E-Book, Englisch, Band 67, 234 Seiten
Clemens / Hernell / Michaelsen Milk and Milk Products in Human Nutrition
1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-3-8055-9587-2
Verlag: S. Karger
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
67th Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop, Pediatric Program, Marrakech, March 2010.
E-Book, Englisch, Band 67, 234 Seiten
Reihe: Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series
ISBN: 978-3-8055-9587-2
Verlag: S. Karger
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
Milk, the first and for a time only source of nutrition for mammals, influences early growth and development and may provide a foundation for health throughout the entire lifespan. It is therefore mandatory that milk substitutes have a composition which fulfills the same goals and confers as close as possible the overall health benefits of human milk. Moreover, in many populations, milk continues to play a major role in a healthy and balanced diet throughout life: During childhood, pregnancy and adulthood, intake of cow's milk has important beneficial effects on linear growth, bone development and the risk of developing caries, and it is important in the prevention and treatment of undernutrition in low-income countries.This publication contains the presentations and discussions of the Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop held in Marrakech in March 2010. It focuses on three main topics: milk during pregnancy and infancy, milk during childhood in low- and high-income countries, and general aspects of milk in adult nutrition. Together, these contributions cover most aspects of milk during the life cycle in a global perspective, making the publication a comprehensive textbook.
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Weitere Infos & Material
1;Milk and Milk Products in Human Nutrition;2
2;Contents;6
3;Preface;8
4;Foreword;9
5;Contributors;12
6;Milk during Pregnancy and Infancy;15
6.1;Milk Intake, Calcium and Vitamin D inPregnancy and Lactation: Effects onMaternal, Fetal and Infant Bone inLow- and High-Income Countries;15
6.1.1;Abstract;15
6.1.2;Introduction;15
6.1.3;Calcium as a Bone-Forming Mineral;16
6.1.4;Calcium Requirements for Infancy, Pregnancy and Lactation;16
6.1.5;Vitamin D Requirements for Infancy, Pregnancy and Lactation;17
6.1.6;Dietary Sources and Intakes of Calcium;18
6.1.7;Dietary Sources and Intakes of Vitamin D;19
6.1.8;Animal Milk Consumption in Low- and High-Income Countries;20
6.1.9;Implications of a Low Calcium Intake for Maternal and InfantBone Health;20
6.1.10;Implications of a Low Vitamin D Supply for Maternal and InfantBone Health;22
6.1.11;Animal Milk Intake in Pregnancy and Lactation;22
6.1.12;Conclusions;22
6.1.13;Acknowledgments;23
6.1.14;References;23
6.1.15;Discussion;25
6.1.16;References;29
6.2;Human Milk vs. Cow’s Milk and theEvolution of Infant Formulas;31
6.2.1;Abstract;31
6.2.2;Introduction;31
6.2.3;Principal Differences between Human Milk and Cow’s Milk;32
6.2.4;The History of Infant Formulas;33
6.2.5;Recent Modifications of Infant Formulas;35
6.2.6;References;38
6.2.7;Discussion;39
6.2.8;References;42
6.3;Whole Cow’s Milk in Early Life;43
6.3.1;Abstract;43
6.3.2;Cow’s Milk in Infancy and Iron Deficiency;43
6.3.3;Infant Formula instead of Whole Cow’s Milk;44
6.3.4;Whole Cow’s Milk and the Consequences of the High ProteinConcentration;46
6.3.5;Allergy and Cow’s Milk Protein;48
6.3.6;Cow’s Milk and Less Evident Hypothesis on Diabetes Type 1 andAutism;48
6.3.7;Conclusions;50
6.3.8;References;50
6.3.9;Discussion;51
6.3.10;References;54
6.4;Biological Effects of Novel BovineMilk Fractions;55
6.4.1;Abstract;55
6.4.2;Introduction;55
6.4.3; -Lactalbumin;56
6.4.4;Lactoferrin;58
6.4.5;Osteopontin;60
6.4.6;Milk Fat Globule Membrane Proteins;61
6.4.7;Conclusions;63
6.4.8;References;63
6.4.9;Discussion;65
6.4.10;Reference;68
6.5;Milk and Oral Health;69
6.5.1;Abstract;69
6.5.2;Oral Health in a Global Perspective;69
6.5.3;Determinants for Dental Caries;70
6.5.4;Potential Anticariogenic Effects of Milk;72
6.5.5;Milk and Dental Health in Children;72
6.5.6;Dairy Products and Oral Health in Adults;73
6.5.7;Milk as a Carrier of Therapeutic Agents;75
6.5.8;Conclusion;75
6.5.9;References;76
6.5.10;Discussion;77
6.5.11;Reference;80
7;Milk during Childhood in Low- and High-Income Countries;81
7.1;Milk and Growth in Children: Effects ofWhey and Casein;81
7.1.1;Abstract;81
7.1.2;Milk and Growth;84
7.1.3;Whey and Casein;85
7.1.4;Body Composition;86
7.1.5;Mechanism;86
7.1.6;References;88
7.1.7;Discussion;89
7.1.8;References;92
7.2;Milk and Linear Growth: Programming ofthe IGF-I Axis and Implication forHealth in Adulthood;93
7.2.1;Abstract;93
7.2.2;Introduction;93
7.2.3;Childhood Stature and Health in Adulthood;95
7.2.4;Breast Milk, Cows Milk and Stature;96
7.2.5;Milk and Health in Adulthood;97
7.2.6;Insulin-Like Growth Factors, Nutrition and Adult ChronicDisease Risk;99
7.2.7;Nutritional Programming of IGF-I;101
7.2.8;Implications;102
7.2.9;Acknowledgements;104
7.2.10;References;104
7.2.11;Discussion;107
7.2.12;References;110
7.3;Cow’s Milk in Treatment of Moderateand Severe Undernutrition inLow-Income Countries;113
7.3.1;Abstract;113
7.3.2;Introduction;113
7.3.3;Definition of Undernutrition;114
7.3.4;Size of the Undernutrition Problem;114
7.3.5;Why Is Milk So Effective?;115
7.3.6;Protein;115
7.3.7;Lactose;115
7.3.8;Minerals;116
7.3.9;Effects of Milk on Nutritional Status;116
7.3.10;Cow’s Milk Products Used in Treatment of Undernutrition;117
7.3.11;Products for Treating Undernutrition;118
7.3.12;Potential Negative Effects of Using Cow’s Milk;118
7.3.13;Recommendations on the Use of Milk in Treating Undernutrition;120
7.3.14;References;120
7.3.15;Discussion;122
7.3.16;Reference;125
7.4;Effects of Animal Source Foods, withEmphasis on Milk, in the Diet ofChildren in Low-Income Countries;127
7.4.1;Abstract;127
7.4.2;Introduction;127
7.4.3;Observational Studies;128
7.4.4;Intervention Trials;129
7.4.5;Milk from Other Animals;137
7.4.6;Unresolved Questions Concerning Cow’s Milk and Children’sHealth in Developing Countries;138
7.4.7;Conclusions;138
7.4.8;References;139
7.4.9;Discussion;141
7.5;Evidence for Acne-Promoting Effects ofMilk and Other Insulinotropic DairyProducts;145
7.5.1;Abstract;145
7.5.2;Epidemiological Evidence for the Relation between MilkConsumption and Acne;146
7.5.3;Combinations of Milk and Carbohydrates PotentiateInsulinotropic Effects;147
7.5.4;Milk Consumption Elevates Postprandial Insulinemia, GH andIGF-I Plasma Levels;147
7.5.5;Whey Proteins: The Major Inducers of PostprandialHyperinsulinemia;148
7.5.6;A Possible Role of Bovine Betacellulin in Acne Pathogenesis;148
7.5.7;Evidence for a Milk-Entero-Pituitary Axis?;150
7.5.8;Existence of a Milk-Pituitary-Adrenal-Sebocyte Axis?;151
7.5.9;Nutrigenomic Effects of Milk on FoxO1 Signaling in AcnePathogenesis;151
7.5.10;Acne-Cancer Relationship;152
7.5.11;Conclusion;154
7.5.12;References;154
7.5.13;Discussion;156
7.5.14;References;158
8;General Aspects of Milk: Milk in Adult Nutrition;161
8.1;Milk Proteins in the Regulation ofBody Weight, Satiety, Food Intakeand Glycemia;161
8.1.1;Abstract;161
8.1.2;Introduction;161
8.1.3;Dairy Consumption, Body Weight and the Metabolic Syndrome;162
8.1.4;Characteristics of Cow’s Milk Proteins;162
8.1.5;Milk Proteins, Satiety and Food Intake;164
8.1.6;Milk Proteins and Satiety Mechanisms;166
8.1.7;Milk Proteins and Glycemic Control;167
8.1.8;Conclusions;170
8.1.9;References;170
8.1.10;Discussion;171
8.1.11;Reference;173
8.2;Lactose Intolerance: An UnnecessaryRisk for Low Bone Density;175
8.2.1;Abstract;175
8.2.2;References;180
8.2.3;Discussion;181
8.3;Milk and the Risk and Progression ofCancer;187
8.3.1;Abstract;187
8.3.2;Introduction;187
8.3.3;Key Issues in Diet-Cancer Research;188
8.3.4;Colorectal Cancer;190
8.3.5;Prostate Cancer;192
8.3.6;Breast and Ovarian Cancer;193
8.3.7;Conclusions;196
8.3.8;References;196
8.3.9;Discussion;197
8.3.10;Reference;199
8.4;Milk A1 and A2 Peptides and Diabetes;201
8.4.1;Abstract;201
8.4.2;Introduction;201
8.4.3;Overview Dietary Peptides;202
8.4.4;Overview Diabetes;205
8.4.5;Dietary Peptides and Diabetes;206
8.4.6;Conclusion;207
8.4.7;References;208
8.4.8;Discussion;208
8.5;Milk Fat and Health Consequences;211
8.5.1;Abstract;211
8.5.2;Dairy Fat Composition;211
8.5.3;Saturated Fats and Cholesterol;211
8.5.4;Effect of Dairy Fats in the Diet;212
8.5.5;Trans Fatty Acids;214
8.5.6;Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids;214
8.5.7;Bioactive Phospholipids;215
8.5.8;Conclusions;216
8.5.9;References;216
8.5.10;Discussion;217
8.5.11;References;221
8.6;Concluding Remarks;223
9;Subject Index;229
