Bundschuh / Dekkers The IT Measurement Compendium

Estimating and Benchmarking Success with Functional Size Measurement
1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-3-540-68188-5
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 644 Seiten

'As projects get more complicated, managers stop learning from their - perience. It is important to understand how that happens and how to change it.... Fallible estimates: In software development, initial estimates for a project shape the trajectory of decisions that a manager makes over its life. For ex- ple, estimates of the productivity of the team members influence decisions about the size of the team, which in turn affect the team's actual output. The trouble is that initial estimates usually turn out to be wrong. ' (Sengupta, 2008) This book aims directly to increase the awareness among managers and practitioners that estimation is as important as the work to be done in so- ware and systems development. You can manage what you can measure! Readers will find in this book a collection of lessons learned from the worldwide 'metrics community,' which we have documented and enhanced with our own experiences in the field of software measurement and estimating. Our goal is to support our readers to harvest the benefits of estimating and - prove their software development processes. We present the 5 ISO/I- acknowledged Functional Sizing Methods with variants, experiences, counting rules, and case studies - and most importantly, illustrate through practical - amples how to use functional size measurement to produce realistic estimates. The book is written in a practical manner, especially for the busy practitioner community. It is aimed to be used as a manual and an assistant for everyday work.

Manfred Bundschuh is an internationally recognized expert on software measurement, estimating and international standards, with more than 40 years' IT experience, as an IT controller, consultant, and project manager. In addition, he has been teaching software engineering and project management at the University of Applied Sciences in Cologne, Germany, for more than 25 years. For the last 5 years he has been President of DASMA e.V., the metrics organization of the German-speaking countries. Carol Dekkers is the president of Quality Plus Technologies, Inc., and a recognized expert in software measurement, functional size measurement, quality, scope management, and project management. Carol is a frequent keynote presenter at international conferences and the author of more than 60 articles and co-author of three books. She is a delegate to ISO/IEC for the United States (since 1994) and has worked for the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) as a visiting scientist. She is a professional engineer (Canada), a Certified Management Consultant (CMC), a Project Management Professional (PMP), and a Certified Function Point Specialist (CFPS). Carol is active in the International Software Benchmarking Standards Group (ISBSG), International Function Point Users Group (past-president), PMI Metrics SIG (past chair) and a variety of other industry groups.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Bundschuh, Manfred

Dekkers, Carol

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
1.1;History of This Book;6
1.2;The Books’ Content ;7
1.3;Acknowledgements ;8
2;Contents;10
3;List of Figures;21
4;List of Tables;26
5;1 The Estimation Challenges;33
5.1;1.1 The Basics of Software Estimation;40
5.2;1.2 Rules for Estimation;61
5.3;1.3 A Checklist for Estimating;70
5.4;1.4 Internet Links for Software Measurement Associations and Estimation;71
5.5;1.5 Management Summary;73
6;2 Estimation Fundamentals;76
6.1;2.1 Estimation in a Project Controlling Environment;77
6.2;2.2 Determining Parameters of Estimation;87
6.3;2.3 Management Summary;93
7;3 Prerequisites for Estimation;96
7.1;3.1 The Information Basis of Estimation;96
7.2;3.2 The Process of Estimation;107
7.3;3.3 Management Summary;113
8;4 The Implementation of Estimation;116
8.1;4.1 Report About a Successful Implementation;118
8.2;4.2 Positive and Negative Aspects of Software Measurement;121
8.3;4.3 Frequently Asked Questions;124
8.4;4.4 Acceptance Challenges;129
8.5;4.5 Goals for an Estimation Process;138
8.6;4.6 Counting of Historical Projects;140
8.7;4.7 Estimation as an Early Warning System;141
8.8;4.8 Management Summary;143
9;5 Estimation Methods;147
9.1;5.1 The Challenges of Estimation Methods;148
9.2;5.2 Determination of the Effort;156
9.3;5.3 Overview of Methods;167
9.4;5.4 Evaluation of an Estimation Method;177
9.5;5.5 Management Summary;184
10;6 Estimating Maintenance Effort;189
10.1;6.1 International Standards for Software Maintenance;190
10.2;6.2 Enhancement Projects;194
10.3;6.3 Software Metrics for Maintenance;197
10.4;6.4 Estimation of Maintenance Effort after Delivery;199
10.5;6.5 Estimation of Small Changes;200
10.6;6.6 Management Summary;206
11;7 Software Measurement and Metrics: Fundamentals;208
11.1;7.1 Terminology;209
11.2;7.2 Goals and Benefits of Metrics;216
11.3;7.3 Start and Implementation of a Metrics Initiative;219
11.4;7.4 Management Summary;232
12;8 Product- and Process- Metrics;236
12.1;8.1 Product Metrics;237
12.2;8.2 Software Quality;244
12.3;8.3 Documentation;251
12.4;8.4 System Complexity;251
12.5;8.5 Process Metrics;254
12.6;8.6 Management Summary;265
13;9 Object-Oriented Metrics;269
13.1;9.1 Examples of Object-Oriented Metrics;271
13.2;9.2 Projects that were Developed Using Object-Oriented Approaches in the ISBSG Benchmarking Database;278
13.3;9.3 Function Points and Object-Oriented System Development;279
13.4;9.4 Management Summary;282
14;10 Measurement Communities and Resources;284
14.1;10.1 The ISO Standards;285
14.2;10.2 The Capability Maturity Model Integration;288
14.3;10.3. The Goal Question Metric Method;291
14.4;10.4 The Balanced Scorecard;293
14.5;10.5 Important Software and Systems Measurement Organizations;295
14.6;10.6 Internet Links to Measurement Communities;312
15;11 Benchmarking of IT Projects;315
15.1;11.1 Benchmarking Fundamentals;316
15.2;11.2 Practical Benchmarking Experiences;319
15.3;11.3 Benchmarking Databases;323
15.4;11.4 ISBSG and Its Products;325
15.5;11.5 Internet Links to Benchmarking Organizations;343
15.6;11.6 Management Summary;344
16;12 The IFPUG Function Point Counting Method;348
16.1;12.1 Functional Size Measurement Methods History;350
16.2;12.2 The Benefits of the IFPUG FPM;351
16.3;12.3 Application Areas for Function Points;357
16.4;12.4 The Evaluation of Function Point-Based Estimation Methods;359
16.5;12.5 The Optimum Time to Count FPs;361
16.6;12.6 The Process of Function Point Counting;363
16.7;12.7 The Process to Implement the IFPUG Function Point Counting Method;381
16.8;12.8 The Limitations of the IFPUG Function Point Counting Method;383
16.9;12.9 Management Summary;384
17;13 Functional Size Measurement Methods ( FSMMs);389
17.1;13.1 Short Characterizations of ISO/IEC-Conformant FSMMs;390
17.2;13.2 COSMIC;391
17.3;13.3 FiSMA 1.1 Functional Size Measurement Method;400
17.4;13.4 Mark II Function Point Method;411
17.5;13.5 NESMA FPA;413
17.6;13.6 Outlook for Functional Size Measurement Methods;417
17.7;13.7 Management Summary;418
18;14 Variants of the IFPUG Function Point Counting Method;420
18.1;14.1 The Data Point Method;421
18.2;14.2 Feature Points;422
18.3;14.3 Object Point Methods;422
18.4;14.4 SPR Function Points;423
18.5;14.5 3D Function Points;424
18.6;14.6 Use Case Points (UCP);424
18.7;14.7 Outlook;428
18.8;14.8 Management Summary;429
19;15 Using Functional Size Measurement Methods;431
19.1;15.1 Function Point Prognosis;431
19.2;15.2 Estimation of Person Months of Work Effort Based on Function Points;439
19.3;15.3 Productivity Analysis;440
19.4;15.4 Typical Function Point Counting Experiences;442
19.5;15.5 Management Summary;451
20;16 Estimation of Data Warehouses, Web-Based Applications: Software Reuse and Redevelopment;454
20.1;16.1 Function Point Counts of Data Warehouse Projects;454
20.2;16.2 Estimating Web Development;460
20.3;16.3 Software Reuse and Redevelopment;469
20.4;16.4 Management Summary;472
21;17 IFPUG Function Point Counting Rules;474
21.1;17.1 Overview of IFPUG CPM Release 4.2 (Also known as IFPUG 4.2);474
21.2;17.2 Determine the Type of Count;476
21.3;17.3 Determine the Purpose and Scope of the Count and the Application ( System) Boundary;477
21.4;17.4 Count Unadjusted FPs;478
21.5;17.5 Calculate the Adjusted FPs;489
21.6;17.6 Management Summary;502
22;18 Functional Size Measurement Case Studies;504
22.1;18.1 Case Study Description: Course Registration System;504
22.2;18.2 Use Case Diagram;514
22.3;18.3. COSMIC (Cfp) Count of Course Registration system;518
22.4;18.4 FiSMA (Ffp) Count of Course Registration System;531
22.5;18.5 IFPUG (FP) Count of Course Registration System;537
22.6;18.6 Mark II Function Point Count of Course Registration System ;544
22.7;18.7 NESMA Count of Course Registration System;547
22.8;18.8 Comparison of Results of FSM Methods;551
23;19 Functional Size Measurement: Additional Case Studies;554
23.1;19.1 COSMIC Case Study;554
23.2;19.2 IFPUG Function Point Case Studies;561
24;20 Tools for Estimation;567
24.1;20.1 The Benefits of Estimation Tools;569
24.2;20.2 Effort Estimation Tools;570
24.3;20.3 The Use of Estimation Tools;572
24.4;20.4 Checkpoint for Windows (CKWIN);575
24.5;20.5 Experience® Pro Project Sizing, Estimating, and Scope Management Software;593
24.6;20.6 Other Estimation Tools;597
24.7;20.7 Tools that Support Functional Size Measurement;598
24.8;20.8 Tools for Object Oriented Metrics and Estimation;601
24.9;20.9 Website URLs for Estimation Tools;604
24.10;20.10 Management Summary;606
25;Appendix;607
25.1;A.1 A Logbook for Function Point Counts;607
25.2;A.2 Checklists;609
25.3;A.3 FiSMA Situation Analysis Model MT22;619
26;Literature;630
27;Index;647