Buch, Englisch, 384 Seiten, Format (B × H): 168 mm x 246 mm, Gewicht: 726 g
Buch, Englisch, 384 Seiten, Format (B × H): 168 mm x 246 mm, Gewicht: 726 g
ISBN: 978-1-119-03756-9
Verlag: Wiley
This book provides an introduction to basic thermodynamic engine cycle simulations, and provides a substantial set of results. Key features includes comprehensive and detailed documentation of the mathematical foundations and solutions required for thermodynamic engine cycle simulations. The book includes a thorough presentation of results based on the second law of thermodynamics as well as results for advanced, high efficiency engines. Case studies that illustrate the use of engine cycle simulations are also provided.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
Preface xiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Reasons for Studying Engines 1
1.2 Engine Types and Operation 2
1.3 Reasons for Cycle Simulations 3
1.3.1 Educational Value 3
1.3.2 Guide Experimentation 3
1.3.3 Only Technique to Study Certain Variables 4
1.3.4 Complete Extensive Parametric Studies 4
1.3.5 Opportunities for Optimization 4
1.3.6 Simulations for Real]time Control 4
1.3.7 Summary 5
1.4 Brief Comments on the History of Simulations 5
1.5 Overview of Book Content 6
2 Overview of Engines and Their Operation 9
2.1 Goals of Engine Designs 9
2.2 Engine Classifications by Applications 10
2.3 Engine Characteristics 11
2.4 Basic Engine Components 12
2.5 Engine Operating Cycles 12
2.6 Performance Parameters 12
2.6.1 Work, Power, and Torque 12
2.6.2 Mean Effective Pressure 15
2.6.3 Thermal Efficiencies 16
2.6.4 Specific Fuel Consumption 17
2.6.5 Other Parameters 17
2.7 Summary 18
3 Overview of Engine Cycle Simulations 19
3.1 Introduction 19
3.2 Ideal (Air Standard) Cycle Analyses 19
3.3 Thermodynamic Engine Cycle Simulations 21
3.4 Quasi]dimensional Thermodynamic Engine Cycle Simulations 22
3.5 Multi]dimensional Simulations 23
3.6 Commercial Products 24
3.6.1 Thermodynamic Simulations 24
3.6.2 Multi]dimensional Simulations 25
3.7 Summary 26
Appendix 3.A: A Brief Summary of the Thermodynamics of the “Otto” Cycle Analysis 29
4 Properties of the Working Fluids 37
4.1 Introduction 37
4.2 Unburned Mixture Composition 37
4.2.1 Oxygen]containing Fuels 40
4.2.2 Oxidizers 41
4.2.3 Fuels 41
4.3 Burned Mixture (“Frozen” Composition) 42
4.4 Equilibrium Composition 43
4.5 Determinations of the Thermodynamic Properties 46
4.6 Results for the Thermodynamic Properties 47
4.7 Summary 61
5 Thermodynamic Formulations 63
5.1 Introduction 63
5.2 Approximations and Assumptions 64
5.3 Formulations 65
5.3.1 One]Zone Formulation 65
5.3.2 Two]Zone Formulation 67
5.3.3 Three]Zone Formulation 72
5.4 Comments on the Three Formulations 77
5.5 Summary 77
6 Items and Procedures for Solutions 79
6.1 Introduction 79
6.2 Items Needed to Solve the Energy Equations 79
6.2.1 Thermodynamic Properties 79
6.2.2 Kinematics 80
6.2.3 Combustion Process (Mass Fraction Burned) 82
6.2.4 Cylinder Heat Transfer 85
6.2.5 Mass Flow Rates 86
6.2.6 Mass Conservation 89
6.2.7 Friction 89
6.2.8 Pollutant Calculations 94
6.2.9 Other Sub]models 94
6.3 Numerical Solution 94
6.3.1 Initial and Boundary Conditions 95
6.3.2 Internal Consistency Checks 96
6.4 Summary 96
7 Basic Results 99
7.1 Introduction 99
7.2 Engine Specifications and Operating Conditions 99
7.3 Results and Discussion 101
7.3.1 Cylinder Volumes, Pressures, and Temperatures 102
7.3.2 Cylinder Masses and Flow Rates 106
7.3.3 Specific Enthalpy and Internal Energy 108
7.3.4 Molecular Masses, Gas Constants, and Mole Fractions 110
7.3.5 Energy Distribution and Work 114
7.4 Summary and Conclusions 116
8 Performance Results 119
8.1 Introduction 119
8.2 Engine and Operating Conditions 119
8.3 Performance Results (Part I)—Functions of Load and Speed 119
8.4 Performance Results (Part II)—Functions of Operating/Design Parameters 129
8.4.1 Combustion Timing 129
8.4.2 Compression Ratio 131
8.4.3 Equivalence Ratio 133
8.4.4 Burn Duration 135
8.4.5 Inlet Temperature 135
8.4.6 Residual Mass Fraction 136
8.4.7 Exhaust Pressure 136
8.4.8 Exhaust Gas Temperature 140
8.4.9 Exhaust Gas Recirculation 142
8.4.10 Pumping Work 145
8.5 Summary and Conclusions 149
9 Second Law Results 153
9.1 Introduction 153
9.2 Exergy 153
9.3 Previous Literature 154
9.4 Formulation of Second Law Analyses 154
9.5 Results from the Second Law Analyses 158
9.5.1 Basic Results 158
9.5.2 Parametric Results 163
9.5.3 Auxiliary Comments 174
9.6 Summary and Conclusions 176
10 Other Engine Combustion Processes 179
10.1 Introduction 179
10.2 Diesel Engine Combustion 179
10.3 Best Features from SI and CI Engines 180
10.4 Other Combustion Processes 181
10.4.1 Stratified Charge Combustion 181
10.4.2 Low Temperature Combustion 181
10.5 Challenges of Alternative Combustion Processes 182
10.6 Applications of the Simulations for Other Combustion Processes 183
10.7 Summary 184
11 Case Studies: Introduction 187
11.1 Case Studies 187
11.2 Common Elements of the Case Studies 188
11.3 General Methodology of the Case Studies 189
12 Combustion: Heat Release and Phasing 191
12.1 Introduction 191
12.2 Engine and Operating Conditions 191
12.3 Part I: Heat Release Schedule 191
12.3.1 Results for the Heat Release Rate 197
12.4 Part II: Combustion Phasing 205
12.4.1 Results for Combustion Phasing 206
12.5 Summary and Conclusions 221
13 Cylinder Heat Transfer 225
13.1 Introduction 225
13.2 Basic Relations 226
13.3 Previous Literature 227
13.3.1 Woschni Correlation 228
13.3.2 Summary of Correlations 229
13.4 Results and Discussion 230
13.4.1 Conventional Engine 230
13.4.2 Engines Utilizing Low Heat Rejection Concepts 241
13.4.3 Engines Utilizing Adiabatic EGR 247
13.5 Summary and Conclusions 250
14 Fuels 253
14.1 Introduction 253
14.2 Fuel Specifications 254
14.3 Engine and Operating Conditions 255
