Barrass Human Biology

Made Simple
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-6423-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 320 Seiten, Web PDF

Human Biology Made Simple is an introductory work on the study of biology in relation to people and the interdependence of all living things. This book is organized into three parts encompassing 31 chapters. Part 1 deals with the people and the other animals and plants which make lives possible. This part examines the study of life and its continuity, laws of heredity, multicellular organisms, cells and tissues, and the interdependence of all organisms. Part 2 discusses the body and how it works, as well as the benefits of physical fitness, personal health, and hygiene. Part 3 highlights social life, the social consequences of many discoveries in biology, and some problems of community and world health. This book will prove useful to health education and human biology students.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Barrass, Robert

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Human Biology;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;12
5;Preface;6
6;Acknowledgements;8
7;By the same author;9
8;Key to Abbreviations and Symbols;10
9;PART 1: PEOPLE AND BIOLOGY;18
9.1;CHAPTER 1. PEOPLE AND OTHER LIVING THINGS;20
9.1.1;We are Organisms;20
9.1.2;We are Animals;21
9.1.3;We are Mammals;23
9.1.4;We are Primates;25
9.1.5;Test Questions;27
9.2;CHAPTER 2. THE FIRST PEOPLE;28
9.2.1;The Fossil Record;28
9.2.2;Ways in which People are Unique;29
9.2.3;Test Questions;33
9.3;CHAPTER 3. THE STUDY OF LIFE;34
9.3.1;The Rise of Science;34
9.3.2;The Work of Biologists;35
9.3.3;Keeping a Record;36
9.3.4;Test Questions;37
9.4;CHAPTER 4. ANYONE ELSE LIKE YOU?;38
9.4.1;Differences between Races;38
9.4.2;Differences between the Sexes;39
9.4.3;Differences between Individuals;39
9.4.4;Test Questions;42
9.5;CHAPTER 5. LAWS OF HEREDITY;43
9.5.1;Parents and Their Offspring;43
9.5.2;Hybridisation;43
9.5.3;Interpretation of Results of a Monohybrid Cross;44
9.5.4;Heritable and Non-heritable Variation;49
9.5.5;Test Questions;49
9.6;CHAPTER 6. THE CONTINUITY OF LIFE;50
9.6.1;Some Evidence of Evolution;50
9.6.2;Selection;51
9.6.3;Further Evidence of Evolution;52
9.6.4;Constancy and Change;53
9.6.5;Test Questions;55
9.7;CHAPTER 7. MICRO-ORGANISMS;56
9.7.1;The Use of Microscopes;56
9.7.2;Microscopic Organisms (Micro-organisms);58
9.7.3;Test Questions;61
9.8;CHAPTER 8. WHAT IS LIFE?;62
9.8.1;What Living Things are Made of;62
9.8.2;The Life of a Bacterial Cell;65
9.8.3;The Life of Amoeba and Chlamydomonas;67
9.8.4;What is Life?;73
9.8.5;Test Questions;74
9.9;CHAPTER 9. MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS;75
9.9.1;The Parts of You;75
9.9.2;Cell Structure and Function;75
9.9.3;Technical Terms;81
9.9.4;Test Questions;82
9.10;CHAPTER 10. CELLS AND TISSUES;83
9.10.1;Cell Division;85
9.10.2;Chromosome Structure and Duplication;87
9.10.3;Control of Activity in the Cell;89
9.10.4;Differentiation;89
9.10.5;Test Questions;92
9.11;CHAPTER 11. ENERGY FROM SUNLIGHT;93
9.11.1;How Scientists Work;93
9.11.2;The Discovery of Photosynthesis;93
9.11.3;Ecological Importance of Photosynthesis;97
9.11.4;Day and Night;97
9.11.5;The Seasons;99
9.11.6;Test Questions;99
9.12;CHAPTER 12. SAPROBIONTS;100
9.12.1;Yeast: a Unicellular Fungus;100
9.12.2;A Bread Mould: Rhizopus;101
9.12.3;The Role of Saprobionts in Decay;102
9.12.4;Studying Micro-organisms;106
9.12.5;Micro-organisms in Food;108
9.12.6;Beneficial Micro-organisms;109
9.12.7;Test Questions;110
9.13;CHAPTER 13. THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF ALL ORGANISMS;111
9.13.1;Ecological Succession and Soil Formation;111
9.13.2;The Structure and Properties of Soils;112
9.13.3;Effects of Cultivation on the Soil;114
9.13.4;Food Chains and Food Webs;117
9.13.5;The Interdependence of all Organisms;118
9.13.6;Test Questions;119
10;PART 2: MAN AND WOMAN;122
10.1;CHAPTER 14. FEEDING AND DIGESTION;124
10.1.1;Your Teeth;124
10.1.2;Your Alimentary Cana! and Digestion;125
10.1.3;Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation;127
10.1.4;Test Questions;131
10.2;CHAPTER 15. PROTECTION, SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT;132
10.2.1;Your Skin and its Functions;132
10.2.2;Your Skeleton and Skeletal Muscles;134
10.2.3;Movement and Posture;138
10.2.4;Test Questions;142
10.3;CHAPTER 16. YOUR LUNGS;143
10.3.1;Breathing;144
10.3.2;Respiratory Surfaces;145
10.3.3;Air Pollution and Health;147
10.3.4;Smoking or Health;148
10.3.5;Test Questions;150
10.4;CHAPTER 17. THE USE OF MATERIALS AND ENERGY IN CELLS;152
10.4.1;Respiration;152
10.4.2;Metabolism;155
10.4.3;Your Liver—its Structure and Functions;157
10.4.4;Excretion;159
10.4.5;Test Questions;159
10.5;CHAPTER 18. YOUR KIDNEYS;161
10.5.1;Structure and Functions of your Kidneys;161
10.5.2;Test Questions;163
10.6;CHAPTER 19. THE CIRCULATION OF YOUR BLOOD;165
10.6.1;Your Blood Circulatory System;165
10.6.2;Your Heart;167
10.6.3;Blood, Tissue Fluid and Lymph;169
10.6.4;Test Questions;175
10.7;CHAPTER 20.YOUR SENSES;176
10.7.1;Hearing, Balance and Posture;176
10.7.2;Vision;178
10.7.3;Test Questions;181
10.8;CHAPTER 21. COORDINATION AND CONTROL;182
10.8.1;Hormones;182
10.8.2;Nerves and Nerve Impulses;184
10.8.3;Differences between Hormonal and Neural Control;187
10.8.4;Summary of the Tissues of the Body;188
10.8.5;Test Questions;190
10.9;CHAPTER 22. CONSTANCY BASED ON CHANGE: HOMEOSTASIS;191
10.9.1;Control of Blood Sugar Level;192
10.9.2;Control of Body Temperature;193
10.9.3;Reactions to Danger;195
10.9.4;Harmful Effects of Drugs;196
10.9.5;Good Health;199
10.9.6;Test Questions;200
10.10;CHAPTER 23. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS;201
10.10.1;Meiotic Cell Division;201
10.10.2;Reproductive Systems of a Man and a Woman;202
10.10.3;Development of the Breasts and Milk Secretion;206
10.10.4;Test Questions;207
11;PART 3: PEOPLE;208
11.1;CHAPTER 24. CHILDREN;210
11.1.1;Sexual Behaviour and Pregnancy;210
11.1.2;Having a Baby;210
11.1.3;Caring for the Mother and her Baby;212
11.1.4;Every Baby should be Wanted;214
11.1.5;Unplanned Pregnancies;216
11.1.6;Sexual Behaviour and Disease;218
11.1.7;Some Things that Every Boy and Girl should Know;219
11.1.8;Test Questions;220
11.2;CHAPTER 25. HEREDITY IN PEOPLE;221
11.2.1;Pedigree Analysis;221
11.2.2;The Role of the Chromosomes in Heredity;222
11.2.3;Sex Determination and Sex Linkage;223
11.2.4;More about Chromosomes;225
11.2.5;Genetic Counselling;227
11.2.6;The Choice of Organisms for Genetics;227
11.2.7;Test Questions;227
11.3;CHAPTER 26. FAMILY LIFE;229
11.3.1;Babyhood;229
11.3.2;Infancy;230
11.3.3;Childhood;231
11.3.4;Puberty and Adolescence;232
11.3.5;Maturity;235
11.3.6;Old Age;236
11.3.7;Test Questions;237
11.4;CHAPTER 27. YOUR GUIDE TO GOOD FEEDING;238
11.4.1;Body-building Foods;238
11.4.2;Energy-giving Foods;242
11.4.3;A Balanced Diet;243
11.4.4;Harmful or Potentially Harmful Foods;249
11.4.5;Test Questions;249
11.5;CHAPTER 28. PARASITES OF PEOPLE;251
11.5.1;Flatworms that cause Diseases;251
11.5.2;Ronndworms that cause Diseases;253
11.5.3;Protists that cause Diseases;255
11.5.4;Bacteria that cause Diseases;257
11.5.5;Viruses that cause Diseases;260
11.5.6;Test Questions;261
11.6;CHAPTER 29. FAMILY HEALTH;262
11.6.1;Your Home;262
11.6.2;Hygiene;263
11.6.3;Test Questions;268
11.7;CHAPTER 30. COMMUNITY HEALTH;269
11.7.1;Town Planning;269
11.7.2;Preventing the Spread of Pathogens;269
11.7.3;Preventing Diseases by Immunisation and Vaccination;276
11.7.4;Health Education and Recreation;276
11.7.5;Legislation and Community Health;278
11.7.6;World Health;281
11.7.7;Test Questions;282
11.8;CHAPTER 31. PEOPLE—PEOPLE—PEOPLE;283
11.8.1;Food for People;283
11.8.2;Always more People;284
11.8.3;How People Affect the Environment;284
11.8.4;Too Many People;286
11.8.5;Test Questions;288
12;Appendix 1: VISUAL AIDS;290
13;Appendix 2: FURTHER READING;292
14;Appendix 3: EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE;293
15;Appendix 4: ANSWERS TO TEST QUESTIONS;295
16;Appendix 5: GLOSSARY;298
17;INDEX;304