Augustin Multifunctional Metallic Hollow Sphere Structures

Manufacturing, Properties and Application
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-3-642-00491-9
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 258 Seiten

Reihe: Engineering Materials

Multifunctional Metallic Hollow Sphere Structures are an emerging new material category, belonging like metal foams to the class cellular metals. Thanks to their advantageous mechanical and sound absorbing properties, Multifunctional Metallic Hollow Sphere Structures are very promising for various applications and our technological knowledge makes them ready for industrial usage. This reference gives a complete overview on this new materials class, the fundamentals, the applications and the perspective for future use. It provides the foundations for a profound understanding (production and processing), their physical properties (surface properties and stalility) and applicaltion (in particular for sound absorption and chemical adsorption in structural parts). The book is written for material scientists, product designers and developers as well as academic researches and scientists.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Augustin, Christian

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contents;5
2;Introduction;7
2.1;References;9
3;History and Production of Hollow Spheres;10
3.1;History;10
3.1.1;The Term “Hollow Sphere”;10
3.1.2;Patents as a Fundus of Science History;10
3.1.3;Cupping with Moulds;11
3.1.4;Spray Drying;13
3.1.5;Further Technologies;16
3.1.6;Specific Hollow Sphere Production Routines;20
3.1.7;Conclusion to the Historical Background of the Hollow Sphere Concept;23
3.1.8;The Path to “Modern” Hollow Spheres;23
3.2;An Advance Technology Platform;26
3.2.1;Materials Used for Production;27
3.2.2;Coating;27
3.2.3;Heat Treatment;29
3.2.4;Debinding;29
3.2.5;Sintering;29
3.2.6;Moulding;30
3.2.7;Gluing;30
3.2.8;Sintering;30
3.2.9;Hollow Spheres as Compounds;31
3.2.10;Hollow Spheres as Lost Cores;31
3.2.11;Brazing;31
3.2.12;Machining;32
3.2.13;Conventional Mechanical Treatment;32
3.2.14;Cutting Technology;32
3.2.15;Costs;33
3.2.16;Development Status;33
3.3;References;34
4;Geometrical Properties of Hollow Sphere Structures;36
4.1;Introduction;36
4.2;Connection of Single Spheres;37
4.2.1;Basic Configuration;37
4.2.2;Calculation of the Bond Volume;40
4.3;Spatial Arrangements of Spheres and Morphologies;43
4.3.1;Basic Configurations;43
4.3.2;Calculation of Volume Fractions, Densities and Further Geometrical Properties;46
4.4;References;50
5;Elastic-Plastic Properties: Simulation and Experiment;52
5.1;Introduction;52
5.2;Continuum Mechanics;55
5.3;Methodology;57
5.3.1;Numerical Simulation;57
5.3.2;Experimental Approach;61
5.4;Numerical Results;61
5.4.1;Adhesively Bonded MHSS;61
5.4.2;Homogeneous MHSS;65
5.4.3;Analysis of Isotropy;67
5.5;Experimental Findings;69
5.6;Summary;72
5.7;References;73
6;On the Vibroacoustic Behaviour of HSS;76
6.1;The Vibrational Behaviour of Hollow Sphere Structures;76
6.1.1;Theoretical Background / Motivation;76
6.1.2;Experiments on HSS;77
6.1.3;Vibration Analysis by Numerical Simulation;79
6.1.4;Validation Process;80
6.2;The Acoustical Behaviour of HSS;83
6.2.1;Introduction;83
6.2.2;Experimental Method;85
6.2.3;Theoretical Background of Measurement;86
6.2.4;Comparison with Theory of Sound in Porous Media;86
6.2.5;Results;88
6.3;Summary;91
6.4;Conclusion;91
6.5;References;92
6.6;Appendix;92
7;Thermal Properties of Hollow Spheres;94
7.1;Introduction;94
7.1.1;Thermal Properties;94
7.1.2;Experimental Methods to Determine Thermal Conductivity;95
7.1.3;Thermal Conductivity in Cellular Materials;97
7.2;Thermal Conductivity as a Function of MHSS Parameters;98
7.2.1;MHSS Main Characteristics;99
7.2.2;Models to Estimate Thermal Conductivity;100
7.2.3;Comparative Results within Maxwell Model;105
7.3;Comparison with Other Cellular Metallic Materials;109
7.4;The Role of Thermal Conductivity in Processing, Post-processing and Applications;110
7.5;References;111
8;Hollow Spheres in Composite Materials and Metallic Hollow Sphere Composites (MHSC);113
8.1;Introduction;113
8.2;Raw Materials;114
8.2.1;Bonding Medium;115
8.2.2;Hollow Spheres;116
8.3;Production and Nomenclature of MHSC;118
8.4;Properties of MHSC;120
8.4.1;Mechanical Properties of MHSC;120
8.4.2;Optimisation of the Mechanical Properties of MHSC;124
8.4.3;Magnetical Properties of MHSC;127
8.4.4;Thermal Properties of MHSC;127
8.5;Application of MHSC;129
8.5.1;Application of MHSC as Material in Composites;130
8.5.2;Application of MHSC as Core or Filled Material;136
8.6;Conclusions;137
8.7;References;138
9;Dynamic Behaviour of Metallic Hollow Sphere Structures;141
9.1;Introduction;141
9.1.1;Strain Rate Sensitivity;142
9.1.2;Impact Energy Absorption;144
9.1.3;Internal Pore Pressure Influence;145
9.2;Computational Models of MHSS;145
9.2.1;CAD and FE Model;145
9.2.2;Material Properties;146
9.2.3;Initial and Boundary Conditions;146
9.2.4;Computational Simulations;147
9.3;Dynamic Behaviour of MHSS – Computational Results;149
9.3.1;Behaviour of MHSS with Syntactic and Partial Morphology;149
9.3.2;Influence of the Sphere Thickness and Topology;151
9.3.3;Influence of the Morphology;154
9.3.4;Influence of the Strain Rate Sensitivity;155
9.3.5;Influence of the Internal Pore Pressure;156
9.4;Discussion;157
9.5;Conclusions;160
9.6;References;160
10;Fatigue of Metal Hollow Spheres Structures;163
10.1;Introduction;163
10.2;Literature Review;164
10.2.1;Materials;165
10.2.2;Macroscopic Fatigue Properties;166
10.3;Damage Mechanisms;170
10.3.1;XRCT Setup;170
10.3.2;Qualitative DamageMechanisms;172
10.3.3;Quantification of the DamageMechanisms;175
10.3.4;Quantification of the Densification;175
10.4;A First Step Towards Modelling: Determining the Local Stresses;176
10.4.1;Preamble: A Density Limit for the Meshing of Tomographic Images Using Continuum Elements;176
10.4.2;Shell FE Model with Thickness Measurement;177
10.4.3;FE Model;179
10.4.4;Model Validation;181
10.4.5;Local Validation;184
10.5;Conclusion;184
10.6;References;185
11;Design of Functional Properties for Composite Spherical Granulates: Functional Design of Spherical Granulate Composites;187
11.1;Introduction;187
11.2;Zeolites;188
11.3;Non-stationary Diffusion Model;189
11.4;Practical Model Applications: Designing the Adsorbent;191
11.4.1;Application: Measuring the Improved Mass Transfer Coefficient;191
11.4.2;Application: Increasing the Mass Transfer (D_{eff}/R^{2});193
11.4.3;Applications of Composite Granulated Sorbents to Gas Separations in Reduced- or Zero Emission Power Plants (RZEPP);194
11.4.4;Applications to Catalysts;194
11.5;Summary;197
11.6;References;197
12;Problems in the Identification of Application Areas of Hollow Spheres and Hollow Sphere Structures;198
12.1;Time and Idea;198
12.1.1;Is Product Innovation Just Gambling?;199
12.1.2;Invention and Innovation;201
12.2;Hollomet Product Development;203
12.2.1;Invention and Creativity;206
12.3;Application Search Hollow Spheres;207
12.3.1;Projects in the Development at Hollomet;209
12.4;Conclusion;214
12.5;References;215
13;Application of Hollow Sphere Structures and Composites in Processing Machines;216
13.1;Introduction;216
13.2;Requirements for Materials in Processing Machines;217
13.2.1;Functional Classes in Processing Machines;217
13.2.2;Hygienic Requirements for Surfaces with Food Contact;218
13.2.3;Requirements for Materials of Class I;219
13.2.4;Requirements for Materials of Class II;219
13.2.5;Requirements for Materials of Class III;220
13.2.6;Requirements for Materials of Class IV;220
13.3;Application of MHS in Processing Machines;221
13.3.1;Application of MHS in Material Class I;222
13.3.2;Application of MHS in Material Class II;222
13.3.3;Application in Material Class III;223
13.3.4;Application of MHS in Material Class IV;223
13.4;Conclusion;224
13.5;References;224
14;Screening of Available Hollow Structures in Regard to Noise Reduction in Automobile Applications;226
14.1;Selection of Material;226
14.2;Sound Velocity;228
14.3;Sound Damping;230
14.4;Structures with Internal Cavities;234
14.5;Foams;236
14.6;Sponges;237
14.7;Hollow Spheres;237
14.8;Open Sintered Metals;238
14.9;Skinned Honeycombs;239
14.10;Flanged Sheets, Skinned Corrugated Structures, Expanded Structures, Nap-Structured Sheets and Punged Sheets;240
14.11;Skins with Fibres and Fabrics as Spacers;241
14.12;Literature;242
15;Commented Literature for Hollow Spheres and Hollow Sphere Structures;243
15.1;Monographs and Textbooks Related to Cellular Materials;243
15.2;Conference Proceedings Books Related to Cellular Materials;244
15.3;Patents Related to Hollow Spheres and Hollow Sphere Structures;244
15.4;Journal Papers Related to Hollow Spheres and Hollow Sphere Structures;250
15.4.1;Manufacturing;250
15.4.2;Structural Characterisation;250
15.4.3;Mechanical Properties;250
15.4.4;Thermal Properties;253
15.5;Doctor Theses;253
15.6;Other Communications Related to Hollow Spheres and Hollow Sphere Structure;254
16;Index;255
17;Author Index;259