Sqlscript for SAP Hana

2. Enlarged Auflage 2021
ISBN: 978-1-4932-2139-4
Verlag: Rheinwerk Publishing, Inc.

Buch, Englisch, 409 Seiten, Format (B × H): 183 mm x 260 mm, Gewicht: 1026 g

Reihe: SAP PRESS: englisch

New to SQLScript—or maybe looking to brush up on a specific task? Whatever your skill level, this comprehensive guide to SQLScript for SAP HANA is for you! Master language elements, data types, and the function library. Learn to implement SAP HANA database procedures and functions using imperative and declarative SQLScript. Integrate with ABAP, SAP BW on SAP HANA, and SAP BW/4HANA. Finally, test, troubleshoot, and analyze your SQLScript programs. Code like the pros!

Highlights include:

1) SAP HANA Studio
2) SAP HANA Web-Based Development Workbench
3) SAP Web IDE
4) SQL Console
5) Language basics
6) Declarative and imperative programming
7) Data types
8) Database programming
9) ABAP-managed database procedures (AMDP)
10) SAP BW and SAP BW/4HANA
11) Clean code
12) Troubleshooting and analysis

Autoren/Hrsg.

Brandeis, Jörg

Fachgebiete

• Mathematik | Informatik EDV | Informatik Programmierung | Softwareentwicklung Programmier- und Skriptsprachen
• Mathematik | Informatik EDV | Informatik Angewandte Informatik Wirtschaftsinformatik
• Mathematik | Informatik EDV | Informatik Programmierung | Softwareentwicklung Datenbankprogrammierung
• Wirtschaftswissenschaften Betriebswirtschaft Wirtschaftsinformatik, SAP, IT-Management
• Mathematik | Informatik EDV | Informatik Business Application Unternehmenssoftware SAP

Inhaltsverzeichnis

·. Introduction. 15

·. Structure of the Book. 18

·. Acknowledgments. 20

· 1. SAP HANA. 21

· 1.1. What Is SAP HANA?. 22

· 1.1.1. SAP HANA: A Fast SQL Database. 22

· 1.1.2. SAP HANA: An Application Server. 26

· 1.1.3. SAP HANA: A Collection of Tools. 27

· 1.2. System Architecture. 29

· 1.2.1. SAP HANA Server Components. 29

· 1.2.2. Databases and Tenants. 30

· 1.3. Organizing Database Objects. 32

· 1.3.1. Database Schemas. 32

· 1.3.2. Database Catalogs. 34

· 1.3.3. Content and Repositories. 35

· 1.4. Development Environments. 36

· 1.4.1. SAP HANA Studio. 37

· 1.4.2. SAP HANA Database Explorer. 40

· 1.5. The SQL Console. 44

· 1.6. Summary. 47

· 2. Getting Started with SQLScript. 49

· 2.1. SQL versus SQLScript. 49

· 2.2. Basic Language Elements. 53

· 2.2.1. Statements. 53

· 2.2.2. Whitespace. 54

· 2.2.3. Comments. 54

· 2.2.4. Literals. 56

· 2.2.5. Identifiers. 58

· 2.2.6. Access to Local Variables and Parameters. 59

· 2.2.7. System Variables. 60

· 2.2.8. Reserved Words. 61

· 2.2.9. Operators. 61

· 2.2.10. Expressions. 63

· 2.2.11. Predicates. 65

· 2.2.12. Data Types. 66

· 2.2.13. The NULL Value. 67

· 2.2.14. The DUMMY Table. 69

· 2.3. Modularization and Logical Containers. 70

· 2.3.1. Blocks. 72

· 2.3.2. Procedures. 75

· 2.3.3. User-Defined Functions. 83

· 2.3.4. User-Defined Libraries. 87

· 2.4. Sample Program. 89

· 2.4.1. Requirements. 89

· 2.4.2. Requirements Analysis. 90

· 2.4.3. Implementation. 91

· 2.4.4. Testing the Implementation. 97

· 2.5. Summary. 100

· 3. Declarative Programming in SQLScript. 101

· 3.1. Table Variables. 102

· 3.1.1. Declaring Table Variables. 102

· 3.1.2. Using Table Variables. 103

· 3.2. SELECT Statements. 104

· 3.2.1. SELECT Clauses. 105

· 3.2.2. Field List of SELECT Clauses. 105

· 3.2.3. FROM Clauses. 119

· 3.2.4. Joins. 122

· 3.2.5. WHERE Conditions. 130

· 3.2.6. WITH Clauses. 137

· 3.2.7. GROUP BY Clauses. 139

· 3.2.8. HAVING Clauses. 141

· 3.2.9. ORDER BY Clauses. 142

· 3.2.10. Set Theory. 143

· 3.2.11. Subqueries. 145

· 3.2.12. Alias Names. 146

· 3.3. Other Operators. 148

· 3.3.1. Calculation Engine Plan Operators. 148

· 3.3.2. MAP_MERGE Operator. 149

· 3.3.3. MAP_REDUCE Operator. 150

· 3.4. Summary. 151

· 4. Data Types and Their Processing. 153

· 4.1. Character Strings. 153

· 4.1.1. Data Types for Character Strings. 154

· 4.1.2. Conversions. 157

· 4.1.3. Character String Functions. 157

· 4.1.4. SQLSCRIPT_STRING Library. 171

· 4.2. Date and Time. 176

· 4.2.1. Date Information. 176

· 4.2.2. Time Information. 181

· 4.2.3. Combined Time and Date Information. 182

· 4.2.4. Processing Time and Date Values. 182

· 4.2.5. Examples of Processing Time Values. 187

· 4.3. Numerical Data. 189

· 4.3.1. Basic Arithmetic Operations. 191

· 4.3.2. Square Roots and Exponents. 191

· 4.3.3. Logarithms. 192

· 4.3.4. Rounding or Trimming. 192

· 4.3.5. Trigonometry. 194

· 4.3.6. Random Numbers. 194

· 4.3.7. Sign. 194

· 4.3.8. Quantities and Amounts. 195

· 4.4. Binary Data Types. 200

· 4.4.1. Conversion between Binary Data, Hexadecimal Data, and Character Strings. 201

· 4.4.2. Bits and Bytes. 202

· 4.5. Conversions between Data Types. 204

· 4.6. Summary. 205

· 5. Write Access to the Database. 207

· 5.1. INSERT. 208

· 5.1.1. Individual Data Records. 208

· 5.1.2. Inserting Multiple Records Simultaneously. 209

· 5.2. UPDATE. 211

· 5.2.1. Simple UPDATE Statement. 211

· 5.2.2. UPDATE Statement with Reference to Other Tables. 212

· 5.3. UPSERT or REPLACE. 213

· 5.3.1. Inserting or Updating Individual Data Records. 213

· 5.3.2. Inserting or Updating Multiple Data Records. 214

· 5.4. MERGE INTO. 214

· 5.5. DELETE. 217

· 5.6. TRUNCATE TABLE. 217

· 5.7. Summary. 217

· 6. Imperative Programming. 219

· 6.1. Variables. 219

· 6.1.1. Local Scalar Variables. 219

· 6.1.2. Local Table Variables. 224

· 6.1.3. Session Variables. 234

· 6.1.4. Temporary Tables. 235

· 6.2. Flow Control Using IF and ELSE. 236

· 6.3. Loops. 239

· 6.3.1. FOR Loop. 239

· 6.3.2. WHILE Loop. 240

· 6.3.3. Controlling Loop Passes. 241

· 6.3.4. Exercise: Greatest Common Divisor. 242

· 6.4. Cursors. 243

· 6.4.1. FOR Loop via a Cursor. 243

· 6.4.2. Open, Read, and Close Explicitly. 244

· 6.4.3. Updateable Cursors. 246

· 6.5. Arrays. 246

· 6.5.1. Generating an Array. 247

· 6.5.2. Accessing the Array. 247

· 6.5.3. Arrays as Local Variables. 248

· 6.5.4. Splitting and Concatenating Arrays. 249

· 6.5.5. Arrays and Table Columns. 250

· 6.5.6. Bubble Sort Exercise. 251

· 6.6. Transaction Control. 253

· 6.6.1. Transactions. 253

· 6.6.2. Autonomous Transactions. 254

· 6.7. Executing Dynamic SQL. 255

· 6.7.1. Parameters of Dynamic SQL. 257

· 6.7.2. Input Parameters. 258

· 6.8. Error Handling. 260

· 6.8.1. What Are Exceptions?. 261

· 6.8.2. Triggering Exceptions. 262

· 6.8.3. Catching Exceptions. 262

· 6.9. Summary. 266

· 7. Creating, Deleting, and Editing Database Objects. 267

· 7.1. Tables. 268

· 7.1.1. Creating Database Tables. 268

· 7.1.2. Changing Database Tables. 272

· 7.1.3. Deleting Database Tables. 273

· 7.2. Table Types. 273

· 7.3. Views. 274

· 7.4. Sequences. 276

· 7.4.1. Increment. 277

· 7.4.2. Limits. 277

· 7.4.3. Behavior When Reaching the Limit. 277

· 7.4.4. Resetting the Sequence. 278

· 7.4.5. Changing and Deleting a Sequence. 278

· 7.5. Triggers. 278

· 7.5.1. Parameters. 280

· 7.5.2. Per Row or Per Statement. 281

· 7.6. Summary. 281

· 8. SQLScript in ABAP Programs. 283

· 8.1. AMDP Procedures. 283

· 8.1.1. Introduction to AMDP. 284

· 8.1.2. Creating AMDP Procedures. 287

· 8.1.3. Generated Objects of an AMDP Method. 290

· 8.1.4. Lifecycle of the Generated Objects. 294

· 8.1.5. Two-Track Development. 294

· 8.1.6. Using AMDP Procedures in Other AMDP Procedures. 297

· 8.2. CDS Table Functions. 300

· 8.2.1. Creating a CDS Table Function. 300

· 8.2.2. Generated Objects of a CDS Table Function. 305

· 8.2.3. Implicit Client Handling of CDS Table Functions. 306

· 8.3. AMDP Functions for AMDP Methods. 307

· 8.3.1. AMDP Table Functions. 307

· 8.3.2. Scalar AMDP Functions. 309

· 8.4. Alternatives to AMDP for Calling SQLScript Code from ABAP Programs. 310

· 8.5. Recommendations. 311

· 8.6. Summary. 312

· 9. SQLScript in SAP Business Warehouse. 313

· 9.1. Executing the Data Transfer Process in ABAP vs. SAP HANA. 314

· 9.2. Transformation Routines as AMDP. 318

· 9.2.1. Creating Transformation Routines in Eclipse. 318

· 9.2.2. Creating Transformation Routines in SAP GUI. 319

· 9.3. Successive Transformations and Mixed Execution. 320

· 9.4. Generated AMDP Classes. 321

· 9.4.1. Signature of AMDP Methods. 323

· 9.4.2. Assigning the Output Tables. 325

· 9.4.3. Access to Data from Other Data Models. 325

· 9.5. Individual Routines. 328

· 9.5.1. Start Routines. 329

· 9.5.2. End Routines. 329

· 9.5.3. Expert Routines. 330

· 9.5.4. Field Routines. 332

· 9.6. Error Processing and Error Stack. 333

· 9.6.1. Processing Flow in the Data Transfer Process. 335

· 9.6.2. Example: Recognizing Incorrect Data in Table OUTTAB. 336

· 9.6.3. Example: Finding Invalid Field Contents with Regular Expressions. 337

· 9.7. Summary. 337

· 10. Clean SQLScript Code. 339

· 10.1. Code Readability. 339

· 10.1.1. Formatting the Code. 340

· 10.1.2. Mnemonic Names. 341

· 10.1.3. Granularity of Procedures and Functions. 342

· 10.1.4. Comments. 345

· 10.1.5. Decomposing Complex Queries. 347

· 10.1.6. Readable SQLScript Statements. 351

· 10.2. Performance Recommendations. 352

· 10.2.1. Reducing Data Volumes. 353

· 10.2.2. Avoid Switching between Row and Column Engines. 353

· 10.2.3. Declarative Queries. 353

· 10.2.4. Scalar Functions. 353

· 10.3. Summary. 354

· 11. Tests, Errors, and Performance Analysis. 355

· 11.1. Testing SQLScript Code. 356

· 11.1.1. SQL Console. 356

· 11.1.2. Testing ABAP-Managed Database Procedure Methods. 358

· 11.1.3. SQLSCRIPT_LOGGING Library. 359

· 11.1.4. End-User Test Framework in SQLScript. 361

· 11.2. Debugger for SQLScript. 365

· 11.2.1. SQLScript Debugger in SAP HANA Studio. 366

· 11.2.2. ABAP-Managed Database Procedure Debugger in the ABAP Development Tools. 369

· 11.2.3. Debugging in the SAP HANA Database Explorer. 372

· 11.3. Performance Analysis. 374

· 11.3.1. Runtime Measurement. 374

· 11.3.2. Execution Plan. 375

· 11.3.3. Plan Visualizer. 377

· 11.3.4. SQL Analyzer of the SAP HANA Database Explorer. 384

· 11.3.5. SQLScript Code Analyzer. 386

· 11.4. Summary. 390

·. Appendices. 391

· A. Data Model for Task Management. 393

· A.1. Overview of the Tables. 393

· A.2. Data. 394

· A.3. Installation. 395

· B. List of Abbreviations. 397

· C. The Author. 399

·. Index. 401