Becker / Runesson Mark and Matthew I

Comparative Readings: Understanding the Earliest Gospels in their First Century Settings
1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-3-16-151560-6
Verlag: Mohr Siebeck
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, Band 271, 500 Seiten

Reihe: Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

The study of Mark and Matthew from a comparative perspective has a long history. Ever since the theory of Markan priority became firmly established in the 19th century however, many studies, especially commentaries on either Mark or Matthew, make observations related primarily to one of the Gospels only. Thus the most frequent result of studying Mark and Matthew is that one Gospel is overshadowed by the other. This collection of papers employs a sustained multiperspectival comparative approach which contributes simultaneously to the synoptic problem discourse and sheds light on the individual Gospels in their first century setting(s), a procedure that reveals new questions and discoveries. This highlights new aspects of the Gospels which are critical for our understanding of the rise and development of Gospel literature in the first century C.E. Contributors: Barbara Aland, David E. Aune, Wayne Baxter, Eve-Marie Becker, Cilliers Breytenbach, Warren Carter, Sean Freyne, Morten Hørning Jensen, John S. Kloppenborg, Stanley E. Porter, Anders Runesson, David C. Sim, Lorenzo Scornaienchi, Tommy Wasserman, Oda Wischmeyer, Adela Yarbro Collins, Linden Youngquist

Autoren/Hrsg.

Becker, Eve-Marie

Runesson, Anders

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Christentum, Christliche Theologie Bibelwissenschaften Neues Testament: Exegese, Geschichte

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;Preface;6
3;Table of Contents;8
4;Eve-Marie Becker and Anders Runesson: Introduction: Studying Mark and Matthew in Comparative Perspective;12
4.1;1. To Compare Is to See Anew;12
4.2;2. Outline and Contributions;13
4.3;3. Résumé and Prospect;20
5;1. History of Research;22
5.1;Cilliers Breytenbach: Current Research on the Gospel according to Mark: A Report on Monographs Published from 2000–2009;24
5.1.1;1. Methodological Issues;24
5.1.2;2. Traditions in Mark’s Gospel;28
5.1.3;3. On the Text of Mark;30
5.1.4;4. Mark as Narrative;31
5.1.5;5. Mark as Genre and Genres in Mark;32
5.1.6;6. The Date and Origin of Mark’s Gospel;34
5.1.7;7. Markan Topics;36
5.1.7.1;7.1. Discipleship;36
5.1.7.2;7.2. Soteriology;37
5.1.7.3;7.3. Theology and Eschatology;38
5.1.7.4;7.4. Mark and History;39
5.1.7.5;7.5. Studies on Individual Sections and Specific Topics;40
5.1.8;8. Mark in his Contemporary Context;41
5.1.9;9. Matthew and Mark;42
5.1.10;10. Summary;42
5.2;David C. Sim Matthew: The Current State of Research;44
5.2.1;1. Introduction;44
5.2.2;2. Matthew’s Relationship to Judaism;47
5.2.3;3. Matthew and the Gentile World;52
5.2.4;4. The Gospel of Matthew in Its Christian Context;54
5.2.5;5. Matthew and the Roman World;57
5.2.6;6. Authorship, Date, and Location;58
5.2.7;7. Methods;59
5.2.8;8. The Future of Matthean Studies;61
6;2. Reconstructing the Artifacts: Text-Critical and Linguistic Aspects of the Study of Mark and Matthew;64
6.1;Barbara Aland: Was heißt Abschreiben? Neue Entwicklungen in der Textkritik und ihre Konsequenzen für die Überlieferungsgeschichte der frühesten christlichen Verkündigung;66
6.1.1;1. Eine neue Entwicklung der neutestamentlichen Textkritik: Die Kohärenzbasierte genealogische Methode (CBGM);66
6.1.1.1;1.1. Vorbemerkung;66
6.1.1.2;1.2. Die Grundprinzipien der Kohärenzbasierten genealogischen Methode (CBGM);68
6.1.1.3;1.3. Die textkritischen Verbesserungen der Kohärenzbasierten genealogischen Methode;70
6.1.1.3.1;1.3.1 Die Neubestimmung des „äußeren Kriteriums";70
6.1.1.3.2;1.3.2 Kohärenzprüfung am Beispiel;71
6.1.1.4;1.4. Übergreifende Ergebnisse und Konsequenzen für die historische Arbeit Was heißt: Ein Text wird abgeschrieben?;75
6.1.2;2. Andere textkritische Neuansätze: Bart D. Ehrman und David C. Parker;79
6.1.2.1;2.1. Bart D. Ehrman;79
6.1.2.2;2.2. David C. Parker;85
6.2;Tommy Wasserman: The Implications of Textual Criticism for Understanding the ‘Original Text’;88
6.2.1;1. The State of the “Original Text” in the Current Debate;88
6.2.2;2. The Contribution of the Early Papyri of the Gospels to Textual Criticism;92
6.2.3;3. The Tenacity of the Textual Tradition;96
6.2.4;4. Patristic Citations;98
6.2.5;5. Harmonization;101
6.2.6;6. Harmonization and Recension;103
6.2.7;7. Authorial Style and Theology;106
6.2.8;8. Conclusions;106
6.3;Stanley E. Porter: Matthew and Mark: The Contribution of Recent Linguistic Thought;108
6.3.1;1. Introduction;108
6.3.2;2. Previous Research on the Linguistic Character of Matthew and Mark;110
6.3.3;3. Linguistic Insights into Mark and Matthew;115
6.3.3.1;3.1. Lexical Semantics;116
6.3.3.2;3.2. Grammatical (Morphological) Semantics;120
6.3.3.2.1;3.2.1. Verbal Semantics;120
6.3.3.2.2;3.2.2. Case Semantics;122
6.3.3.3;3.3. Syntactical Semantics;123
6.3.3.3.1;3.3.1. Word Group;123
6.3.3.3.2;3.3.2. Clauses and Clause Complexes;124
6.3.3.4;3.4. Pragmatics;125
6.3.3.5;3.5. Discourse;127
6.3.4;4. Conclusion;129
7;3. Date and Genre;132
7.1;Eve-Marie Becker: Dating Mark and Matthew as Ancient Literature;134
7.1.1;1. Dating Ancient Literature – Methodology and Heuristics;134
7.1.2;2. Dating Ancient Literary Texts – Criteriological Remarks;137
7.1.2.1;2.1. Finding an ‘absolute’ dating (= terminus post quem and terminus ad quem);137
7.1.2.2;2.2. Finding a ‘relative’ chronology;139
7.1.2.3;2.3. Results: Finding an absolute dating and a ‘relative’ chronology;140
7.1.3;3. Dating Mark and Matthew comparatively;140
7.1.3.1;3.1. Finding an absolute dating – The question of the terminus post quem;140
7.1.3.1.1;3.1.1. ‘Level of narration’ and ‘level of composition ’‘Level of narration’ in and beyond Mark 13par. Matt 24;141
7.1.3.1.2;3.1.2. ‘Level of reference’ and ‘the narrator’s perspective’;143
7.1.3.2;3.2. Mark 9:1par. and Mark 13:30par. as evidence for an ad quem-dating?;151
7.1.3.3;3.3. Finding a relative chronology – Questions of ‘Literarkritik’ and source criticism;153
7.1.3.4;3.4. Conclusions;154
7.2;David E. Aune: Genre Theory and the Genre-Function of Mark and Matthew;156
7.2.1;1. Introduction;156
7.2.2;2. The Beginnings of Genre Criticism in Biblical Studies;158
7.2.3;3. Relevant Aspects of Modern Genre Theory for the Toolkits of New Testament Scholars;160
7.2.4;4. Paratextual Features of the Gospels;164
7.2.4.1;4.1. Introduction;164
7.2.4.2;4.2. Subscriptiones and Superscriptiones;164
7.2.4.3;4.3. The Title of Mark;172
7.2.5;5. The Genre-Function of Mark;174
7.2.5.1;5.1. Genre-Salient Features;174
7.2.5.2;5.2. The Macro-Genre of Mark;177
7.2.5.3;5.3. Mark as a Parody of Biography;178
7.2.6;6. The Genre Function of Matthew;181
7.2.6.1;6.1. Matthew’s Transformation of Mark;181
7.2.6.2;6.2. The Title of Matthew;182
7.2.6.3;6.3. Matthew’s Deconstruction of Q;183
7.2.7;7. Concluding Summary;184
8;4. Socio-Religious Location;188
8.1;Sean Freyne: Matthew and Mark: The Jewish Contexts;190
8.1.1;1. Southern Syria before and after the First Revolt;191
8.1.2;2. Reading Mark and Matthew in Syrian Contexts;196
8.1.2.1;2.1. Mark;196
8.1.2.1.1;2.1.1. Markan geography;197
8.1.2.1.2;2.1.2 Mark and the village culture of the north;199
8.1.2.1.3;2.1.3. Mark and Persecution;200
8.1.2.2;2.2. Matthew;204
8.1.2.2.1;2.2.1. Geography and Restoration;206
8.1.2.2.2;2.2.2. Location of the Matthean group;209
8.1.2.2.3;2.2.3. Conflict and Rejection;211
8.1.3;3. Conclusion;213
8.2;Morten Hørning Jensen: Conflicting Calls? Family and Discipleship in Mark & Matthew in the Light of First-Century Galilean Village Life;216
8.2.1;1. Introduction;216
8.2.1.1;1.1. What Can Galilee Do for Mark and Matthew?;216
8.2.1.2;1.2. Working Hypothesis;219
8.2.2;2. Family Life in Mark and Matthew;220
8.2.2.1;2.1. Introduction;220
8.2.2.2;2.2. Jesus’ Call of the First Disciples;220
8.2.2.3;2.3. Jesus and Nazareth;222
8.2.2.4;2.4. The Disciples and Their Families: Conflicts;224
8.2.2.5;2.5. Filial Piety, Divorce, Houses, and ‘Family Imagery’;226
8.2.2.6;2.6. Partial Conclusion;227
8.2.3;3. Rural Galilee as a ‘Reading Scenario’;228
8.2.3.1;3.1. The Socio-Economic State of Rural Galilee;228
8.2.3.2;3.2. The Political Development;229
8.2.3.3;3.3. Settlement Patterns;230
8.2.3.4;3.4. Land Ownership;233
8.2.3.5;3.5. Rural Villages and Towns;234
8.2.3.6;3.6. Specialization and Commerce;236
8.2.3.7;3.7. Differentiated Houses and Living Units;237
8.2.3.8;3.8. Monetization;238
8.2.3.9;3.9. Taxes;239
8.2.3.10;3.10. Climate;240
8.2.3.11;3.11. Partial Conclusion;240
8.2.4;4. Conclusions;241
8.3;Linden Youngquist: Matthew, Mark, and Q;244
8.3.1;1. Introduction: Matthew and Mark in Contrast;244
8.3.2;2. Matthew and the Q Community;250
8.3.2.1;2.1. The Recent Debate: Heinz Eduard Tödt;251
8.3.2.2;2.2. Two Recent Approaches to Continuity between Q and Matthew;251
8.3.3;3. Matthew as a Literary Expansion of Q;255
8.3.4;4. Matt 8–9 and Q;262
8.3.5;5. Matthew’s Use of Sources in Matt 8–9;264
8.3.6;6. Matthew’s Intention;266
8.3.6.1;6.1. Sequence A;266
8.3.6.2;6.2. Sequence B;268
8.3.7;7. Matthew’s Composition;270
8.3.8;8. Conclusion;271
8.4;Wayne Baxter: Matthew, Mark, and the Shepherd Metaphor: Similarities, Differences, and Implications;274
8.4.1;1. Introduction;274
8.4.2;2. Socio-Religious Location: Thinking Spectrally;274
8.4.3;3. Thinking Behind the Shepherd Metaphor: Patterns of Usage;276
8.4.4;4. The Shepherd Metaphor in the Hebrew Bible, and in the Writings of Early Jews, Non-Christ-Believing Romans, and Christ-Believers;278
8.4.5;5. The Shepherd Metaphor in Mark and Matthew;283
8.4.5.1;5.1. Mark’s Use of the Shepherd Metaphor;283
8.4.5.2;5.2. Matthew’s Use of the Shepherd Metaphor;286
8.4.6;6. Mark vs. Matthew;291
8.4.7;7. Conclusion;292
9;5. Conflict and Violence;294
9.1;Warren Carter: Matthew: Empire, Synagogues, and Horizontal Violence;296
9.1.1;1. Synagogues and Empire;298
9.1.2;2. Jewish Diaspora Existence and Synagogue(s) in Antioch;303
9.1.3;3. Matthew and Empire: Method;306
9.1.4;4. Matthew and Empire: Strategies of Negotiation;309
9.1.5;5. Matthew, Synagogue, Empire, and Horizontal Violence;314
9.2;Lorenzo Scornaienchi: The Controversy Dialogues and the Polemic in Mark and Matthew;320
9.2.1;1. The Interpretation of the Controversy Dialogues and their Polemical Content;320
9.2.2;2. The Polemic in Matthew;321
9.2.3;3. The Controversy Dialogues in Mark;322
9.2.3.1;3.1. The Question of the Literary Genre;324
9.2.4;4. Mark’s Use of Conflict Dialogues;326
9.2.5;5. Matthew’s Polemic and the Conflict Dialogues;329
9.2.6;6. Conclusions;331
9.3;John S. Kloppenborg: The Representation of Violence in Synoptic Parables;334
9.3.1;1. Force and Violence in the Ancient Mediterranean;335
9.3.2;2. Violent Gods and Heroes;336
9.3.3;3. Violence, Realistic and Imaginary in Mark;341
9.3.3.1;3.1 The Parable of the Tenants;343
9.3.4;4. Force and Violence in Q;347
9.3.4.1;4.1. Q 12:33–34, 39–40;347
9.3.4.2;4.2. Q 12:42–46: The Slave left in Charge;349
9.3.5;5. Divine Force and Violence in Matthew;354
9.3.5.1;5.1. The Destruction of Opponents: Matt 21:33–22:10;354
9.3.5.2;5.2. Force against Insiders in Matthew;358
9.3.6;6. Conclusion;361
10;6. Building Community Using Text;364
10.1;Oda Wischmeyer: Forming Identity Through Literature: The Impact of Mark for the Building of Christ-Believing Communities in the Second Half of the First Century C. E;366
10.1.1;1. Methodological Considerations;367
10.1.2;2. The Current Discussion on the Author and on the Genre of the Gospel of Mark;373
10.1.3;3. The Gospel of Mark as a Community-building Tool: Evidence from Texts;380
10.1.4;4. The Gospel of Mark as a Community-building Tool: Some General Remarks;384
10.1.5;5. The Gospel of Mark as a Community-building Tool: The Particular Perspective;387
10.2;Anders Runesson: Building Matthean Communities: The Politics of Textualization;390
10.2.1;1. Introduction: The Question;390
10.2.2;2. Socio-political Implications of Textualization;392
10.2.2.1;2.1. The Nature of First-Century Synagogues and the Matthean Community;392
10.2.2.2;2.2. Tradition, Text, and Power;396
10.2.2.3;2.3. The Text and the Community Rule;400
10.2.2.4;2.4. New Wine into New Wineskins: The Implications of Genre;404
10.2.3;3. Building Community by Instruction and Example: The Ideal Matthean;408
10.2.3.1;3.1. The Ideal Matthean: Ritual Practice and National Identity;409
10.2.3.2;3.2. The Ideal Matthean: Theology, Resistance, Counter-Colonization;412
10.2.4;4. Conclusion: Building Community Using Text in Late First-Century C. E. Galilee;417
11;7. Notes from the Conference: Further Discussion;420
11.1;Adela Yarbro Collins: Reflections on the Conference at the University of Aarhus, July 25–27, 2008;422
12;Bibliography;426
13;List of Contributors;468
14;Index of References;470
14.1;Mark;470
14.2;Matthew;473
14.3;‘Old Testament Writings’/Septuagint;479
14.4;Eearly Jewish Texts/Non-canonical writings;482
14.5;Dead Sea Texts;482
14.6;Early Jewish Authors;483
14.7;New Testament;485
14.8;Early Christian Texts / Extra-canonical Writings;488
14.9;Early Christian Authors;488
14.10;Rabbinica;488
14.11;Greco-Roman Authors;489
14.12;Papyri (excl. New Testament Papyri – s. Index of subjects);492
15;Index of Subjects;494

Über Autor(innen)

Runesson, Anders
Born 1968; 2001 PhD; 2002 Docent, Lund University, Sweden; 2003-15 Professor of Early Christianity and Early Judaism, McMaster University, Canada; since 2015 Professor of New Testament in the Faculty of Theology at the University of Oslo, Norway.

Becker, Eve-Marie
Geboren 1972; 2001 Dr. theol.; 2004 Habilitation; 2006-18 Professorin für neutestamentliche Exegese an der Universität Aarhus/Dänemark; 2016-17 Distinguished Visiting Professor of New Testament an der Emory University in Atlanta/USA; seit 2018 Professorin für Neues Testament an der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster.