Bendich / Deckelbaum Preventive Nutrition

The Comprehensive Guide for Health Professionals
3rd Auflage 2005
ISBN: 978-1-59259-880-9
Verlag: Humana Press
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 984 Seiten, eBook

Reihe: Nutrition and Health

In this major revision and expansion of a highly respected reference work, the authors have created the most comprehensive and up-to-date review of the nutritional strategies available for the prevention of disease and the promotion of health through nutrition. This new edition combines fully updated versions of the best chapters of the first two editions with updated critical chapters from the much-praised Primary and Secondary Preventive Nutrition, and adds 16 new chapters. Here, practicing health professionals will find all new reviews of lycopene, tomatoes and prostate cancer, soy and cancer prevention; the effects of dietary supplement use on prescription drugs, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease; balanced, data-driven reviews of the effects of antioxidant supplements on health outcomes, and more. By synthesizing the latest data and integrating it into the broad body of existing information, this book provides in-depth guidance on nutrition and the prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, bone diseases, obesity, and diabetes, and on achieving optimal pregnancies and birth outcomes.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Bendich, Adrianne

Deckelbaum, Richhard J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preventive Nutrition Overview.- Preventive Nutrition.- Cancer Prevention.- Prevention of Cancers of the Esophagus and Stomach.- Non-Nutritive Components in Foods as Modifiers of the Cancer Process.- Dietary Supplements and Cancer Risk.- Soy Consumption and Cancer Prevention.- Tomato, Lycopene, and Prostate Cancer.- Cardiovascular Disease Prevention.- Iron and Heart Disease.- Homocysteine, Folic Acid, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk.- n-3 Fatty Acids from Fish and Plants.- Antioxidant Vitamin Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease.- Health Effects of Trans Fatty Acids.- Diabetes and Obesity.- Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Childhood and Adolescence.- Prevention of Pediatric Obesity.- Can Childhood Obesity Be Prevented?.- Obesity and Chronic Disease.- Bone Diseases.- Osteoarthritis.- Calcium Requirements During Treatment of Osteoporosis in Women.- Osteoporosis.- Prevention of Major Disabilities: Improvement In Health Outcomes.- Antioxidant Status and Risk for Cataract.- Antioxidant Nutrients and Prevention of Oxidant-Mediated Diseases.- Nutritional Supplements and Upper Respiratory Tract Illnesses in Young Children in the United States.- Micronutrients and Immunity in Older People.- Vitamin A and the Prevention of Morbidity, Mortality, and Blindness.- Optimal Pregnancy/Infancy Outcomes.- Folic Acid-Containing Multivitamins and Primary Prevention of Birth Defects.- Maternal Nutrition and Preterm Delivery.- Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Optimal Neurodevelopment.- Micronutrient Deficiencies and Maternal Thinness.- Preventive Nutrition: Global Perspectives.- Potential Benefits of Preventive Nutrition Strategies.- Nutrition and Food Policy in Norway.- Prevention of Malnutrition in Chile.- Effect of Westernization of Nutritional Habits on Obesity Prevalence inLatin America.- Effects of Western Diet on Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases in Asia.- Critical Issues for the 21st Century.- Alcohol.- Influence of Medication on Nutritional Status.- Health Claims for Foods and Dietary Supplements.- Teaching Preventive Nutrition in Medical Schools.- Preventive Nutrition Throughout the Life Cycle.

Leseproben

"3. CANCER OF THE STOMACH (p. 34-35)

A steady decline in gastric cancer has been apparent in many countries for the past several decades. The declining rates were first noted in the United States as early as 1930 (105) and have persisted into this century (1). Survival rates have not appreciably changed (1,106); therefore, the decline in deaths cannot be attributed to better treatment and prolonged survival but, rather, to actual declines in incidence that are now well-documented (107).

This decline, which is believed to reflect changes in environmental factors, has been referred to as an “unplanned triumph,” because the shifts did not result from active medical or public health intervention and are believed to have resulted from large shifts in food processing and consumption (108) as well as a declining prevalence of H. pylori infection. It should be noted that the increase in esophageal adenocarcinoma that was documented in the previous section does include an increase in adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction and gastric cardia.

3.1. Histological Types

Adenocarcinomas account for more than 97% of gastric cancers, and studies of etiology are generally limited to this histological type (109). Building on an earlier observation that gastric carcinomas were often accompanied by features found in intestinal epithelium (110), Lauren (111) proposed a classification of adenocarcinomas into two subtypes: “intestinal” and “diffuse.”

Many, but not all, tumors can be classified into one of these subtypes, because some tumors contain characteristics of both types and others contain characteristics of neither. Diffuse carcinomas, sometimes referred to as “endemic,” tend to occur with similar frequency worldwide, whereas the distribution of intestinal, or “epidemic,” type of carcinomas tends to parallel the distribution of overall gastric cancer rates (i.e., this type is relatively more common in areas with high rates and lower where gastric cancer rates are low) (112).

3.2. Risk Factors

3.2.1. H. PYLORI

Spiral-shaped bacteria in contact with gastric mucosa were first reported by Pel about 100 yr ago (113) and were ignored for the following 90 yr. In 1984, Marshall and Warren (114) reported isolating these bacteria in cultures of biopsies taken from patients with gastritis and peptic ulcers who were undergoing endoscopy. By 1994, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, had determined that infection with H. pylori is carcinogenic to humans, and declared it a Group I carcinogen based on the large body of research developed during the 11-yr period (115). H. pylori infection is one of the most prevalent infections worldwide, with a range of 20 to 40% in developed countries and a range as high as 70 to 90% in some developing countries (116,117)."