Black Mechanical Technology for Higher Engineering Technicians

1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4831-8660-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 358 Seiten, Web PDF

Mechanical Technology for Higher Engineering Technicians deals with the mechanics of machines, thermodynamics, and mechanics of fluids. This book presents discussions and examples that deal with the strength of materials, technology of machines, and techniques used by professional engineers. The book explains the strain energy of torsion, coil springs, and the effects of axial load. The author also discusses the forces that produce bending, shearing, and bending combined with direct stress, as well as beams subjected to a uniform bending moment or simply supported beams with concentrated non-central load. The author explains the equations to determine force in shear stress resulting from a tensile load or how to determine maximum shear stress. He explains Poisson's Ratio, the Mohr Circle, and the theories of Coulomb, Tresca, and Guest. He discusses fluid mechanics, combustion, heat transfer, and troboengineering. He points out that friction between two surfaces causes heat: to avoid the rise in temperature, the two surfaces can be 1) separated with the use of lubricants or bearings, or 2) use of low friction materials. He also discusses the equations used for proportional control, derivative control, and integral control. This book is intended for candidates at the HNC in Mechanical Engineering for qualification as engineering technicians.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Black, Peter

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Mechanical Technology for Higher Engineering Technicians;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;PREFACE;8
6;THE ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN;10
7;THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF METRIC UNITS;11
8;SOME CONVERSION FACTORS;15
9;CHAPTER 1. TORSION;16
9.1;STRAIN ENERGY OF TORSION;18
9.2;COIL SPRINGS;19
9.3;EXAMPLES 1;25
10;CHAPTER 2. BENDING;26
10.1;FORCE PRODUCING BENDING AND SHEAR;26
10.2;SIMPLE BENDING;26
10.3;RELATION BETWEEN w, F AND .;30
10.4;BENDING COMBINED WITH DIRECT STRESS;36
10.5;SECTION MODULUS;37
10.6;HORIZONTAL CANTILEVER WITH CONCENTRATED LOAD AT FREE END;40
10.7;HORIZONTAL CANTILEVER WITH UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD;42
10.8;SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM WITH CONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTRE;43
10.9;SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM WITH UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD;45
10.10;BEAM SUBJECTED TO A UNIFORM BENDING MOMENT;47
10.11;SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM WITH CONCENTRATED NON-CENTRAL LOAD;48
10.12;LEAF SPRINGS;51
10.13;CURVATURE;52
10.14;MULTI-LEAF SPRING;53
10.15;QUARTER ELLIPTIC SPRING;55
10.16;STRAIN ENERGY OF BENDING;56
10.17;SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM WITH CONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTRE;57
10.18;CANTILEVER WITH UNIFORM LOAD;58
10.19;THE FIRST THEOREM OF CASTIGLIANO;61
10.20;HORIZONTAL CANTILEVER WITH CONCENTRATED LOAD AT FREE END;62
10.21;SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM LOADED AS IN FIGURE 55;63
10.22;SHEAR STRESS DUE TO BENDING;64
10.23;RECTANGULAR SECTION;66
10.24;I-SECTION;66
10.25;SOLID CIRCULAR SECTION;68
10.26;EXAMPLES 2;69
11;CHAPTER 3. COMPLEX STRESS;71
11.1;SHEAR STRESS RESULTING FROM A TENSILE LOAD;71
11.2;COMPLEMENTARY SHEAR;72
11.3;VOLUMETRIC STRAIN;73
11.4;POISSON'S RATIO;75
11.5;THE RELATION BETWEEN THE ELASTIC CONSTANTS;77
11.6;PRINCIPAL PLANES AND STRESSES;79
11.7;MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS;83
11.8;THE MÖHR CIRCLE;85
11.9;SIMPLE THEORY OF ELASTIC FAILURE;88
11.10;MAXIMUM PRINCIPAL STRESS THEORY (RANKINE);89
11.11;MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS THEORY (COULOMB, TRESCA AND GUEST);89
11.12;COMBINED BENDING AND TORSION;90
11.13;EQUIVALENT TORQUE;91
11.14;EXAMPLES 3;94
12;CHAPTER 4. STRUTS AND CYLINDERS;96
12.1;CRITICAL VALUE OF AXIAL LOAD;96
12.2;RANKINE–GORDON FORMULA;101
12.3;THICK CYLINDER UNDER PRESSURE;102
12.4;SOLID SHAFT UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE;107
12.5;THIN CYLINDERS SUBJECT TO INTERNAL PRESSURE;108
12.6;THIN CYLINDER SUBJECT TO ROTATION;109
12.7;CHANGE IN VOLUME OF A THIN CYLINDER UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE;111
12.8;EXAMPLES 4;114
13;CHAPTER 5. DYNAMICS;116
13.1;FUNDAMENTALS;116
13.2;GYROSCOPIC EFFECTS;118
13.3;ACCELERATION OF A TRAIN OF GEARS;122
13.4;EPICYCLIC GEARS;126
13.5;BALANCING;132
13.6;EXAMPLES 5;139
14;CHAPTER 6. MECHANISMS;142
14.1;THE VELOCITY DIAGRAM;142
14.2;THE ACCELERATION DIAGRAM;153
14.3;EXAMPLES 6;165
15;CHAPTER 7. FLUID MECHANICS;168
15.1;INTRODUCTION;168
15.2;Definitions;168
15.3;Effect of Depth on Pressure;169
15.4;Force on a Submerged Plane Surface;169
15.5;Centre of Pressure;170
15.6;Force on a Submerged Curved Surface;175
15.7;Hydrostatic Head and Energy;179
15.8;Steady Flow and Kinetic Energy;180
15.9;Viscosity;184
15.10;Dynamic Viscosity;184
15.11;Kinematic Viscosity;185
15.12;Velocity Gradient;186
15.13;Reynolds Number;187
15.14;Steady Laminar Flow along a Uniform Pipe;188
15.15;Conversion of Units of Dynamic Viscosity;191
15.16;Steady Turbulent Flow along a Uniform Pipe;192
15.17;The Darcy Formula;193
15.18;Steady Flow through a Sudden Increase in Section;196
15.19;Steady Flow through a Sudden Reduction in Section;197
15.20;EXAMPLES 7;203
16;CHAPTER 8. COMBUSTION AND HEAT TRANSFER;204
16.1;CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS;204
16.2;PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOUR OF GASES;206
16.3;HEAT TRANSFER;241
16.4;EXAMPLES 8;255
17;CHAPTER 9. TRIBOENGINEERING;257
17.1;FRICTION BETWEEN TWO ANNULAR SURFACES;262
17.2;FRICTION BETWEEN TWO CONICAL SURFACES;266
17.3;THE CENTRIFUGALLY ACTUATED CLUTCH;267
17.4;BELT DRIVES;269
17.5;LUBRICATION;278
17.6;LUBRICANTS;282
17.7;EXAMPLES 9;290
18;CHAPTER 10. VIBRATION;293
18.1;TORSIONAL VIBRATION;297
18.2;FLEXURAL VIBRATION;301
18.3;CRITICAL (WHIRLING) SPEED OF A SHAFT;308
18.4;VISCOUS DAMPING;312
18.5;FORCED VIBRATION WITH VISCOUS DAMPING;316
18.6;EXAMPLES 10;327
19;CHAPTER 11. CONTROL;329
19.1;GENERAL;329
19.2;CLOSED LOOP CONTROL;329
19.3;FEEDBACK;330
19.4;OPEN LOOP CONTROL;330
19.5;AMPLIFICATION;331
19.6;THE TRANSDUCER;331
19.7;THE BLOCK DIAGRAM;331
19.8;LAG IN RESPONSE;333
19.9;TYPES OF INPUT;333
19.10;STEP FUNCTION POSITION INPUT;333
19.11;DAMPING;334
19.12;PROPORTIONAL CONTROL;334
19.13;RAMP FUNCTION POSITION INPUT;337
19.14;EFFECT ON POSITIONAL LAG OF UNIFORM LOAD TORQUE;339
19.15;VELOCITY FEEDBACK;339
19.16;ERROR RATE DAMPING (DERIVATIVE CONTROL)— PHASE ADVANCE NETWORK;341
19.17;INTEGRAL CONTROL;344
19.18;SUMMARY;346
20;Appendices;348
20.1;1. NOTES ON METHODS OF ASSESSING POWER OUTPUT FOR I.C. MOTORS PRIOR TO THE INTRODUCTION OF SI;348
20.2;2. DIMENSIONS;350
20.3;3. SOME BOOKS FOR FURTHER READING;351
20.4;4. SOME MORE CONVERSION FACTORS;352
20.5;5. A FEW INTERESTING DATES;354
20.6;6. THE 0.1 PER CENT PROOF STRESS FOR A FEW MATERIALS;355
20.7;7. INTERNATIONAL PAPER SIZES;356
20.8;8. VALUES OF eµ.;357
20.9;9. SOME NOTES ON PROPORTION;358
21;INDEX;360