Alt Advances in Immunology

1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-0-08-088877-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 139 Seiten

Advances in Immunology, a long-established and highly respected publication, presents current developments as well as comprehensive reviews in immunology. Articles address the wide range of topics that comprise immunology, including molecular and cellular activation mechanisms, phylogeny and molecular evolution, and clinical modalities. Edited and authored by the foremost scientists in the field, each volume provides up-to-date information and directions for future research.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Alt, Frederick W.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Advances in Immunology;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Contents;6
5;Contributors;8
6;Chapter 1: The Physiological Role of Lysyl tRNA Synthetase in the Immune System;10
6.1;1. Gene Sharing and Noncanonical Protein Roles;11
6.2;2. Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases (AaRSs) and the Multisynthetas Complex;12
6.2.1;2.1. General description;12
6.2.2;2.2. The multisynthetase complex as a protein ``depot´´;15
6.3;3. LysRS;17
6.3.1;3.1. Structural and molecular characteristics;17
6.3.2;3.2. Interacting proteins;18
6.3.2.1;3.2.1. PDZ domain interactions;19
6.3.2.2;3.2.2. Elongation factor 1A (EF-1A) and LysRS;20
6.3.2.3;3.2.3. Mutated superoxide dismutase;21
6.3.3;3.3. LysRS and the autoimmune response;22
6.3.4;3.4. Functional roles;22
6.3.4.1;3.4.1. Lysine residue adenylation;23
6.3.4.2;3.4.2. Synthesis of dinucleotides;23
6.3.4.3;3.4.3. LysRS as a cytokine-like molecule;24
6.3.4.4;3.4.4. Physiological roles of LysRS;25
6.3.4.4.1;3.4.4.1. LysRS and transcription factors;25
6.3.4.4.2;3.4.4.2. LysRS and HIV;28
6.4;4. Concluding Remarks;30
6.5;References;30
7;Chapter 2: Kill the Bacteriahellipand Also Their Messengers?;38
7.1;1. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Sensing by MD-2-TLR4;39
7.2;2. Acyloxyacyl Hydrolase;40
7.2.1;2.1. Structure, biosynthesis;41
7.2.2;2.2. Enzymatic activity;45
7.3;3. LPS Deacylation In Vivo;45
7.4;4. Inactivating LPS In Vivo;47
7.4.1;4.1. AOAH-dependent phenotypes;48
7.4.1.1;4.1.1. Prolonged elevations in polyclonal plasma IgM and IgG3 antibodies;48
7.4.1.2;4.1.2. Persistent hepatomegaly;49
7.4.1.3;4.1.3. Prolonged tolerance and immunosuppression;50
7.4.1.4;4.1.4. Do AOAH-dependent phenotypes require exposure to LPS?;50
7.4.2;4.2. AOAH-dependent immunomodulation: Only in vivo?;51
7.4.3;4.3. Providing AOAH prevents prolonged responses to LPS in vivo;51
7.5;5. Potential Clinical Connections;52
7.5.1;5.1. AOAH deficiency;52
7.5.2;5.2. Host inactivation of microbial agonists other than LPS;52
7.6;6. Conclusion;53
7.7;Acknowledments;53
7.8;References;53
8;Chapter 3: Role of SOCS in Allergic and Innate Immune Responses;58
8.1;1. Atopic Immune Responses;60
8.2;2. SOCS Family;62
8.3;3. SOCS Genes;67
8.3.1;3.1. Evolution;67
8.3.2;3.2. SOCS1;67
8.3.2.1;3.2.1. Roles of SOCS1 domains;68
8.3.2.2;3.2.2. Knockout mouse studies;68
8.3.2.3;3.2.3. SOCS1 in innate immunity;70
8.3.2.4;3.2.4. SOCS1 in adaptive immune responses;72
8.3.3;3.3. CIS;72
8.3.4;3.4. SOCS2;73
8.3.5;3.5. SOCS3;73
8.3.5.1;3.5.1. SOCS3 in dendritic cells;74
8.3.5.2;3.5.2. SOCS3 in adaptive immunity;75
8.3.5.3;3.5.3. SOCS3 in cancer;75
8.3.6;3.6. SOCS4;76
8.3.7;3.7. SOCS5;76
8.3.8;3.8. SOCS6;77
8.3.9;3.9. SOCS7;77
8.4;4. Conclusion;78
8.5;References;79
9;Chapter 4: Multitasking by Exploitation of Intracellular Transport Functions: The Many Faces of FcRn;86
9.1;1. Introduction;88
9.2;2. FcRn: A Historical Perspective;88
9.3;3. FcRn is a Multitasking Receptor;89
9.3.1;3.1. A role for FcRn in regulating IgG levels;89
9.3.2;3.2. FcRn-mediated transport of IgG across cellular barriers: Opportunities for drug delivery;91
9.3.3;3.3. FcRn can deliver antigen for presentation;92
9.3.4;3.4. Possible functions of FcRn in specialized cell types;92
9.4;4. The Molecular Nature of FcRn-IgG Interactions;93
9.4.1;4.1. The interaction site for FcRn on IgG;93
9.4.2;4.2. The interaction site for IgG on FcRn;94
9.4.3;4.3. The stoichiometry of the FcRn-IgG interaction;96
9.5;5. The Intracellular Trafficking of FcRn;96
9.5.1;5.1. A model for FcRn trafficking;96
9.5.2;5.2. Endosomal sorting of IgGs within endothelial cells;98
9.5.3;5.3. Exocytic processes that result in IgG release from endothelial cells;99
9.5.4;5.4. Imaging FcRn trafficking in three dimensions using multifocal plane microscopy;100
9.5.5;5.5. FcRn trafficking in polarized epithelial cells;101
9.5.6;5.6. Molecular determinants and effectors of FcRn trafficking;102
9.5.7;5.7. Effects of ligand valency on intracellular trafficking;104
9.6;6. Regulation of FcRn Expression;105
9.7;7. The Complexity of Engineering FcRn-IgG Interactions;106
9.7.1;7.1. Antibody engineering: From variable to constant regions;106
9.7.2;7.2. Modulating the pharmacokinetic properties of IgG: The importance of pH dependence;107
9.7.3;7.3. Generation of inhibitors of FcRn function to lower endogenous IgG levels;108
9.8;8. Cross-Species Differences in FcRn-Binding Specificity and Implications for Preclinical Models;111
9.9;9. Concluding Remarks;113
9.10;Acknowledments;113
9.11;References;113
10;Subject Index;126
11;Contents of Recent Volumes;132