Bates Black Russian Terrier (Comprehensive Owner's Guide)

1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-1-62187-028-9
Verlag: CompanionHouse Books
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 158 Seiten

Traces the history of the breed, describes breed standards, discusses a Black Russian terrier's care and grooming requirements, and includes information on training.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Bates, Emily

Leseproben

On the left is a two-and-a-half-year-old bitch from England; on the right is a four-and-a-half-year-old dog from Russia. This rare breed is gaining popularity and becoming more commonly seen around the world.

The Black Russian Terrier, originally called the Black Terrier and now known by a variety of names, among them the Russkiy Tchiorny Terrier and Russian Black Terrier, is one of the youngest breeds in the world, dating back only to the 1950s. So successful has its short history been that its popularity has earned it the moniker “The Black Pearl of Russia,” while many enthusiasts simply refer to the breed as the “Blackie.”

The short, fascinating history of this breed is admirable and has been remarkably well documented since its beginnings. It has been said that “necessity is the mother of invention,” and it is true to say that the Black Russian Terrier was born of dire necessity. Like most European countries at the close of World War II, Russia needed to rebuild itself in order to achieve both social and economic regrowth, for it was a country in ruin. The great country suffered severe losses not only among its people but also among its animals, and the most severely decimated of these animals were dogs.

The Giant Schnauzer bears great similarity to the Black Russian and is one of the many breeds involved in the development of the breed.

Going back a little in history, after the Revolution and Civil War in Russia, from 1917 to 1923, all private Russian kennels were ruined and around 90% of purebred dogs were lost. The majority of those who had understood the breeding of dogs had either died or emigrated. However, in 1924, it was decided that dogs were to be used in military applications, and regional school-kennels were arranged by the Red Army in all regions, including Moscow, where the Central School-Kennel of Military Working Dogs and the Scientific Laboratory were located.

Officers were trained as instructors and trainers, and, in all forces, special departments of communication, secret services and guard services were set up. In frontier troops, there also was a department of tracking and scent hounds.

When the Great Patriotic War had begun, there were over 40,000 working dogs in Russia, with 168 separate units of working dogs that took part in battles. However, in post-war Russia, working dogs had become essentially extinct. Many stud dogs in particular were killed during the war years and the number of dogs in canine clubs was dramatically reduced. The supply simply had to be replenished, but at that time the only viable candidate was the German Shepherd Dog, which the Russians considered too aggressive (although the geographical aspect of the breed’s name may also have played its part in this general aversion to the breed).

So, to replenish the supply in some other way was a gigantic task, given that, in this inhumane war, the people had experienced dreadful massacres that had left devastating effects, and the country’s entire productive system had fallen apart. The people were now experiencing extreme hardship and the governors had made it clear that people must take priority over dogs.

A stalwart race, however, the Russian people recognized that if they could develop a large, strong dog with a well-balanced temperament, it would help their country in many ways. Such a dog could be used to guard agricultural areas, industrial premises and military bases. It needed to be able to function as a worker in different climatic conditions if it were to play a part in restoring the country’s economy.

The Central Military School of Working Dogs, known also as the Red Star Kennel, began breeding under the leadership of Colonel G. Medvedev, with the aim of creating a dog with all of the required characteristics. Of necessity, it had to be hardy, adaptable and easy to train, but it also had to be of substantial size, capable of performing guard work in Russia’s severe climes.

Many breeds of dog were involved in the makeup of the Black Russian Terrier, most of these having been selected from the few that had survived the war in Russia. However, some, such as the Giant Schnauzer, were imported from occupied territories. The other breeds that are familiar names to us are the Newfoundland and Rottweiler, but there were others called the Moscow Newfoundland, Moscow Great Dane and Brudasty Hound, the latter made up from the Airedale Terrier and Russian Hound. Also used was the Moscow Watchdog, which had among its ancestry the St. Bernard and the Skewbold Hound. Another breed employed was the Moscow Diver, also known as the Moscow Water Dog and Moscow Retriever, a little-known breed derived from the Newfoundland, Caucasian Sheepdog and Eastern European Sheepdog.

MOSCOW DIVER

The Moscow Diver is one of the breeds in the background of the Black Russian Terrier. Attempts were made to develop this breed using the Caucasian Ovtcharka and Newfoundland but, according to O. Krasnovskaya, this was not a good idea. The Moscow Diver was not willing to save drowning people, but seemed to prefer to bite them! As a result, this breed was never developed.

Caucasian Ovtcharka.

MAKEUP OF THE BRT

According to Moscow’s Dr. Eugene Tisgelnitsky, today’s Black Russian Terrier (BRT) is made up of 30% Giant Schnauzer, 30% Airedale Terrier and 30% Rottweiler, and the remaining 10% is a combination of Newfoundland, Caucasian Ovcharka and East European Shepherd and Great Dane.

Airedale Terrier.

The crosses between the Giant Schnauzer and Airedale Terrier, like the crosses between the Rottweiler, Giant Schnauzer and Newfoundland, turned out to be very fine dogs indeed. With their black, wiry coats, they became known as Black Terriers.

It is Roy, a Giant Schnauzer, who is generally considered as the founding father of the Black Russian breed. Born in 1947, he was mated primarily to Airedale Terriers, Rottweilers and Moscow Divers, and had been selected for both his agility and his sharp guarding instinct. The Russians felt that the Airedale would impart a happy disposition, perseverance and staying power, while the Rottweiler would be valuable for its substantial construction and its courage.

Two notable males in the breed’s background are Haitor, born in 1952, the result of a mating between Roy and Scotta, an Airedale, and Azart, born in 1954, resulting from a mating of Roy to Una, a Rottweiler. The Russians always selected the strongest puppies; in those early years of the breed’s development, the emphasis was on producing working dogs that could both guard and defend and would be capable of police work. They were not selected for their beauty.

The popular Rottweiler contributed much to the Black Russian’s development, including strength, substance and courage.

With the progression of time, it became possible to select dogs for breeding purposes that resembled each other, for the dogs were becoming more uniform, and a type could at last be set.

In 1955, the first Black Russian Terriers, these from the breed’s second and third generations, took part in the Exhibition of Agricultural Achievements. All of these dogs were awarded either First- or Second-Class Diplomas. In addition, the Kennel of the Central School of Working Dogs was also awarded a Diploma. The Central School aimed to create a large, sturdily built military dog that was both hardy and strong, and Orlovsky Rusak’s methods of breeding, which had been used with the Budyonovsky horse and the Estonia Hound, were used in the school’s breeding program.

A couple of years later, the breed drew public attention when 40 Black Russian Terriers were exhibited at the PanSoviet Show for Police Dogs. From this time on, there was a certain collaboration between what might be described as state and private enterprise, and a few dogs that took part in this event were loaned to private breeders.

A Black Russian Terrier with an Airedale. Although, as can be seen, many differences exist between the two breeds, the Airedale figures prominently in the BRT’s background.

Kennels now began to grow and could be found not only in Moscow but also in other parts of Russia. Specialist breed clubs began to emerge and, in 1958, the first breed standard was published in Regulations and Requirements for Training and Usage of Military Dogs. With a breed standard to use as a guideline, it was easier for breeders to select the dogs used in their breeding programs for their typicality in breed type and conformation. This allowed them to take the breed a stage further in its development, over and above selection solely on the basis of functional capability. That is not to say that working qualities did not continue to be improved upon, for this was also the case, but the stock certainly became more uniform in type, and hereditary faults began to disappear.

In Leningrad, there was an especially successful team of breeders under the leadership of O. Mironova, M. Shneiderovich, A. Mironov and N. Andrianova, while breeders under the leadership of M. Anokhina were successful in Moscow. J. Korepanova headed the breeders in Sverlovsk, where progress was also evident. It was not long before the Black Russian Terrier moved outside its native Russia; by the 1970s, there were over 4,000 dogs, which made this possible. The breed soon was found in the Baltic countries, the Ukraine and Siberia, Finland, Hungary, the former Czechoslovakia and the United States.

The Black Russian Terrier was officially recognized as a breed in its homeland in 1981, with the first breed standard being officially accepted on May 13 of that year by the USSR Ministry of Agriculture. It was included in Group 3 of the FCI (Fédération Cynologique...