Bai Subsea Pipeline Design, Analysis, and Installation

1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-0-12-386889-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 824 Seiten

As deepwater wells are drilled to greater depths, pipeline engineers and designers are confronted with new problems such as water depth, weather conditions, ocean currents, equipment reliability, and well accessibility. Subsea Pipeline Design, Analysis and Installation is based on the authors' 30 years of experience in offshore. The authors provide rigorous coverage of the entire spectrum of subjects in the discipline, from pipe installation and routing selection and planning to design, construction, and installation of pipelines in some of the harshest underwater environments around the world. All-inclusive, this must-have handbook covers the latest breakthroughs in subjects such as corrosion prevention, pipeline inspection, and welding, while offering an easy-to-understand guide to new design codes currently followed in the United States, United Kingdom, Norway, and other countries. - Gain expert coverage of international design codes - Understand how to design pipelines and risers for today's deepwater oil and gas - Master critical equipment such as subsea control systems and pressure piping

Dr. Qiang Bai obtained a doctorate for Mechanical Engineering at Kyushu University, Japan in 1995. He has more than 20 years of experience in subsea/offshore engineering including research and engineering execution. He has worked at Kyushu University in Japan, UCLA, OPE, JP Kenny, and Technip. His experience includes various aspects of flow assurance and the design and installation of subsea structures, pipelines and riser systems. Dr. Bai is the coauthor of Subsea Pipelines and Risers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Bai, Qiang

Bai, Yong

Leseproben

1 Mechanical Design
Abstract
This chapter gives a brief introduction to subsea pipeline systems, general design approaches, and installation methods. A complete pipeline system usually consists of several parts: flowlines, rises, processing facilities, and so on. To design a pipeline system, the three stages of conceptual design engineering, front end engineering design engineering, and detail design engineering may be carried out depending on the project’s requirements. The design process and content are elaborated for each stages. Moreover, the installation methods of subsea pipelines are demonstrated briefly. With the technical development in recent years, a design approach called design through analysis (DTA) is introduced. Finite element analysis based pipeline design and analysis make the design process easier and more accurate. Key words
Subsea pipeline systempipeline analysisgeneral designinstallation methodsfinite element analysis Chapter Outline 1. Introduction 2. Design Stages and Process Design Stages Design Process 3. Design through Analysis 4. Pipeline Design Analysis General Pipeline Stress Checks Span Analysis On-Bottom Stability Analysis Thermal Expansion Analysis Global Buckling Analysis Pipeline Installation 5. Finite Element Analysis Introduction
Subsea pipelines are used for a number of purposes in the development of subsea hydrocarbon resources, as shown in Figure 1.1. A pipeline system can be a single-pipe, pipe-in-pipe, or bundled system. Normally, the term of subsea flowlines is used to describe the subsea pipelines carrying oil and gas products from the wellhead to the riser base; the riser is connected to the processing facilities (e.g., a platform or a floating production storage and offloading vessel (FPSO)). The subsea pipelines from the processing facilities to shore are called export pipelines, while the subsea pipelines from the platform to subsea equipment used to transfer water or chemical inhibitors are called water injection or chemical flowlines. The design process for each type of line in general terms is the same, and it is this general design approach that is discussed in this book. Finally, in Chapter 23, a pipeline design project is used as an example to demonstrate how the technical development described in this book is used to save on costs and ensure quality and safety. Figure 1.1Subsea pipelines.Source: Bai and Bai [1]. Design Stages and Process
Design Stages
The design of pipelines is usually performed in three stages: • Conceptual design engineering. • Front end engineering design (FEED) engineering. • Detail design engineering. The objective and scope of each of these design stages varires, depending on the operator and the size of the project. However, the primary process and purposes are generally summarized as follows [2]: 1. Conceptual engineering. The primary objectives of conceptual engineering normally are • To establish technical feasibility and constraints on the system design and construction. • To eliminate nonviable options. • To identify the required information for the forthcoming design and construction. • To allow basic cost and scheduling to be estimated. • To identify interfaces with other systems, planned or currently in existence. The value of this early engineering work is that it reveals potential difficulties and areas where more effort may be required in the data collection and design areas. 2. Front end engineering design. The primary objectives of FEED normally are • To perform pipeline design so that the system concept is fixed. This includes • To verify the sizing of the pipeline. • To determine the pipeline grade and wall thickness. • To verify the pipeline against design and code requirements for installation, commissioning, and operation. • To prepare authority applications. • To perform a material takeoff sufficient to order the line pipe (should the pipe fabrication be a long lead item, hence requiring early startup). The level of this engineering design is sometimes specified as being sufficient to detail the design for inclusion into an engineering, procurement, construction, and installation (EPCI) tender. The EPCI contractor should then be able to perform the detailed design with the minimum number of variations as detailed in their bids. 3. Detail engineering. The detailed engineering phase is, as the term suggests, the development of the design to a point where the technical input for all procurement and construction tendering can be defined in sufficient detail. The primary objectives can be summarized as • Route optimization. • Selection of wall thickness and coating. • Confirmation of code requirements regarding strength, vortex-induced vibrations (VIV), on-bottom stability, global buckling, and installation. • Confirmation of the design and additional design as defined in the preliminary engineering. • Development of the design and drawings in sufficient detail for the subsea scope. This may include pipelines, tie-ins, crossings, span corrections, risers, shore approaches, and subsea structures. • Preparation of detailed alignment sheets based on most recent survey data. • Preparation of specifications, typically covering materials, cost applications, construction activities (i.e., pipe laying, survey, welding, riser installations, spoolpiece installation, subsea tie-ins, subsea structure installation), and pre-commissioning (i.e., flooding, pigging, hydrotesting, cleaning, drying). • Preparation of material take off (MTO) and compilation of necessary requisition information for the procurement of materials. • Preparation of design data and other information required for the certification authorities. Design Process
The object of the design process for a pipeline is to determine, based on given operating parameters, the optimum pipeline size parameters. These parameters include • Pipeline internal diameter. • Pipeline wall thickness. • Grade of pipeline material. • Type of coating-corrosion and weight (if any). • Coating wall thickness. The design process required to optimize the pipeline size parameters is an iterative one, summarized in Figure 1.2. The design analysis is illustrated in Figure 1.3. Each stage in the design process should be addressed whether it is a conceptual, preliminary, or detailed design. However, the level of analysis varies, depending on the requirements. For instance, when reviewing the objectives of the detailed design (Section 1.2.1), the design should be developed such that the following are determined: • Pipeline wall thickness, grade, coating, and length are specified so that pipeline can be fabricated. • Route is determined such that alignment sheets can be compiled. Figure 1.3Flowline design analyses.Source: Bai and Bai [1]. • Pipeline stress analysis is performed to verify that the pipeline is within the allowable stresses at all stages from installation, testing to operation. The results also include pipeline allowable spans, tie-in details (including expansion spool pieces), allowable testing pressures, and other input to the design drawings and specifications. • Pipeline installation analysis is performed to verify that stresses in the pipeline at all stages of installation are within the allowable values. The analysis should specifically confirm that the proposed method of pipeline installation would not result in pipeline damage. The analysis has input into the installation...