Barbarisi / Bechi / Innocenti Biotechnology in Surgery

1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-88-470-1658-3
Verlag: Springer Milan
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 194 Seiten

Reihe: Updates in Surgery

The 20th century has finished, the century when surgery took huge steps forward thanks to progress in technology. Now we have entered the 'century of biotechnologies', which will not only generate progress in surgery, but also lead to a real 'cultural revolution' that will completely change approaches to solving different problems in medicine. The aim of this book is to bring surgeons closer to biotechnologies and to overcome the cultural gap dividing them from these new approaches. Biotechnologies are already proposed and used at different levels in surgical practice: in diagnostic technique, enabling practitioners to identify diseases at an early stage and follow their molecular modification over time; and in tissue engineering, where the use of 'smart scaffolds' offers a possible answer to increasing demand for biocompatible tissues and organs in transplantation surgery. This volume focuses on the emerging field of stem cells, analyzing both their role as possible players in originating and perpetuating cancer - 'cancer stem cells' - and, conversely, their extraordinary therapeutical potential. An additional section is dedicated to the evaluation and application of derived molecular factors that can enhance the physiological processes that are fundamentally important in surgery, such as hemostasis and wound healing. Surgeons have always been technologists, in the sense that since surgery began they have always needed technology, beginning with a scalpel and surgical instruments. They have always cooperated with technologists. However, in the new century, the first one of the millennium, a rapid increase in knowledge that is outside the realm of the surgeon's traditional technological training is imposing itself - hence the aim of this book. It is now urgent to encourage surgeons to embrace this knowledge (biotechnology) with confidence. By its very nature, biotechnology is completely different from the technologies used so far, because it escapes the senses of sight and touch, which up to now have been the essence of the surgeon's work. The cellular and molecular dimensions of biotechnologies are still far removed from most of the recent advances in modern surgical techniques. A common language between surgeons and biotechnologists will create further, revolutionary, progress in surgical sciences in the twenty-first century.

Prof. Barbarisi is Head of Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences. He is Director of the IX Division of General Surgery and Biotechnology Applied to Surgery Unit, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy and President of the European Society of Surgery, President of the Italian Council of Academic Professor of Surgery and President of the Italian Tumor Society

Autoren/Hrsg.

Barbarisi, Alfonso

Bechi, Paolo

Innocenti, Paolo

Redi, Carlo A.

Rosso, Francesco

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Title Page;2
2;Copyright Page;3
3;Foreword;5
4;Preface;6
5;Table of Contents;8
6;1 The Philosophy of Biotechnology;16
6.1;1.1 Introduction;16
6.1.1;1.1.1 Genomics (fundamentals);19
6.1.2;1.1.2 Proteomics (fundamentals);20
6.1.3;1.1.3 Cell Therapy;21
6.1.4;1.1.4 Metabolomics: Potential Applications to Surgical Diseases F. Tarantini, M. Giannelli, D. Boni;22
6.2;1.2 The Role of the Surgeon in Translational Research;24
6.3;1.3 The Role of Biotechnology in Oncologic Surgery;25
6.4;References;28
7;2 New Approach to Diagnosis and Prognosis;30
7.1;2.1 Secondary Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and Biotechnology: a New Approach to Diagnosis and Therapy;30
7.1.1;2.1.1 Introduction;30
7.1.2;2.1.2 Pathophysiology;30
7.1.3;2.1.3 Future View to Diagnosis and Therapy;32
7.2;2.2 Pre-endothelial Cells and Prognosis of Intestinal Adenocarcinoma;33
7.2.1;2.2.1 Introduction;33
7.2.2;2.2.2 Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Post-natal Vasculogenesis;34
7.2.3;2.2.3 EPCs, Tumor Angiogenesis and Metastasis;34
7.2.4;2.2.4 EPCs as a Potential Biomarker for Tumor Angiogenesis;35
7.2.5;2.2.5 Molecular Markers of Tumor Angiogenesis and Antiangiogenic Drug Activity;37
7.2.6;2.2.6 EPC as Cellular Vehicles for Anticancer Therapy;37
7.2.7;2.2.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives;37
7.3;2.3 Microarray Gene Expression of Pancreatic Carcinoma;38
7.3.1;2.3.1 Introduction;38
7.3.2;2.3.2 Microarray;39
7.3.3;2.3.3 Microarray and Pancreatic Cancer;40
7.3.4;2.3.4 Conclusions;41
7.4;2.4 The Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells as a Prognostic Marker for Colon Cancer: a New Biotechnology;42
7.4.1;2.4.1 Introduction;42
7.4.2;2.4.2 Personal Experience;43
7.4.3;2.4.3 Conclusions;44
7.5;2.5 Advanced Diagnostic Applications;45
7.5.1;2.5.1 Introduction;45
7.5.2;2.5.2 Immunogold Labeling;45
7.5.3;2.5.3 Thyroid Lesion;46
7.5.4;2.5.4 Galectin-3 and Tumors;46
7.5.5;2.5.5 Our Experience;47
7.5.6;2.5.6 Conclusions;50
7.6;References;50
8;3 Biomolecular Staging: Reality or Future Perspective?;56
8.1;3.1 Introduction;56
8.1.1;3.1.1 Apoptosis Related Genes;57
8.1.2;3.1.2 Oncogenes;58
8.1.3;3.1.3 Inhibitors of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (Cdk);58
8.1.4;3.1.4 Adhesion Molecule Expression;59
8.1.5;3.1.5 Flow Cytometry DNA Content;59
8.1.6;3.1.6 Conclusions;60
8.2;3.2 Molecular Biology as the Identity Card of Human Tumors;60
8.3;3.3 Interventional Timing According to New Insights in Basic Research;65
8.4;3.4 Cellular Biology: A Way of Predicting Cancerogenic Progression, Prognosis and Response to Adjuvant Treatment;68
8.5;References;72
9;4 Technology for Biotechnology;75
9.1;4.1 Nanotechnology and Nanofabrication;75
9.2;4.2 Biosensors;80
9.3;4.3 Nanodiagnostics;83
9.4;References;86
10;5 Regenerative Medicine: Current and Potential Applications;88
10.1;5.1 Scaffold and Molecular Signals for Tissue Engineering;88
10.2;5.2 Cell Source for Tissue Engineering;90
10.3;5.3 Skin;95
10.4;5.4 Lung Epithelium;97
10.5;5.5 The Bioartificial Liver;99
10.5.1;5.5.1 Introduction;99
10.5.2;5.5.2 Bioartificial Technical Support;100
10.5.3;5.5.3 BAL Structure;100
10.5.4;5.5.4 Clinical-Laboratory Parameters Assessed;101
10.5.5;5.5.5 Clinical Trials;102
10.5.6;5.5.6 Conclusions;103
10.6;References;104
11;6 In Vivo Imaging of Regenerated Tissue: State of Art and Future Perspectives;108
11.1;6.1 Introduction;108
11.2;6.2 Conventional Imaging of Regenerated Tissue;109
11.3;6.3 Molecular Imaging of Regenerated Tissue;111
11.3.1;6.3.1 MRI Molecular Imaging: Contrast Agents and Reporter Genes;112
11.4;6.4 Conclusions;114
11.5;References;114
12;7 Biotechnological Approaches to Hemostasis and Molecular Mechanisms of Wound Healing;117
12.1;7.1 Biotechnology for Hemostasis Control;117
12.2;7.2 Hemostatic Agents and their Mechanism of Action;118
12.2.1;7.2.1 Collagen and Gelatin Sponges;119
12.2.2;7.2.2 Oxidized Cellulose;121
12.2.3;7.2.3 Fibrin Glue;121
12.2.4;7.2.4 Synthetic Sealants and Adhesives;123
12.2.5;7.2.5 The Future: Innovative Biotechnology for Hemostasis Control;124
12.3;References;125
13;8 Gene Therapy;127
13.1;8.1 Gene Therapy;127
13.2;8.2 Gene Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases;131
13.3;8.3 Local Gene Delivery for Tissue Repair in Surgery;135
13.3.1;8.3.1 Introduction;135
13.3.2;8.3.2 Barriers to the Delivery of Genes for Tissue Repair In Vivo;136
13.3.3;8.3.3 Viral Vectors;136
13.3.4;8.3.4 Non-viral Vectors;137
13.3.5;8.3.5 Tissue Engineering Scaffolds;138
13.3.6;8.3.6 Conclusions;138
13.4;References;139
14;9 Stem Cells;143
14.1;9.1 Philosophical and Lexical Issues;143
14.2;9.2 Origin, Animal and Vegetal Models;145
14.3;9.3 Somatic and Embryonic Stem Cells;146
14.4;9.4 Stemness Genes;151
14.5;9.5 Induction of Pluripotency;152
14.6;9.6 Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine;154
14.7;9.7 International Legal Framework: Stem Cell Biopolitics and Scientific Citizenship;155
14.8;References;159
15;10 Cancer Stem Cells;162
15.1;10.1 Origin and Evolution of the Cancer Stem Cell Paradigm;162
15.2;10.2 Functional Genomics of CSCs;163
15.3;10.3 Molecular Biology of CSCs;164
15.4;10.4 CSCs and Carcinogenesis;165
15.5;10.5 CSCs and Tumor Recurrence;166
15.6;10.6 CSC and Metastases;167
15.7;10.7 In Vivo Imaging of CSCs;169
15.8;10.8 CSCs and Colon Cancer;170
15.9;10.9 Breast Cancer and CSCs;171
15.10;10.10 CSCs and Ovarian Cancer;172
15.11;10.11 CSCs and Lung Cancer;173
15.12;10.12 CSCs and Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma;174
15.13;10.13 CSCs and Prostate Cancer;175
15.14;10.14 CSCs and Glioblastoma Multiforme;176
15.15;10.15 Eradication of CSCs;177
15.16;References;178
16;Appendix The Impact on Surgical Practice of Recent Advances in Biotechnology. Interactions Between Inherited and Environmental Factors in the Occurrence - and Biological Behavior - of Diseases of Surgical Interest;180
16.1;Lesson from Inherited Multitumoral Syndromes;180
16.2;Lesson from Inherited Multitumoral Syndromes Including Early Aging;183
16.3;Lesson from Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Malignancies;185
16.4;Lesson from Liver Regeneration;185
16.5;Lesson from Genetics and Genetic Engineering or Advances in Biotechnology: Surgical Implications;187
16.6;Lesson from Pollution Related Diseases;188
16.7;Lesson from In Vitro Studies of Airborne Pollutants on Synoviocytes and Sperm Cells;189
16.8;Lesson from Asbestos Exposure and Mesothelioma in Humans;190
16.9;Suggestions to Policy Makers to Tackle Health Effects from Air Pollution;196
16.10;Lesson from Epidemiologic and Genome-wide Association Studies;196
16.11;Conclusions;198
16.12;References;199
17;Subject Index;202