Boullart / Jansen Reliability of Instrumentation Systems for Safeguarding & Control

Proceedings of the IFAC Workshop, Hague, Netherlands, 12-14 May 1986
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9834-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 188 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: IFAC Workshop Series

Presents and discusses the various reliability aspects of modern instrumentation systems for industrial processes, with special emphasis given to the influence of human behaviour on systems reliability. Subject areas covered include: the mathematical tools available to assess the reliability of instrumentation systems, their applications and limitations; the way in which theory is put into practice during the design of equipment; the quality control aspects of both hardware and software, and the availability of integrated systems in the field as compared with the design criteria. Actual data, test criteria and maintenance strategies are also included.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Boullart, L.

Jansen, J. P.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Reliability of Instrumentation Systems for Safeguarding and Control;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;IFAC WORKSHOP ON RELIABILITY OF INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS FOR SAFEGUARDING AND CONTROL;6
6;FOREWORD;7
7;CHAPTER 1.
INTRODUCTION TO RELIABILITY MODELING;10
7.1;INTRODUCTION;10
7.2;1. LIFETIME DISTRIBUTIONS;10
7.3;2. PART FAILURE RATES;13
7.4;3. EQUIPMENT FAILURE RATES;17
7.5;4. RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY OF SYSTEMS;23
7.6;CONCLUSION;28
7.7;REFERENCES;29
8;CHAPTER 2.
RELIABILITY OF PROCESS CONTROLSOFTWARE;30
8.1;Abstrac;30
8.2;Keywords;30
8.3;INTRODUCTION;30
8.4;LEADING MODELS;33
8.5;SOFTWARE RELIABILITY PREDICTION;36
8.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;37
8.7;REFERENCES;37
9;CHAPTER 3.
MATHEMATICAL TOOL FOR SYSTEMSRELIABILITY ANALYSIS;42
9.1;Abstract;42
9.2;Keywords;42
9.3;INTRODUCTION;42
9.4;TRADITIONAL MATHEMATICAL TOOL;42
9.5;NON-TRADITIONAL MATHEMATICAL TOOL;44
9.6;CONCLUSION;45
9.7;REFERENCES;45
10;CHAPTER 4.
HUMAN RELIABILITY CONSIDERATIONS;50
10.1;Abstract;50
10.2;Keywords;50
10.3;INTRODUCTION;50
10.4;2 - How to improve the man-machine;51
10.5;3 - Data banks;51
10.6;4 - An example of human error probabilityquantification;;53
10.7;5 - Conclusion;54
11;CHAPTER 5. RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMS CONTAINING COMPLEX CONTROL LOOPS;56
11.1;Abstract;56
11.2;Keyword;56
11.3;INTRODUCTION;56
11.4;FAULT TREE CONSTRUCTION;56
11.5;QUANTIFICATION;57
11.6;COMMON MODE;57
11.7;DISCUSSION;58
11.8;CONCLUSIONS;58
11.9;REFERENCES;58
12;DISCUSSION;62
13;CHAPTER 6. METHOD FOR COMPARISON OF COMPUTERCONTROL SYSTEM STRUCTURES IN THEFUNCTIONAL-RELIABILITY ASPECT;64
13.1;Abstract;64
13.2;Keywords;64
13.3;INTRODUCTION;64
13.4;FUNCTIONAL-RELIABILITY MODELOF COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEMS;64
13.5;COMPARISON OF THE SYSTEM'S STRUCTURESON AN EXAMPLE OF THE COMPUTER CASCADE CONTROL SYSTEM;67
13.6;SUMMARY;69
13.7;REFERENCES;69
14;CHAPTER 7. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR A FAULTTOLERANT DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM;70
14.1;1. ABSTRACT;70
14.2;Keywords;70
14.3;2 . DUAL REDUNDANCY;70
14.4;3. MINIMIZING THE COMMON SECTION IN DUALREDUNDANT SYSTEMS;71
14.5;4. RELIABILITY MODELS;71
14.6;5. RELIABILITY ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION SYSTEM(RAPS);71
14.7;6. Conclusion;72
14.8;References;72
15;CHAPTER 8. RELIABLE AND INTEGER NETWORKS IN CONTROL SYSTEM;78
15.1;Abstract;78
15.2;Keywords;78
15.3;INTRODUCTION;78
15.4;DEFINITION OF A PROCESS CONTROL NETWORK AND ITS LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION;78
15.5;SELECTION CRITERIA FOR CABLE MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SYSTEM BUS;78
15.6;MOUNTING AND LOCATION CRITERIAOF THE CONTROL SYSTEM BUS;79
15.7;USERS GUIDLINES FOR APROCESS CONTROL NETWORK;79
15.8;REFERENCES;80
16;CHAPTER 9. FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF A MICROPROCESSOR-BASED CONTROLLER TOLERATING FAILURES IN MEASURING CIRCUITS;82
16.1;Abstract;82
16.2;Keywords;82
16.3;INTRODUCTION;82
16.4;SOFTWARE FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE MICROPROCESSOR-BASED CONTROLER;82
16.5;EXAMPLE OF REALIZATION OF THEFAULT-TOLERANT CONTROL SYSTEM;84
16.6;EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF THESTRUCTURE CONFIGURATION CHANGES;85
16.7;CONCLUSIONS;87
16.8;REFERENCES;87
17;CHAPTER 10. HOW TO SPECIFY THE USER'S REQUIREMENTS TO OBTAIN AND VERIFY RELIABLE SOFTWARE FOR PROCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS;88
17.1;Abstract;88
17.2;Keywords;88
17.3;INTRODUCTION;88
17.4;METHODS FOR THE EVALUATIONOF SOFTWARE RELIABILITY;88
17.5;SPECIFIC PROBLEMS ANDMETHODS WITH RESPECT TOPROCESS CONTROL EQUIPMENT;89
17.6;SOFTWARE REDUNDANCY;90
17.7;CONCLUSIONS;90
17.8;REFERENCES;90
18;CHAPTER 11. CAN SOFTWARE RELIABILITY BE EVALUATED?;92
18.1;Abstract;92
18.2;Keywords;92
18.3;INTRODUCTION;92
18.4;RELIABILITY CONCEPTS;92
18.5;SOFTWARE CORRECTNESS;94
18.6;SOFTWARE RELIABILITY IN PRACTICE AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT;95
18.7;CONCLUSION;96
18.8;REFERENCES;96
19;CHAPTER 12.
PRACTICAL SOFTWARE RELIABILITY;98
19.1;Abstract;98
19.2;Keywords;98
19.3;INTRODUCTION;98
19.4;MEASURES OF GOODNESS;99
19.5;CONCLUSION;103
19.6;REFERENCES;103
19.7;Appendix SOFTWARE RELIABILITY MODELS;104
20;DISCUSSION;106
21;CHAPTER 13.
ANALYSING CONTROL SYSTEMS BY MEANS OFEVENT TREES;108
21.1;Abstrac;108
21.2;Keywords;108
21.3;INTRODUCTION;108
21.4;SOME GUIDELINES FOR CHOOSING AN ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE;108
21.5;FAILURE ANALYSIS OF ACONTROL SYSTEM: AN EXAMPLE;109
21.6;PRACTICAL GUIDELINES;110
21.7;CONCLUSION;110
21.8;REFERENCES;110
22;CHAPTER 14.INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM MODELS FOR COMPUTER-AIDED FAULT TREE ANALYSIS;114
22.1;Abstract;114
22.2;Keyword;114
22.3;INTRODUCTION;114
22.4;INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS CONSIDERED;114
22.5;MODULAR COMPONENT MODELS (MCMs);114
22.6;INSTRUMENTATION MCMs;115
22.7;APPLICATION EXAMPLE;115
22.8;CONCLUSIONS;115
22.9;REFERENCES;116
23;CHAPTER 15.SENSITIVITY OF ANALYSIS OF RISK FROM CHEMICAL REACTOR EXPLOSION TO DATAUSED;118
23.1;Abstract;118
23.2;Keywords;118
23.3;INTRODUCTION;118
23.4;STAGE 1 - RECOGNISE POTENTIALEXPLOSION;118
23.5;STAGE 2 - MECHANISMS FORABNORMAL REACTOR CONDITIONS;118
23.6;STAGE 3 - GAS COMPOSITIONS;119
23.7;STAGE 4 - EXPLOSIVE LIMITS;119
23.8;STAGE 5 - FREQUENCY OFEXPLOSIVE MIXTURE;119
23.9;STAGE 6 - PROBABILITY OFIGNITION;119
23.10;STAGE 7 - EXTENT OF DAMAGE;119
23.11;CONCLUSIONS;120
24;CHAPTER 16.AN ALTERNATIVE TO PRESSURE SAFETYVALVES ON OFFSHORE PLATFORMS;122
24.1;Abstract;122
24.2;Keywords;122
24.3;INTRODUCTION;122
24.4;CONVENTIONAL PROTECTION AGAINST OVERPRESSURES;122
24.5;NEW CONDITIONS OF OPERATION;123
24.6;BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR AN ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM;123
24.7;DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF THE ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM;124
24.8;RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT;125
24.9;CONCLUSION;125
24.10;REFERENCES;126
24.11;APPENDIX 2 - COMMON MODE FAILURES;126
25;CHAPTER 17.OPERATIONAL READINESS OF SAFETY SYSTEMS;128
25.1;Abstract;128
25.2;Keywords;128
25.3;INTRODUCTION;128
25.4;MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF OPERATIONAL READINESS WITHOUT REGULAR TESTING;128
25.5;SUMMARY OF OBTAINED RESULTS;132
25.6;REFERENCE;132
26;DISCUSSION;134
27;CHAPTER 18. EXPERIENCE WITH INTEGRATED CONTROL SYSTEMS;136
27.1;Abstract;136
27.2;Keywords;136
27.3;INTRODUCTION;136
27.4;RESULTS;136
27.5;C-CATESORY FAILURES;137
27.6;SPECIAL PROBLEMS;137
27.7;COMPARISON WITH MTBF FIGURES;138
27.8;ENGINEERINS;138
27.9;SOFTWAR;139
27.10;DISCUSSINO;139
28;CHAPTER 19. AIMS, TASKS AND METHOD OF ON-LINE DIAGNOSTIC OF INDUSTRIAL CONTROL SYSTEMS;140
28.1;Abstract;140
28.2;Keywords;140
28.3;INTRODUCTION;140
28.4;MODELS OF THE DIAGNOSIS OBJECTS;141
28.5;SUGGESTEDWAY OF THE DIAGNOSIS OBJECT DESCRIPTION;141
28.6;HARACTERISTIC OF APPLIED CHECKINGS;142
28.7;AN EXAMPLE OF THE SET OFCHECKINGS CHOICE;142
28.8;METHOD OF THE CHECKING'S RESULTS ANALYSIS;143
28.9;DESCRIPTION OP THE METHOD'S PROPERTIES;144
28.10;REFERENCES;145
29;CHAPTER 20. RELIABILITY GROWTH PROGRAM ENSURESHIGH AVAILABILITY FOR NEXT GENERATION INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS;146
29.1;Abstract;146
29.2;INTRODUCTION;147
29.3;BRIEF MOD 300 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION;147
29.4;RELIABILITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM;147
29.5;MOD 3 AND 30 FIELD RESULTS,RELIABILITY GROWTH AND COMPARISON TO MIL-HDBK-217 PREDICTION;148
29.6;MOD 300 SYSTEM CORRELATIONS ON RELIABILITY GROWTH , PREDICTIONS,AND TEST RESULTS;148
29.7;CONCLUSION;149
30;CHAPTER 21. APPLICATION OF AN INNOVATIVE PROCESS DIAGNOSTICS ALGORITHM TO TUBE LEAK DETECTION IN A HEAT EXCHANGER;152
30.1;Abstract;152
30.2;Keywords;152
30.3;INTRODUCTION;152
30.4;THE PROCESS AND EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS;153
30.5;EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND RESULTS;154
30.6;CONCLUSION;154
30.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;155
30.8;REFERENCES;155
31;DISCUSSION;158
32;CHAPTER 22. TREND PRESENTATION AND HUMAN'SPREDICTABILITY;160
32.1;Abstract;160
32.2;Keywords;160
32.3;INTRODUCTION;160
32.4;DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIMENTS;161
32.5;EXPERIMENT 1;162
32.6;NUMERICAL RESULTS OF EXPERIMENT 1;162
32.7;SUBJECTIVE RATINGS;163
32.8;EXPERIMENT 2;165
32.9;GENERAL REMARKS;166
32.10;REFERENCES;166
33;CHAPTER 23. RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF PROCEDURAL HUMAN ACTIVITIES: A CASE-STUDY;168
33.1;Abstract;168
33.2;Keywords;168
33.3;INTRODUCTION;168
33.4;HRA ELEMENT;168
33.5;HUMAN RELIABILITY ANALYSIS APPLIED TO THE ADJUSTING OFA SETPOINT;169
33.6;COMPARING THE CONSEQUENCES;171
33.7;DISCUSSION;172
33.8;CONCLUSION;172
33.9;REFERENCES;172
34;CHAPTER 24. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY ON RELIABILITYCONTROL OF THE COMPONENTS;174
34.1;Abstract;174
34.2;Keywords;174
34.3;THE CHANGE OF THE EVALUATION METHOD;174
34.4;CONCLUSION;176
34.5;REFERENCES;176
35;CHAPTER 25. A RELIABILITY MODEL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF HAZARDS CAUSED BY INTRINSICALLY SAFE APPARATUS;180
35.1;Abstract;180
35.2;Keywords;180
35.3;INTRODUCTION;180
35.4;PROBABILITY OF IGNITION;180
35.5;MEAN TIME BETWEEN EXPLOSIONS;181
35.6;SAFETY FACTOR;182
35.7;FINAL CONCLUSION;183
35.8;REFERENCES;183
36;DISCUSSION;184
37;AUTHOR INDEX;188