Anderson / Friedman / Bendinelli Microorganisms and Bioterrorism

1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-0-387-28159-9
Verlag: Springer US
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 240 Seiten

Reihe: Infectious Agents and Pathogenesis

The purpose of this book is to bring together, in a single volume, the most up-to-date information concerning microbes with potential as bioterrorist weapons. The primary audience includes microbiologists, including bacteriologists, virologists and mycologists, in academia, government laboratories and research institutes at the forefront of studies concerning microbes which have potential as bioterrorist weapons, public health physicians and researchers and scientists who must be trained to deal with bioterrorist attacks as well as laboratory investigators who must identify and characterize these microorganisms from the environment and from possibly infected patients.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Anderson, Burt

Friedman, Herman

Bendinelli, Mauro

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contributors;6
2;Preface to the Series;9
3;Introduction;11
4;Contents;14
5;1 Biotechnology and the Public Health Response to Bioterrorism;20
5.1;1. INTRODUCTION;20
5.2;2. US PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE INFRASTRUCTURE—THE LABORATORY RESPONSE NETWORK;21
5.3;3. DETECTION, MONITORING, AND IDENTIFICATION OF BT AGENTS;24
5.4;4. THE POTENTIAL FOR MISUSE OF BIOTECHOLOGY;27
5.5;5. BIOTECHNOLOGY, PUBLIC HEALTH INTEREST AND THE EXCHANGE OF SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION;29
5.6;SUMMARY;31
5.7;REFERENCES;31
6;2 Historical Perspectives of Microbial Bioterrorism;33
6.1;1. INTRODUCTION;33
6.2;2. EARLY USE OF BIOLOGICAL AGENTS IN WARFARE;35
6.3;3. THE GERM THEORY AND BIOTERRORISM;38
6.4;4. CONCLUDING REMARKS AND PERSPECTIVES;45
6.5;REFERENCES;45
7;3 The Infectious Disease Physician and Microbial Bioterrorism;48
7.1;1. INTRODUCTION;48
7.2;2. THE EVOLUTION OF THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY, INFECTION, AND BIOTERRORISM;48
7.3;3. THE EVOLVING PRACTICE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE;50
7.4;4. INTEGRATING THE INFECTIOUS DISEASE PHYSICIAN WITH PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE;50
7.5;5. PREVENTION, EARLY RECOGNITION, AND THE INFECTIOUS DISEASE PHYSICIAN;51
7.6;6. EDUCATION, THE INFECTIOUS DISEASE PHYSICIAN, AND PREPAREDNESS;53
7.7;SUMMARY;54
7.8;REFERENCES;54
8;4 Modulation of Innate Immunity to Protect Against Biological Weapon Threat;56
8.1;1. BIOTERRORISM AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS THREAT;56
8.2;2. IMMUNE SYSTEM;62
8.3;3. INNATE IMMUNITY;64
8.4;4. PULMONARY INNATE IMMUNITY;65
8.5;5. MODULATION OF IMMUNITY FOR PROTECTION AGAINST INFECTION;70
8.6;6. MODULATION OF INNATE IMMUNITY TO PROTECT AGAINST BIOLOGICAL WEAPON THREAT—A SUMMARY;74
8.7;REFERENCES;75
9;5 Smallpox: Pathogenesis and Host Immune Responses Relevant to Vaccine and Therapeutic Strategies;79
9.1;1. INTRODUCTION;79
9.2;2. HISTORY OF SMALLPOX INFECTION AND ITS ERADICATION;80
9.3;3. CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES;81
9.4;4. VIRUS STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION;83
9.5;5. PATHOGENESIS, HOST DEFENSE, AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE;83
9.6;6. FEATURES OF SMALLPOX MAKING IT A LIKELY BIOTERROR AGENT;85
9.7;7. HISTORY AND POTENTIAL OF SMALLPOX AS A BIOWEAPON;85
9.8;8. SMALLPOX VACCINES AND ANTIVIRAL THERAPIES;86
9.9;9. CONCLUSIONS;92
9.10;REFERENCES;92
10;6 Bacillus anthracis: Agent of Bioterror and Disease;98
10.1;1. INTRODUCTION;98
10.2;2. CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF ANTHRAX;99
10.3;3. B. anthracis AND BIOTERROR;101
10.4;4. EVOLUTION INTO A PATHOGEN;102
10.5;5. SPORE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION;103
10.6;6. VIRULENCE FACTORS;109
10.7;7. B. anthracis AND MACROPHAGE INTERACTIONS;118
10.8;8. VACCINE AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES;122
10.9;REFERENCES;126
11;7 Tularemia Pathogenesis and Immunity;136
11.1;1. INTRODUCTION;136
11.2;2. PATHOGENESIS;138
11.3;3. IMMUNITY;143
11.4;CONCLUSIONS;148
11.5;REFERENCES;148
12;8 Brucella and Bioterrorism;153
12.1;1. INTRODUCTION;153
12.2;2. BRUCELLOSIS: A ZOONOTIC DISEASE;153
12.3;3. CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF HUMAN BRUCELLOSIS;154
12.4;4. LIFE WITHIN THE MACROPHAGE AND SUBVERSION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSES;156
12.5;5. HISTORY OF THE USE OF BRUCELLA AS AN AGENT OF BIOLOGICAL WARFARE;157
12.6;6. IMPACT OF AN ATTACK USING BRUCELLA AS AN AGENT OF BIOTERRORISM;158
12.7;7. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF BRUCELLOSIS;159
12.8;8. VACCINE DEVELOPMENT: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE FUTURE;161
12.9;9. SUMMARY;163
12.10;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;163
12.11;REFERENCES;164
13;9 Pneumonic Plague;168
13.1;1. INTRODUCTION;168
13.2;2. PLAGUE IN HUMANS;169
13.3;3. BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS;175
13.4;4. BACTERIAL GENETICS;181
13.5;5. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PNEUMONIC PLAGUE;182
13.6;6. CURRENT AND FUTURE NEEDS;187
13.7;REFERENCES;187
14;10 Coxiella burnetii, Q Fever, and Bioterrorism;193
14.1;1. INTRODUCTION;193
14.2;2. A BRIEF HISTORY;193
14.3;3. Q FEVER;195
14.4;4. EPIDEMIOLOGY;196
14.5;5. Coxiella burnetii LIFECYCLE STAGES;197
14.6;6. Coxiella burnetii GENOME;198
14.7;7. LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE;199
14.8;8. PHASE TRANSITION;200
14.9;9. INVASION OF HOST CELLS;202
14.10;10. ENVIRONMENT OF ACIDIFIED PHAGOSOME;203
14.11;11. METABOLIC PATHWAYS;204
14.12;12. TRANSPORT;204
14.13;13. TRANSFORMATION STUDIES;206
14.14;14. Coxiella burnetii OUTBREAKS IN THE MILITARY;206
14.15;15. Coxiella burnetii AS A BIOLOGICAL WEAPON;207
14.16;16. STERILIZATION/DISINFECTION;209
14.17;17. DETECTION METHODS;209
14.18;18. TREATMENTS OF Q FEVER;211
14.19;19. VACCINE;212
14.20;REFERENCES;212
15;11 Genomic and Proteomic Approaches Against Q Fever;221
15.1;1. INTRODUCTION;221
15.2;2. DISEASE AND THREAT;221
15.3;3. HOST–PARASITE INTERACTION;222
15.4;4. SECRETION OF VIRULENCE FACTORS;224
15.5;5. PATHOGENESIS;225
15.6;6. ISOLATE DIVERSITY AND VIRULENCE;226
15.7;7. ACQUIRED IMMUNITY;227
15.8;8. WHOLE CELL C. burnetii VACCINES;229
15.9;9. NEW OPPORTUNITIES WITH GENOMIC AND PROTEOMIC APPROACHES;232
15.10;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;233
15.11;REFERENCES;233
16;12 Rickettsia rickettsii and Other Members of the Spotted Fever Group as Potential Bioweapons;239
16.1;1. INTRODUCTION;239
16.2;2. SFG RICKETTSIAE WITH BIOWEAPON POTENTIAL;240
16.3;3. FEASIBILITY OF OBTAINING, PROPAGATING, STABLIZING, AND WEAPONIZING SFG RICKETTSIAE;241
16.4;4. METHODS OF DISPERSAL;242
16.5;5. PATHOGENESIS OF AEROSOL TRANSMISSION;243
16.6;6. AVAILABLE METHODS FOR DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION;244
16.7;7. NEEDED COUNTERMEASURES;245
16.8;REFERENCES;246
17;Index;248