Bloom / Glade In Vitro Methods in Cell-Mediated Immunity

1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-7759-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 602 Seiten

In Vitro Methods in Cell-Mediated Immunity focuses on methods for approaching cell-mediated immune responses in vitro. This book provides, in simplified in vitro systems, a basis for understanding the mechanism of the in vivo response and discusses useful and reliable in vitro tests for cell-mediated immune responses in humans, where in vivo testing is often not possible. The topics discussed include factors and activities produced in vitro by lymphocytes; biological implications of in vitro phenomena; and requirements and prospects for improved methodology. The leucocyte migration technique for in vitro detection of cellular hypersensitivity in man; proliferation of human blood lymphocytes stimulated by antigen in vitro; and virus plaque assay for antigen-sensitive are also elaborated in this text. This publication is a good reference for microbiologist and immunologists, including medical students researching on in vitro models for cell-mediated immune reactions.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Bloom, Barry R.

Glade, Philip R.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;In Vitro Methods in Cell-Mediated Immunity;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;PARTICIPANTS;12
6;CONTRIBUTORS;16
7;PREFACE;22
8;INTRODUCTORY NOTE;24
9;SECTION A: SESSIONS;26
9.1;Session I. Methods for Study of Mediators;28
9.2;Session II. Factors and Activities Produced in Vitro By Lymphocytes;120
9.3;Session
III. Biological Implications of in Vitro Phenomena;176
9.4;Session
IV. Requirements and Prospects for Improved Methodology;230
10;SECTION B: METHODS;258
10.1;INDEX OF ASSAYS AND SPECIES;259
10.2;Chapter 1. The Assay of Inhibition of Macrophage Migration and the Production of Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) and Skin Reactive Factor (SRF) in the Guinea Pig;260
10.2.1;I. Materials and Equipment;260
10.2.2;II. Method;261
10.2.3;III. Preparation of Migration Inhibitory Factor from Peritoneal Lymphocytes;266
10.2.4;IV. Preparation of Skin Reactive Factor;269
10.2.5;References;271
10.3;Chapter
2. Assay for Inhibition of Macrophage Migration;274
10.3.1;I. Materials & Equipment;275
10.3.2;II. Methods;276
10.4;Chapter
3. The "Migration-on-Agar" Technique for Measurement of Lymphocyte-Macrophage Interactions Associated With Delayed Hypersensitivity;284
10.4.1;I. Materials & Equipment;284
10.4.2;II. Methods;285
10.4.3;References;286
10.5;Chapter
4. In Vitro Technique of the Cell Migration from the Spleen and/or Artificial Fragments;288
10.5.1;I. EQUIPMENT;289
10.5.2;II. CULTURE MEDIA AND SUPPLEMENTS;290
10.5.3;III. PREPARATION OF SPLEEN FRAGMENTS;290
10.5.4;IV. CULTIVATION OF SPLEEN FRAGMENTS;291
10.5.5;V. EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS;291
10.5.6;VI. CALCULATION OF THE CYTOTOXIC INDEX (C.I.);292
10.5.7;VII. METHOD UTILIZING ARTIFICIAL FRAGMENTS;292
10.5.8;COMMENTS;293
10.5.9;NOTES;295
10.5.10;References;296
10.5.11;FOOTNOTES;297
10.6;Chapter
5. The Capillary Tube Migration Inhibition Technique Applied to Human Peripheral Lymphocytes Using the Guinea Pig Peritoneal Exudate as the Indicator Cell Population;298
10.6.1;I. Materials & Equipment;298
10.6.2;II. Methodology;299
10.6.3;References;304
10.7;Chapter
6. Method for the Production of MIF by Human Blood Lymphocytes;306
10.7.1;I. Materials and Equipment;306
10.7.2;II. Preparation of Lymphocytes;307
10.7.3;Critical Comments;311
10.7.4;References;312
10.8;Chapter
7. The Leucocyte Migration Technique for in Vitro Detection of Cellular Hypersensitivity in Man;314
10.8.1;I. Materials and Equipment;314
10.8.2;II. Methods;315
10.8.3;Critical Comments;317
10.8.4;References;319
10.9;Chapter
8. In Vitro Assay for Inhibition of Migration of Human Blood Leucocytes;322
10.9.1;I. Materials;322
10.9.2;II. Method;323
10.9.3;Critical Comments;324
10.9.4;References;325
10.10;Chapter
9. The Capillary Technique for Measurement of Inhibition of Leucocyte Migration: An Assessment of Cell-Mediated Immunity;326
10.10.1;I. Materials & Equipment;326
10.10.2;II. Methods;327
10.10.3;Critical Comments;330
10.10.4;References;330
10.11;Chapter 10. The Use of Cultured Lymphoid Cells as Target Cells for the Detection of Migration Inhibitory Factor;332
10.11.1;I. Materials and Equipment;332
10.11.2;II. Methods;334
10.11.3;Critical Comments;336
10.11.4;References;337
10.12;Chapter 11. An in Vitro Test for Delayed Hypersensitivity: Macrophage Spreading Inhibition (M.S.I.);338
10.12.1;I. Materials and Equipment;338
10.12.2;II. Methods;340
10.12.3;References;342
10.13;Chapter
12. The Technique for Observation of Migration and Aggregation of Human Blood Macrophages;344
10.13.1;I. Materials;344
10.13.2;II. Methods;345
10.13.3;III. Modified Method for Observation of Macrophage Aggregation;348
10.13.4;Critical Comments;349
10.13.5;References;350
10.14;Chapter
13. The in Vitro Macrophage Aggregation Assay for Delayed Hypersensitivity;352
10.14.1;I. Materials & Equipment;352
10.14.2;II. Preparation of Method;353
10.14.3;Critical Comments;355
10.14.4;References;356
10.15;Chapter
14. Lymphocyte Activation and Lymphotoxin Production;358
10.15.1;I. Materials and Equipment;358
10.15.2;II. Preparation of Lymphotoxin;360
10.15.3;III. Assay System;363
10.15.4;Critical Comments;366
10.16;Chapter 15. Determination of Lymphocyte-Mediated Cytotoxicity by Release of Radioactivity from 14C-Thymidine Labelled Cells;368
10.16.1;I. Materials and Equipment;369
10.16.2;II. Method;371
10.16.3;References;376
10.17;Chapter
16. A Simplified Assay for the Cytotoxic Activity (Lymphotoxin) of Lymphocyte Culture Supernatants;378
10.17.1;I. Materials & Equipment;378
10.17.2;II. Preparation of Assay Method;379
10.17.3;III. Sample Calcuation;381
10.17.4;Critical Comments;382
10.17.5;References;383
10.18;Chapter 17. 51Cr-Release from Chicken Erythrocytes: An Assay System for Measuring the Cytotoxic Activity of 'Nonspecifically' Activated Lymphocytes in Vitro;386
10.18.1;I. Materials and Equipment;386
10.18.2;II. Method;388
10.18.3;References;393
10.19;Chapter
18. In Vitro Assay of Target Cell Lysis by Sensitized Lymphocytes;394
10.19.1;I. Materials and Methods;394
10.19.2;References;397
10.20;Chapter
19. The Technique of Clonal Inhibition: A Quantitative Assay for Human Lymphotoxin Activity;400
10.20.1;I. Materials & Equipment;400
10.20.2;II. Methodology;401
10.20.3;References;404
10.21;Chapter 20. Production and Assay of a Lymphocyte Derived 'Proliferation Inhibitory Factor' (PIF);406
10.21.1;I, Materials & Equipment;407
10.21.2;II. Preparation of Methods;412
10.21.3;III. Assay Systems;416
10.21.4;Critical Comments;421
10.21.5;References;424
10.22;Chapter
21. Coulter Counter Evaluation of the Death of Fibroblasts Mediated by Sensitized Lymphocytes in the Presence of Specific Antigen;426
10.22.1;I. Materials 6e Equipment;426
10.22.2;II. Fibroblast Maintenance;427
10.22.3;III. Preparation of sensitized lymphocytes and confrontation with target fibroblasts;429
10.22.4;IV. Preparation of cytotoxic factor and addition to target cells;430
10.22.5;V. Evaluation of fibroblast survival with the Counter Counter;430
10.22.6;Critical Comments;431
10.22.7;References;432
10.23;Chapter
22. Colony Inhibition and Cytotoxicity Assays;434
10.23.1;I. Method for colony inhibition test;434
10.23.2;III. Test for humoral cytotoxic antibody;435
10.23.3;III. Test for lymphocyte mediated cellular immunity;436
10.23.4;IV. Test for serum blocking factors abrogatingly mphocyte mediated cellular immunity;437
10.23.5;V. Cytotoxicity tests using Falcon #3040 microtest plates;438
10.24;Chapter
23. The Methodology of Microassay for Cell-Mediated Immunity (MCI);440
10.24.1;I. Materials and Equipment;440
10.24.2;II. Methods;442
10.24.3;Critical Comments;446
10.24.4;References;447
10.25;Chapter
24. The Demonstration of Lymphocyte Mitogenic Factor in the Guinea Pig;448
10.25.1;I. Materials and Equipment;448
10.25.2;II. Methods;450
10.25.3;Critical Comments;456
10.25.4;References;457
10.26;Chapter
25. Preparation and Assay of Mouse Mitogenic Factors;458
10.26.1;I. Materials & Equipment;458
10.26.2;II. Preparation of Method;459
10.26.3;Critical Comments;462
10.26.4;References;463
10.27;Chapter
26. The Preparation of a Lymphocyte Transforming Factor from Sensitive Lymphocytes Stimulated by Antigen;466
10.27.1;I. Materials and Methods;466
10.27.2;References;467
10.28;Chapter
27. Lymphocyte Transformation: The Proliferation of Human Blood Lymphocytes Stimulated by Antigen in Vitro;468
10.28.1;I. Materials & Equipment;469
10.28.2;II. Methodology;471
10.28.3;Critical Comments;475
10.28.4;References;478
10.29;Chapter
28. An Assay of Lymphocyte Blastogenesis Based on Measurement of the Rate of Protein Synthesis;480
10.29.1;I. Materials and Equipment;480
10.29.2;II. Preparation of Cell Suspension;481
10.29.3;Ill .The Assay System;482
10.29.4;IV. Preparation and Labelling of the Cultures;482
10.29.5;V. Termination of Labelling and Measurement of Isotope Incorporation;483
10.29.6;Critical Comments;484
10.29.7;References;485
10.30;Chapter
29. Leucocyte Culture Methodology: Production and Assay of Soluble Factors;488
10.30.1;I. Materials 6e Equipment;488
10.30.2;II. Methods;490
10.30.3;References;497
10.31;Chapter
30. Preparation and Assay of an Inhibitor of DNA Synthesis and a Nonspecific Mitogen Elaborated;500
10.31.1;I. Materials & Equipment;500
10.31.2;II. Preparation and Assay Methods;501
10.31.3;Critical Comments;504
10.32;Chapter
31. Assays for Chemotactic Factors;506
10.32.1;I. Materials & Equipment;507
10.32.2;II. Preparation of Indicator Cells;507
10.32.3;Ill .Assay System;508
10.32.4;Critical Comments;509
10.32.5;References;511
10.33;Chapter
32. A Plaque Inhibition Assay for Human Interferon Employing Human Neonate Skin Fibroblast Monolayers and Bovine Vesicular Stomatitis Virus;514
10.33.1;I. Materials and Equipment;514
10.33.2;II. Preparation of Human Fibroblast Monolayers;516
10.33.3;III. Preparation of Standard Interferon and Assay Plate Monolayers;517
10.33.4;IV. Human Interfer on Assay Systems Employing Fibro blast Monolayers and Bovine Vesicular Stomatitis Virus;518
10.33.5;Critical Comments;519
10.33.6;References;522
10.34;Chapter
33. Production and Assay of Human Lymphocyte Interferon Induced by Antigens;526
10.34.1;I. Materials & Equipment;526
10.34.2;II. Methods;529
10.34.3;Critical Comments;536
10.34.4;References;537
10.35;Chapter
34. In Vitro Production and Assessment of Activity of Skin Reactive Factors Released by Lymphoid Cells and Associated with Cellular Immunity;540
10.35.1;I. Materials and Equipment;540
10.35.2;II. Preparation of Method;544
10.35.3;Critical Comments;552
10.35.4;References;555
10.36;Chapter
35. The Preparation and Purification of Transfer Factor;556
10.36.1;Methods;557
10.36.2;References;570
10.37;Chapter
36. Conversion of Nonsensitive Lymph Node Cell Populations to Sensitive Cells with an RNA-Extract;572
10.37.1;I. Materials and Equipment;572
10.37.2;II. Methodology;573
10.37.3;References;576
10.38;Chapter
37. Virus Plaque Assay for Antigen-Sensitive Cells in Delayed Hypersensitivity;578
10.38.1;I. Materials and Equipment;578
10.38.2;I. Miscellaneous equipment;580
10.38.3;II. Preparation of Lymphocytes from Sensitized Human Donors;580
10.38.4;III. Preparation of Cells from Tuberculin Sensitive Guinea Pi£S;580
10.38.5;IV. Virus Plaque Assay;581
10.38.6;References;584
10.39;Chapter
38. Preparation and Care of Established Human Lymphoid Cell Lines;586
10.39.1;I. Materials 6e Equipment;587
10.39.2;II. Preparation and Method;588
10.39.3;Critical Comments;593
10.39.4;References;595
11;APPENDIX TABLES;596
12;ABBREVIATIONS;600
13;INDEX OF PARTICIPANTS;602

Leseproben

CONTRIBUTORS

William H. Adler,     Tumor Biology Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32601

H. Bach and Fritz,     Departments of Medical Genetics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin

A.C. Bausher and Judith,     Tumor Biology Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32601

Boyce Bennett,     Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461

Barry R. Bloom,     Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461

Susan Westerman Broder,     Westerman Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029

K. Theodore Brunner,     Department of Immunology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland

Jean-Charles Cerottini,     Department of Immunology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland

Lawrence Chessin,     Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, New York

Sidney R. Cooperband,     Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118

John R. David,     Robert B. Brigham Hospital, 125 Parker Hill Road, Boston, Massachusetts 02115

Roberta David,     Robert B. Brigham Hospital, 125 Parker Hill Road, Boston, Massachusetts 02115

Dragan Dekaris,     Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur, 92 Garches, France

Sheldon Dray,     Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612

Dudley C. Dumonde,     Division of Immunology, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Hammersmith W6, London, England

Rudolf E. Falk,     Department of Surgery, Toronto University Medical School, Toronto 181, Canada

Robert M. Fauve,     Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur, 92 Garches, France

Philip R. Glade,     Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029

Samuel P. Gotoff,     Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612

Gale A. Granger,     Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92664

Jon A. Green,     Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118

Harold Grotsky,     Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029

Robert J. Hartzman,     Departments of Medical Genetics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin

Ingegerd Hellström,     Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105

Karl Erik Hellström,     Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105

Kurt Hirschhorn,     Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029

Göran Holm,     Department of Immunology, The Wenner-Gren Institute, University of Stockholm, Norrtullsgatan 16, S 11345, Stockholm, Sweden

Luis Jimenez,     Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461

Jir?í Johanovský,     Research Institute of Immunology, 108 West Pieck Street, Praha 10, Czechoslovakia

Eva Klein,     Department of Tumor Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 60, Sweden

William P. Kolb,     Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92664

Jan Krejc,     Research Institute of Immunology, 108 West Pieck Street, Praha 10, Czechoslovakia

H. Sherwood Lawrence,     Infectious Disease and Immunology Division, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016

Arthur S. Lebowitz,     Infectious Disease and Immunology Division, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016

Somsak Lolekha,     Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612

Thomas C. Merigan,     Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305

Jane Nishio,     Department of Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Barbro Nordqvist,     Department of Dermatology, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden

Jan Pekárek,     Research Institute of Immunology, 108 West Pieck Street, Praha 10, Czechoslovakia

Hedvig Perlmann,     Department of Immunology, The Wenner-Gren Institute, University of Stockholm, Norrtullsgatan 16, S 113 45, Stockholm, Sweden

Peter Perlmann,     Department of Immunology, The Wenner-Gren Institute, University of Stockholm, Norrtullsgatan 16, S 113 45, Stockholm, Sweden

Edgar Pick,     Department of Immunology, Institute of Dermatology, University of London, London E9, England

Ross E. Rocklin,     Robert B. Brigham Hospital, 125 Parker Hill Road, Boston, Massachusetts 02115

Hans Rorsman,     Department of Dermatology, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden

Steven A. Rosenberg,     Robert B. Brigham Hospital, 125 Parker Hill Road, Boston, Massachusetts 02115

Nancy H. Ruddle,     Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

Samuel B. Salvin,     Department of Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Richard T. Smith,     Tumor Biology Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32601

Mogens S?borg,     Epidemiological Department, Blegdamshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

Linda Stein,     Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461

Jan Svejcar,     Research Institute of Immunology, 108 West Pieck Street, Praha 10, Czechoslovakia

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