Chilingar / Haroun Electrokinetics for Petroleum and Environmental Engineers

1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-118-84283-6
Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 0 - No protection

E-Book, Englisch, 264 Seiten, E-Book

Electrokinetics is a term applied to a group of physicochemicalphenomena involving the transport of charges, action of chargedparticles, effects of applied electric potential and fluidtransport in various porous media to allow for a desired migrationor flow to be achieved. These phenomena include electrokinetics,electroosmosis, ion migration, electrophoresis, streaming potentialand electroviscosity. These phenomena are closely related and allcontribute to the transport and migration of different ionicspecies and chemicals in porous media. The physicochemical andelectrochemical properties of a porous medium and the pore fluid,and the magnitudes of the applied electrical potential all impactthe direction and velocity of the fluid flow. Also, an electricalpotential is generated upon the forced passage of fluid carryingcharged particles through a porous medium.
The use of electrokinetics in the field of petroleum andenvironmental engineering was groundbreaking when George Chilingarpioneered its use decades ago, but it has only been in recent yearsthat its full potential has been studied. This is the firstvolume of its kind ever written, offering the petroleum orenvironmental engineer a practical "how to" book onusing electrokinetics for more efficient and better oil recoveryand recovery from difficult reservoirs.This groundbreaking volume is a must-have for any petroleumengineer working in the field, and for students and faculty inpetroleum engineering departments worldwide.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Chilingar, George V.

Chilingar, G. V.

Haroun, Mohammed

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface xiii
1 Introduction to Electrokinetics 1
1.1 Factors Influencing Electrokinetic Phenomena 2
1.2 Zeta Potential and the Electric Double Layer Interaction3
1.3 Coehn's Rule 8
1.4 Combined Flow Rate Equation 9
1.5 Dewatering of Soils 11
1.6 Use of Electrokinetics for Stabilization of Week Grounds13
1.7 Bioelectroremediation 14
1.8 Electrical Enhanced Oil Recovery (EEOR) 16
1.9 Improving Acidizing of Carbonates 18
1.10 Economic Feasibility 20
1.11 Releasing Stuck Drillpipe 22
1.12 Summary 23
Bibliography 24
2 Reduction of Contaminants In Soil and Water By Direct ElectricCurrent 33
2.1 Introduction 33
2.2 Overview of Direct Electric Current in Subsurface EnvironmentalMitigation 34
2.3 Electrokinetically-Aided Environmental Mitigation 54
2.4 Transport and Extraction of Crude Oil 83
2.5 Summary and Conclusions 92
References 94
3 Application of Electrokinetics for Enhanced Oil Recovery103
3.1 Introduction 103
3.2 Petroleum Reservoirs, Properties, Reserves, and Recoveries105
3.3 Relative Permeability and Residual Saturation 107
3.4 Enhanced Oil Recovery 109
3.5 Electrokinetically Enhanced Oil Recovery 110
3.6 DCEOR and Energy Storage 112
3.7 Electro-chemical Basis for DCEOR 115
3.8 Role of the Helmholtz Double Layer 119
3.9 DCEOR Field Operations 126
3.10 DCEOR Field Demonstrations 132
3.11 Produced Fluid Changes 138
3.12 Laboratory Measurements 140
3.13 Technology Comparisons 144
3.14 Summary 146
Nomenclature 148
References 149
Websites 155
4 EEOR in Carbonate Reservoirs 157
4.1 Introduction 157
4.2 Electrically Enhanced Oil Recovery (EEOR) - EK AssistedWF 158
4.3 SMART (Simultaneous/Sequential Modified Assisted RecoveryTechniques) 159
4.4 (SMAR EOR) Electrokinetic-AssistedNano-Flooding/Surfactant-Flooding 161
4.5 Electrokinetics-Assisted Waterflooding with Low Concentrationof HCl 166
4.6 Effect of EEOR and SMART EOR in Carbonate Reservoirs atReservoir Conditions 168
Conclusions 171
Nomenclature 172
References 173
5 Mathematical Modeling of Electrokinetic Transport and EnhancedOil Recovery in Porous Geo-Media 177
5.1 Introduction 177
5.2 Basics of EK Transport Modeling 178
5.3 Fundamental Governing Equations 179
5.4 Mathematical Model and Solution of Ek Transport 188
5.5 EK Mass Transport Models 191
5.6 Coupling of Electrical and Pressure Gradients 194
5.7 Mathematical Modeling of EKEOR 197
5.8 Fundamental Governing Equations for EKEOR Model 197
5.9 Solution Strategy 220
5.10 Numerical Implementation 224
5.11 Summary 229
References 229
Index 237