Barber / Goldstein / Krasner Pitfalls in Human Research

Ten Pivotal Points
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-3803-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 126 Seiten, Web PDF

Pitfalls in Human Research examines 10 ten pivotal points in human research where investigators and experimenters can go astray. Two questions are addressed: At what pivotal points in the complex research process can the experimental study go astray and give rise to misleading results and conclusions? What steps can researchers take to avoid these pitfalls? To answer these questions, those aspects of experimental studies that are under the control of the investigator as well as those aspects that are under the control of the experimenter are examined. This book begins by making a distinction between the investigator and the experimenter, arguing that their roles are functionally quite different. The discussion then turns to the 10 pitfalls in human research, divided into investigator effects and experimenter effects: investigator paradigm effect; investigator experimental design effect; investigator loose procedure effect; investigator data analysis effect; investigator fudging effect; experimenter personal attributes effect; experimenter failure to follow the procedure effect; experimenter misrecording effect; experimenter fudging effect; and experimenter unintentional expectancy effect. This monograph will be a useful resource for both investigators and experimenters, as well as those who utilize research results in their teaching or practice.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Barber, Theodore Xenophon

Goldstein, Arnold P.

Krasner, Leonard

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Pitfalls in Human Research: Ten Pivotal Points;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;The Author;8
6;Introduction;10
7;Pitfall I. Investigator Paradigm Effect;13
7.1;Tenacity of Paradigms and Resistance to New Discoveries;14
7.2;Failing to "See" Events and "Seeing" Non-Existent Events;15
7.3;Paradigms in Psychology;16
7.4;Paradigms versus Pet Theories or Hypotheses;18
7.5;Recommendations and Conclusions;19
8;Pitfall II. Investigator Experimental Design Effect;22
9;Pitfall III. Investigator Loose Procedure Effect;25
10;Pitfall IV. Investigator Data Analysis Effect;28
10.1;Pitfalls in Data Analysis: Two Illustrative Studies;32
10.2;Summary;38
10.3;Recommendations;39
10.4;Motivations for Positive Results;40
11;Pitfall V. Investigator Fudging Effect;45
11.1;Some Instances of Fudging;45
11.2;Motivations for Fudging;51
11.3;Motivations for Honesty;53
11.4;Experimenter Effects;54
12;Pitfall VI. Experimenter Personal Attributes Effect;56
12.1;Failure to Control for Other Attributes;58
12.2;Failure to Assess Interactive Effects;58
12.3;Failure to Sample Psychological Tasks;60
12.4;Conclusions;61
13;Pitfall VII. Experimenter Failure to Follow the Procedure Effect;62
14;Pitfall VIII. Experimenter Misrecording Effect;66
15;Pitfall IX. Experimenter Fudging Effect;69
16;Pitfall X. Experimenter Unintentional Expectancy Effect;73
16.1;Experimenter Unintentional Expectancy Effect or Investigator Data Analysis Effect?;74
16.2;Experimenter Expectancy, Failure to Follow the Procedure, Misrecording, or Fudging?;76
16.3;Studies that Failed to Find an Experimenter Unintentional Expectancy Effect;78
16.4;Studies with Equivocal Results;81
16.5;"Confirming" Expectancies by Varying the Conduct of the Experiment;82
16.6;Expectancy and Experimenters' Scoring of Responses;83
16.7;Studies Indicating an Experimenter Unintentional Expectancy Effect;84
16.8;Experimenter Expectancy as an Interactive Effect;86
16.9;Summary and Conclusions;87
17;Overview and Recommendations;93
18;References;101
19;Name Index;121
20;Subject Index;125