E-Book, Englisch, 502 Seiten, ePub
Babbini / Thomas Pharmacology Test Prep
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-63853-069-5
Verlag: Thieme
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark
1500 USMLE-Style Questions & Answers
E-Book, Englisch, 502 Seiten, ePub
ISBN: 978-1-63853-069-5
Verlag: Thieme
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark
is an outstanding collection of 1500 clinical multiple-choice questions written according to USMLE® guidelines and classified by learning objective and difficulty. The questions and answers in this book cover all the areas that are included in topic-based and organ system-based courses in the first two years of medical school. This book provides medical students preparing to take the USMLE® with a thorough review of pharmacology concepts and is an excellent review book for those needing to brush up on pharmacology for their rotations.
Key Features:
- Questions require students to analyze information before choosing the best answer
- Full explanations are included with answers, giving students a comprehensive USMLE® review tool
- Organized along clinical as well as pharmacological lines, making it suitable for both Step 1 and Step 2 exam preparation
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
Section I: General Principles of Pharmacology
Questions
I-1 Pharmacokinetics
I-2 Pharmacodynamics
I-3 Adverse Effects of Drugs
Answers and Explanations
Section II: Autonomic Nervous System
Questions
II-1 Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology
II-2 Adrenergic Drugs
II-3 Antiadrenergic Drugs
II-4 Cholinergic Drugs
II-5 Anticholinergic Drugs
Answers and Explanations
Section III: Central Nervous System
Questions
III-1 Introduction to Central Nervous System Pharmacology
III-2 Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs
III-3 General Anesthetics
III-4 Local Anesthetics
III-5 Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
III-6 Antiseizure Drugs
III-7 Drugs for Degenerative Disorders of the Central Nervous System
III-8 Neuroleptic Drugs
III-9 Drugs for Depressive and Anxiety Disorders
III-10 Drugs for Bipolar Disorders
III-11 Drugs for Childhood Behavioral Disorders
III-12 Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists
III-13 Drugs of Abuse
Answers and Explanations
Section IV: Cardiovascular and Renal Systems
Questions
IV-1 Diuretics
IV-2 Drugs for Ischemic Heart Disease
IV-3 Drugs for Cardiac Failure
IV-4 Antihypertensive Drugs
IV-5 Antiarrhythmic Drugs
IV-6 Antihyperlipidemic Drugs
IV-7 Drugs Affecting Hemostasis
Answers and Explanations
Section V: Endocrine System
Questions
V-1 Drugs for Hypothalamic and Pituitary Disorders
V-2 Drugs for Thyroid Disorders
V-3 Corticosteroids and Antagonists
V-4 Drugs for Gonadal Disorders
V-5 Drugs for Bone Homeostasis
V-6 Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus
Answers and Explanations
Section VI: Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, and Hematopoietic Systems
Questions
VI-1 Drugs for Bronchospastic Disorders
VI-2 Drugs for Gastrointestinal Disorders
VI-3 Drugs for Hematopoietic Disorders
Answers and Explanations
Section VII: Inflammation and Immunomodulation
Questions
VII-1 Histamine and Serotonin: Agonists and Antagonists
VII-2 Eicosanoids: Agonists, Antagonists, and Inhibitors
VII-3 Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
VII-4 Immunomodulating Drugs
VII-5 Drugs for Arthritis and Gout
Answers and Explanations
Section VIII: Chemotherapeutic Drugs
Questions
VIII-1 Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors
VIII-2 Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
VIII-3 Inhibitors of Bacterial Nucleic Acid Synthesis or Function
VIII-4 Antimycobacterial Drugs
VIII-5 Antifungal Drugs
VIII-6 Antiviral Drugs
VIII-7 Antiprotozoal Drugs
VIII-8 Anthelmintic Drugs
VIII-9 Antineoplastic Drugs
Answers and Explanations
I General Principles of Pharmacology
Questions: I-1 Pharmacokinetics
Difficulty level: Easy
1. A 22-year-old woman suffering from asthma was prescribed albuterol by inhalation. Albuterol is a bronchodilating drug with a molecular weight of 239 daltons. Which of the following permeation processes most likely accounted for the transfer of the drug through the bronchial mucosa?
A. Aqueous diffusion
B. Lipid diffusion
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Endocytosis
E. Active transport
Difficulty level: Easy
2. A 34-year-old man on vacation in Mexico was admitted to the hospital because of vomiting, double vision, and muscular paralysis. The man reported that he had eaten some canned food from a local vendor the previous day. After a physical examination, a presumptive diagnosis of botulism was made. It is known that botulinum toxin causes paralysis by getting inside the axon terminals of motor nerves, where it inhibits the release of acetylcholine. Botulinum toxin is a protein with a molecular weight greater than 100,000 daltons. Which of the following permeation processes most likely accounts for the transfer of the toxin through the nerve cell membrane?
A. Aqueous diffusion
B. Lipid diffusion
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Endocytosis
E. Filtration
Difficulty level: Easy
3. A 51-year-old woman suffering from hyperthyroidism was administered an oral solution of radioactive iodine to destroy her thyroid gland. Which of the following permeation processes most likely accounted for the transfer of the drug across the thyroid cell membrane?
A. Active transport
B. Lipid diffusion
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Endocytosis
E. Aqueous diffusion
Difficulty level: Easy
4. A 12-year-old boy recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes started a therapy with two daily subcutaneous administrations of insulin. Which of the following permeation processes best explains the absorption of insulin from the site of injection?
A. Bulk flow transport
B. Lipid diffusion
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Endocytosis
E. Active transport
Difficulty level: Hard
5. An 85-year-old man was recently admitted to a nursing facility. Diseases listed in his medical record on admission were depression with anxiety symptoms, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and osteoarthritis. Medications taken orally by the patient included the following:
Sertraline (base, pa = 9.5)
Diazepam (base, pa = 3.0)
Amiodarone (base, pa = 7.4)
Theophylline (acid, pa = 8.8)
Ibuprofen (acid, pa 4.8)
Shortly after administration, which of the following drugs was most likely concentrated inside the patient’s gastric cells?
A. Sertraline
B. Diazepam
C. Amiodarone
D. Theophylline
E. Ibuprofen
Difficulty level: Medium
6. A 17-year-old boy took a tablet of naproxen for a headache. Naproxen is a weak acid with a pa of 5.2. What percentage of the drug was most likely water soluble in the patient’s plasma?
A. 1%
B. 24%
C. 50%
D. 76%
E. 99%
F. > 99%
Difficulty level: Medium
7. A 69-year-old woman was brought to a local hospital emergency department by her son, who reported that his mother was found lethargic, disoriented, and combative a few hours earlier. Additional history revealed that she had ingested a large number of aspirin tablets in a suicide attempt. An appropriate therapy was instituted, which included the administration of sodium bicarbonate to increase the elimination of salicylate. Which of the following best explains the mechanism of this increased elimination?
A. Decreased tubular active transport of salicylate
B. Decreased renal biotransformation of salicylate
C. Decreased bioavailability of salicylate
D. Urinary ion trapping of salicylate
E. Increased glomerular filtration of salicylate
Difficulty level: Medium
8. A 63-year old man recently diagnosed with hypertension started a therapy with hydrochlorothiazide, one tablet daily. Hydrochlorothiazide is an acidic drug with a pa of about 9. Which of the following parts of the digestive tract most likely represents the main site of absorption of that drug?
A. Oral mucosa
B. Stomach
C. Small intestine
D. Colon
E. Rectum
Difficulty level: Easy
9. The pharmacokinetic properties of five new drugs (P, Q, R, S, and T) were studied in healthy volunteers. The same dose of each drug was administered intravenously (IV) and orally to the same subject on two separate occasions. The results were the following:
| Drug | AUCOral (mg h/L) | AUCIV (mg h/L) |
| P | 50 | 600 |
| Q | 200 | 2000 |
| R | 30 | 400 |
| S | 100 | 120 |
| T | 45 | 90 |
AUC, area under the curve; IV, intravenous.
Which of the following drugs most likely has the highest oral bioavailability?
A. Drug P
B. Drug Q
C. Drug R
D. Drug S
E. Drug T
Difficulty level: Easy
10. During a phase 1 clinical trial, four different oral dosage forms of the same dose of a drug were administered to a healthy volunteer on four separate occasions. The plasma concentration-time curves are plotted below.
Which of the following features best explains why formulation W produces the largest plasma concentration-time curve of the drug?
A. Highest absorption through gut wall
B. Lowest first-pass effect
C. Lowest hepatic clearance
D. Highest volume of distribution
E. Lowest drug elimination
Difficulty level: Easy
11. A 26-year-old man became inebriated after drinking several glasses of alcoholic beverages at a party. Ethanol is a polar, nonionizable drug with an approximate molecular weight of 46 daltons. Which of the following permeation processes mediated the man’s intestinal absorption of ethanol?
A. Aqueous diffusion
B. Bulk flow transport
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Active transport
E. Endocytosis
Difficulty level: Hard
12. A 44-year-old man took a large dose of acetaminophen in aqueous solution to treat an excruciating headache. Two hours later, the pain was not diminished. Because acetaminophen should be effective in about 30 minutes after its oral administration, which of the following conditions most likely delayed the oral absorption of the drug in this patient?
A. A moderate increase in intestinal peristalsis
B. The presence of strong pain
C. The administration of the drug in aqueous solution
D. A large volume of distribution of the drug
E. A very low clearance of the drug
Difficulty level: Medium
13. A 22-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department after a car accident. The woman had extensive brain trauma and multiple fractures. She complained of severe pain, and the attending physician planned to administer morphine. The physician knew that the dose should be carefully titrated because the entry of morphine into the patient’s central nervous system (CNS) was most likely higher than normal. Which of the following factors is most likely to have increased morphine entry into the CNS of this patient?
A. The high first-pass effect of the drug
B. The brain trauma of the patient
C. The young age of the patient
D. The low clearance of the drug
E. The high ionization of the drug
Difficulty level: Easy
14. A 67-year-old woman recently diagnosed with atrial fibrillation started treatment with atenolol, 100 mg/d. With this dose, the percentage of atenolol bound to plasma proteins is about 5%. Which of the following would have been the bound percentage of atenolol if a...
