Brusa / Calà / Ferretto Systems Engineering and Its Application to Industrial Product Development

1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-319-71837-8
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 134, 363 Seiten

Reihe: Studies in Systems, Decision and Control

Mastering the complexity of innovative systems is a challenging aspect of design and product development. Only a systematic approach can help to embed an increasing degree of smartness in devices and machines, allowing them to adapt to variable conditions or harsh environments. At the same time, customer needs have to be identified before they can be translated into consistent technical requirements. The field of Systems Engineering provides a method, a process, suitable tools and languages to cope with the complexity of various systems such as motor vehicles, robots, railways systems, aircraft and spacecraft, smart manufacturing systems, microsystems, and bio-inspired devices. It makes it possible to trace the entire product lifecycle, by ensuring that requirements are matched to system functions, and functions are matched to components and subsystems, down to the level of assembled parts. This book discusses how Systems Engineering can be suitably deployed and how its benefits are currently being exploited by Product Lifecycle Management. It investigates the fundamentals of Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) through a general introduction to this topic and provides two examples of real systems, helping readers understand how these tools are used. The first, which involves the mechatronics of industrial systems, serves to reinforce the main content of the book, while the second describes an industrial implementation of the MBSE tools in the context of developing the on-board systems of a commercial aircraft.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Brusa, Eugenio

Calà, Ambra

Ferretto, Davide

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;7
2;Acknowledgements;10
3;Contents;11
4;Acronyms and Symbols;16
5;1 Introduction;20
5.1;Abstract;20
5.2;1.1 The Industrial Context;20
5.3;1.2 Goals of This Handbook;21
5.4;1.3 Test Cases and Implementation of Tools;22
5.5;1.4 Structure of the Handbook;24
6;2 The Systems Engineering;25
6.1;Abstract;25
6.2;2.1 A Definition in a Nutshell;25
6.2.1;2.1.1 Main Goals;26
6.2.2;2.1.2 Four Pillars;29
6.3;2.2 Some Historical Notes;31
6.4;2.3 A Survey on the Literature About the Systems Engineering;33
6.5;2.4 Technical Standards on the Systems Engineering;37
6.6;2.5 Software Tools for the Systems Engineering;39
6.7;References;40
7;3 The Methodology of Systems Engineering;42
7.1;Abstract;42
7.2;3.1 Introduction;42
7.2.1;3.1.1 Definitions of System;42
7.2.2;3.1.2 The System Development as an Industrial Product;43
7.3;3.2 The Models of the Product Life Cycle;46
7.3.1;3.2.1 The Waterfall Diagram;47
7.3.2;3.2.2 The V-Diagram;47
7.3.3;3.2.3 The Spiral Diagram;50
7.4;3.3 The Architecture Frameworks;51
7.4.1;3.3.1 MODAF;52
7.4.2;3.3.2 UAF;54
7.4.3;3.3.3 Framework and Process;56
7.5;3.4 The Industrial Implementation of the Methodology;56
7.5.1;3.4.1 Key Issues of the SE Process;59
7.6;3.5 Overview on Known Methodologies to Implement the MBSE;63
7.6.1;3.5.1 The INCOSE Object-Oriented Systems Engineering Methodology (OOSEM);63
7.6.2;3.5.2 The IBM Rational Telelogic Harmony-SE;64
7.6.3;3.5.3 The IBM Rational Unified Process for System Engineering (RUP-SE);64
7.6.4;3.5.4 The Vitech Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE);65
7.6.5;3.5.5 The JPL State Analysis (SA);65
7.6.6;3.5.6 The Object-Process Methodology (OPM);65
7.6.7;3.5.7 The Architecture Analysis and Design Integrated Approach (ARCADIA);66
7.6.8;3.5.8 The Systems Modeling Process (SYSMOD);66
7.6.9;3.5.9 The Alstom ASAP Methodology;66
7.6.10;3.5.10 Synthesis About the Methodologies;66
7.7;3.6 A Reference Process: The ISO/IEC 15288;67
7.8;3.7 The Engineering Methods;69
7.9;3.8 The Languages for Systems Engineering;73
7.10;3.9 Unified Modeling Language—UML;74
7.11;3.10 System Modeling Language—SysML;75
7.11.1;3.10.1 Requirements Diagram;76
7.11.2;3.10.2 Behavior Diagram;77
7.11.3;3.10.3 Structure Diagrams;81
7.11.4;3.10.4 Parametric Diagram;83
7.12;References;84
8;4 Systems, Customer Needs and Requirements;86
8.1;Abstract;86
8.2;4.1 A Couple of Examples to Understand;86
8.2.1;4.1.1 Didactic Test Case: A Coiler for Wire Rod Production;87
8.2.2;4.1.2 Industrial Test Case: De-icing or Anti-icing System for a Commercial Aircraft;89
8.3;4.2 Implementation of the MBSE;90
8.4;4.3 Identification of the Customer Needs;91
8.4.1;4.3.1 Needs Versus Requirements;91
8.4.2;4.3.2 Looking for the Customer Needs;91
8.4.3;4.3.3 A Systematic Approach to the Identification of Needs;92
8.4.4;4.3.4 Source of Needs;94
8.5;4.4 The Stakeholders;95
8.5.1;4.4.1 Didactic Test Case: Needs and Stakeholders;96
8.5.2;4.4.2 Industrial Test Case: Needs and Stakeholders;97
8.6;4.5 The Role of Requirements in the Product Development;98
8.6.1;4.5.1 Definition of Requirement;99
8.6.2;4.5.2 Classification of Requirements;100
8.6.3;4.5.3 Syntax and Attributes of Requirements;102
8.7;4.6 Tools for Writing Requirements;103
8.7.1;4.6.1 Requirements Manager;103
8.7.2;4.6.2 Requirements Quality and Authoring Suites;107
8.8;4.7 Requirements Refinement and Assessment;108
8.8.1;4.7.1 Didactic Test Case: Classification and List of Requirements;108
8.8.2;4.7.2 Industrial Test Case: Classification and List of Requirements;121
8.9;References;130
9;5 Operational Analysis;131
9.1;Abstract;131
9.2;5.1 Goals and Tasks;131
9.3;5.2 The Operational Analysis Deployed Through the SysML;132
9.4;5.3 Implementation and Operational Context;135
9.4.1;5.3.1 Didactic Test Case;135
9.4.2;5.3.2 Industrial Test Case;142
9.5;5.4 Requirements Derivation in Operational Analysis;155
9.6;5.5 Synthesis of the Operational Analysis for Both the Test Cases;159
10;6 Functional Analysis;162
10.1;Abstract;162
10.2;6.1 Introduction;162
10.3;6.2 Handoff Between Operational and Functional Analyses;164
10.4;6.3 Implementation of Functional Analysis Through the SysML;165
10.5;6.4 Requirements Derivation, Traceability and Allocation;170
10.6;6.5 Results and Outputs for the Logical Analysis;172
10.7;6.6 Implementation: Deriving the Functional Architecture;173
10.7.1;6.6.1 Didactic Test Case;174
10.7.2;6.6.2 Industrial Test Case;181
10.7.3;6.6.3 Comparison Between Use Case and Black-Box Based Approaches;199
10.8;6.7 Results and Final Remarks About the Functional Analysis;205
10.9;References;206
11;7 Logical Analysis;207
11.1;Abstract;207
11.2;7.1 Meaning of the Logical Analysis;207
11.3;7.2 Handoff Between Functional and Logical Analysis;208
11.4;7.3 Implementation of the Logical Analysis Through the SysML;209
11.5;7.4 Requirements Satisfaction and Architecture Allocation;213
11.6;7.5 Towards the Next Phase;214
11.7;7.6 Implementation and System Logical Architecture;215
11.7.1;7.6.1 Didactic Test Case;215
11.7.2;7.6.2 Industrial Test Case;218
11.8;7.7 Requirements Traceability in the Logical Analysis;233
11.9;7.8 Results and Final Considerations About the Logical Analysis;236
12;8 Physical Analysis;238
12.1;Abstract;238
12.2;8.1 Introduction;238
12.3;8.2 Handoff Between Logical and Physical Analyses;239
12.4;8.3 Formalisms and Models of the Physical Analysis;240
12.5;8.4 Requirements Allocation and Verification;242
12.6;8.5 Expected Results and Final Remarks;243
12.7;8.6 Implementation of the Physical Analysis of Complex Systems;244
12.7.1;8.6.1 Didactic Test Case;244
12.7.2;8.6.2 Industrial Test Case;257
12.8;8.7 Results and Final Considerations About the Physical Analysis;282
12.9;References;283
13;9 Heterogeneous Simulation;284
13.1;Abstract;284
13.2;9.1 Introduction;284
13.3;9.2 Strategies of Model’s Integration Within the Heterogeneous Simulation;285
13.4;9.3 Example of Interoperability Standard: The Functional Mock-up Interface;290
13.5;9.4 Implementation of the Heterogeneous Simulation in the Ice Protection System Case Study;292
13.5.1;9.4.1 Models for the Ice Protection System Scenario;292
13.5.2;9.4.2 Simulation Results and Final Run;296
13.6;9.5 Traceability and Future Evolution of the Interoperability Within Large Toolchains;298
13.7;References;300
14;10 System Verification and Validation (V&V);301
14.1;Abstract;301
14.2;10.1 Introduction;301
14.3;10.2 The Best “V&V” Process;303
14.4;10.3 Verification, Validation and Accreditation (V&V, VV&A);304
14.5;10.4 Software and Hardware;305
14.5.1;10.4.1 V&V in Software Engineering;306
14.5.2;10.4.2 V&V in Hardware Engineering;309
14.6;10.5 A Methodological Approach to the Industrial Product V&V;311
14.6.1;10.5.1 Practical Issues in Product Development and Relation with V&V;311
14.6.2;10.5.2 Workflow of V&V;313
14.6.3;10.5.3 Design Objectives;315
14.6.4;10.5.4 Smartness and Smart-Nect-Ness;316
14.6.5;10.5.5 DT&E and OT&E for the Industrial Product;317
14.7;10.6 The Role of RAMS in V&V;319
14.7.1;10.6.1 Reliability;319
14.7.2;10.6.2 Maintainability;320
14.7.3;10.6.3 Availability;321
14.7.4;10.6.4 FMEA and FTA;321
14.7.5;10.6.5 Dysfunctional Analysis;322
14.7.6;10.6.6 Integration of RAMS and Numerical Simulation;324
14.8;10.7 V&V Peculiarities of the Proposed Test Cases;325
14.8.1;10.7.1 Didactic Test Case: V&V Issues;325
14.8.2;10.7.2 Industrial Test Case: The RAMS Analysis;332
14.9;References;337
15;11 Systems Engineering and Product Lifecycle Management (PLM);338
15.1;Abstract;338
15.2;11.1 The Big Picture;338
15.3;11.2 The Configuration Control Management;339
15.4;11.3 The Platform Building;341
15.4.1;11.3.1 The PLM Collaboration Model;342
15.4.2;11.3.2 The PLM Functional View;342
15.4.3;11.3.3 The PLM Data Model Analysis and the Tool Chain;343
15.5;11.4 The Tools Integration and Interoperation;346
15.6;11.5 The Configuration Control Action;348
15.7;11.6 Integration Between Analyses Within the Tool Chain;350
15.7.1;11.6.1 Integration Between Design and RAMS;350
15.7.2;11.6.2 Integrated Analysis;351
16;12 Conclusion;353
16.1;Abstract;353
17;Index;357