Agarwal / Gupta / Sharma Advanced Engine Diagnostics

1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-981-13-3275-3
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 257 Seiten

Reihe: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability

This book describes the discusses advanced fuels and combustion, emission control techniques, after-treatment systems, simulations and fault diagnostics, including discussions on different  engine diagnostic techniques such as particle image velocimetry (PIV), phase Doppler interferometry (PDI), laser ignition. This volume bridges the gap between basic concepts and advanced research in internal combustion engine diagnostics, making it a useful reference for both students and researchers whose work focuses on achieving higher fuel efficiency and lowering emissions. 

Avinash K Agarwal is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering in Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. His areas of interest are IC engines, combustion, alternative fuels, conventional fuels, optical diagnostics, laser ignition, HCCI, emission and particulate control, and large bore engines. He has published 24 books and 230+ international journal and conference papers. Prof. Agarwal is a Fellow of SAE (2012), ASME (2013), ISEES (2015) and INAE (2015). He received several awards such as Prestigious Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award-2016 in Engineering Sciences, Rajib Goyal prize-2015, NASI-Reliance Industries Platinum Jubilee Award-2012; INAE Silver Jubilee Young Engineer Award-2012; SAE International's Ralph R. Teetor Educational Award-2008; INSA Young Scientist Award-2007; UICT Young Scientist Award-2007; INAE Young Engineer Award-2005.
Jai Gopal Gupta is a faculty member in the Government Women Engineering College, Ajmer, India. He has done his PhD from the Department of Mechanical Engineering in IIT Kanpur and his research interests include performance, emission and combustion analysis in internal combustion engines, alternative fuels, and renewable energy resources. He has worked with the Combustion Engine and Energy Conversion (CEnEC) laboratory, Hanyang University, South Korea under the Indo-Korean Research Internship (KRI) Program. He has edited a book and authored 2 book chapters and 13 research articles.
Nikhil Sharma is a scientist in the Engine Research Laboratory in IIT Kanpur, India. He received his M.Tech. in Mechanical Engineering from NIT Hamirpur, India in 2012. and his Ph.D. from IIT Kanpur, in 2017. He was an assistant professor at Amity University's Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Noida as an. His areas of research include alternative fuels for IC engines (biodiesel, alcohols), emission control and particulate characterisation.
Dr. Akhilendra Pratap Singh is a CSIR Pool Scientist at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. He received his Masters and PhD in Mechanical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India in 2010 and 2016 respectively. His areas of research include advanced low temperature combustion; optical diagnostics with special reference to engine endoscopy and PIV; combustion diagnostics; engine emissions measurement; particulate characterization and their control; and alternative fuels. Dr. Singh has edited 5 books and authored 17 book chapters, 34 research articles in journals and conferences. He is a member of numerous professional societies, including SAE, ASME, and ISEES. He is a member of the editorial board of the 'Journal of Energy, Environment and Sustainability'.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Agarwal, Avinash Kumar

Gupta, Jai Gopal

Sharma, Nikhil

Singh, Akhilendra Pratap

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;9
3;Editors and Contributors;11
4;General;15
5;1 Introduction to Advanced Engine Diagnostics;16
5.1;Abstract;16
5.2;References;19
6;Advanced Fuels and Combustion Techniques;20
7;2 Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion Using Alcohols;21
7.1;Abstract;21
7.2;2.1 Introduction;22
7.3;2.2 Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI);23
7.4;2.3 RCCI Combustion Using Alcohols;29
7.5;2.4 Parameters Affecting RCCI Combustion;33
7.5.1;2.4.1 Effect of Fuel Injection Strategy;33
7.5.2;2.4.2 Effect of Intake Air Temperature and Pressure;34
7.5.3;2.4.3 Effect of Fuel Reactivity;35
7.6;2.5 Conclusions and Recommendations;37
7.7;References;38
8;3 Effect of Hydrogen and Producer Gas Addition on the Performance and Emissions on a Dual-Fuel Diesel Engine;41
8.1;Abstract;41
8.2;3.1 Introduction;42
8.2.1;3.1.1 Background;42
8.2.2;3.1.2 Engine Technologies;43
8.2.2.1;3.1.2.1 Dual-Fuel Engine Concept;43
8.2.2.2;3.1.2.2 Biomass Gasification;43
8.2.2.3;3.1.2.3 Modification in IC Engines;44
8.2.3;3.1.3 Fuel Options;44
8.2.3.1;3.1.3.1 Hydrogen and Producer Gas as an Alternative Fuel;45
8.2.4;3.1.4 Literature Reviews;45
8.3;3.2 Experimental Investigation on Dual-Fuel Engine;49
8.3.1;3.2.1 Basic Experimental Configuration;49
8.3.2;3.2.2 Test Rig Description;49
8.3.2.1;3.2.2.1 Biogasifier;49
8.3.2.2;3.2.2.2 Diesel Engine;49
8.3.2.3;3.2.2.3 The Generator;50
8.3.2.4;3.2.2.4 Control Panel;52
8.3.3;3.2.3 Engine Modifications;52
8.3.3.1;3.2.3.1 Engine Fuel Supply System Modification;52
8.3.3.2;3.2.3.2 Engine Cooling System Modification;53
8.3.3.3;3.2.3.3 Exhaust System Modification;54
8.3.4;3.2.4 Developments of Measuring Units;54
8.3.4.1;3.2.4.1 Air Measurement System;54
8.3.4.2;3.2.4.2 Fuel Measurement System;54
8.3.4.3;3.2.4.3 Engine Speed Measurements;55
8.3.4.4;3.2.4.4 Pressure Measurement System;55
8.3.4.5;3.2.4.5 Emission Measurements;55
8.3.4.6;3.2.4.6 High-Speed Data Acquisition System;55
8.4;3.3 Experimentation on Dual-Fuel Engine with Hydrogen and Producer Gas;56
8.4.1;3.3.1 Experimental Procedure;56
8.4.2;3.3.2 Gaseous Fuel Substitution;57
8.4.3;3.3.3 Performance Parameters;57
8.5;3.4 Results and Discussion;58
8.5.1;3.4.1 Experimental Results with Producer Gas and Hydrogen Blend as Secondary Fuel;58
8.5.2;3.4.2 Performances;58
8.5.2.1;3.4.2.1 Brake Thermal Efficiency;58
8.5.2.2;3.4.2.2 Brake-Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC);58
8.5.2.3;3.4.2.3 Gaseous Fuel Substitution Rate;59
8.5.2.4;3.4.2.4 Volumetric Efficiency;60
8.5.3;3.4.3 Exhaust Emissions;61
8.5.3.1;3.4.3.1 CO Emissions;61
8.5.3.2;3.4.3.2 CO2 Emissions;62
8.5.3.3;3.4.3.3 HC Emissions;63
8.5.3.4;3.4.3.4 NOx Emissions;65
8.6;3.5 Conclusions;66
8.7;References;67
9;4 Characteristics of Particulates Emitted by IC Engines Using Advanced Combustion Strategies;69
9.1;Abstract;69
9.2;4.1 Introduction;70
9.3;4.2 Particulate Composition and Formation;71
9.4;4.3 Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) Strategies for Particulate Reduction;73
9.4.1;4.3.1 HCCI Combustion;74
9.4.2;4.3.2 PCCI Combustion;76
9.4.3;4.3.3 RCCI Combustion;79
9.5;4.4 Conclusions;81
9.6;References;82
10;Emission Control Techniques and After-Treatment Systems;84
11;5 Modelling and Experimental Studies of NOx and Soot Emissions in Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engines;85
11.1;Abstract;85
11.2;5.1 Introduction;86
11.3;5.2 Overview and Features of CRDI;88
11.3.1;5.2.1 State-of-the-Art;89
11.3.1.1;5.2.1.1 Double Pulse Injection;90
11.3.1.2;5.2.1.2 Multiple Pulse Injection;90
11.3.2;5.2.2 Strategies to Improve the NOx-Soot Tradeoff;91
11.3.2.1;5.2.2.1 Effect of Start of Injection and Pilot Fuel Quantity;91
11.3.2.2;5.2.2.2 Effect of Dwell Between Pilot and Main Pulse;92
11.3.2.3;5.2.2.3 Effect of Post Injection Timing and Post Fuel Quantity;92
11.3.2.4;5.2.2.4 Effect of Dwell Between Main and Post Pulse;93
11.3.2.5;5.2.2.5 Effect of EGR;93
11.4;5.3 Modeling of Diesel Engines;93
11.4.1;5.3.1 Diesel Engine Modeling;94
11.4.2;5.3.2 Development and Features of Phenomenological Modeling;94
11.4.3;5.3.3 Detailed Modeling of Essential Physics of Diesel Engine Processes;95
11.4.3.1;5.3.3.1 Zoning;95
11.4.3.2;5.3.3.2 Air Entrainment and Spray Penetration;95
11.4.3.3;5.3.3.3 Fuel Atomization and Evaporation;96
11.4.3.4;5.3.3.4 Ignition and Combustion;96
11.4.3.5;5.3.3.5 Thermodynamic Analysis;97
11.4.4;5.3.4 Emission (NOx and Soot) Modeling;97
11.5;5.4 Model Validation and Parametric Studies;98
11.5.1;5.4.1 Literature Review;98
11.5.2;5.4.2 Parametric Investigation;99
11.5.3;5.4.3 Summary;99
11.6;5.5 Impact of Biofuels;101
11.6.1;5.5.1 Effect of Fuel Response;102
11.6.2;5.5.2 Effect of Engine Response;104
11.6.3;5.5.3 Coupled Effects and Control Methods;106
11.6.4;5.5.4 Summary;107
11.7;5.6 Conclusions and Future Scope;108
11.8;References;109
12;6 On-Board Post-Combustion Emission Control Strategies for Diesel Engine in India to Meet Bharat Stage VI Norms;114
12.1;Abstract;114
12.2;6.1 Introduction;114
12.2.1;6.1.1 Worldwide Scenario of Emission Norms;115
12.2.1.1;6.1.1.1 European Standards History;115
12.2.2;6.1.2 Implementation of Emission Norms in India;118
12.3;6.2 Role of On-Board Diagnostic Device;119
12.4;6.3 Technology Upgradation in Conforming to BS IV to BS VI;121
12.4.1;6.3.1 Importance of the Fuel Quality;121
12.4.2;6.3.2 Advanced Engine Combustion Strategies;123
12.4.2.1;6.3.2.1 Low-Temperature Combustion Strategy;123
12.4.2.2;6.3.2.2 Clean Diesel Combustion Strategy;124
12.4.3;6.3.3 Exhaust After-Treatment Strategies;124
12.4.3.1;6.3.3.1 Oxidation Catalysts;124
12.4.3.2;6.3.3.2 Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF);126
12.4.3.3;6.3.3.3 Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR);128
12.4.3.4;6.3.3.4 Combined PM and NOx Control Technologies;130
12.5;6.4 Concerns and Conflicts;130
12.6;6.5 Conclusions;132
12.7;References;132
13;7 Non-Noble Metal-Based Catalysts for the Application of Soot Oxidation;135
13.1;Abstract;135
13.2;7.1 Introduction;135
13.2.1;7.1.1 Transition and Alkali Metal-Based Catalysts;136
13.2.2;7.1.2 Perovskite-Based Catalysts;142
13.2.3;7.1.3 Summary;148
13.3;References;148
14;8 Ceria-based Mixed Oxide Nanoparticles for Diesel Engine Emission Control;151
14.1;Abstract;151
14.2;8.1 Introduction;152
14.3;8.2 Cerium Oxide—An Excellent Catalyst;153
14.4;8.3 Synthesis of Ceria-Based Mixed Oxide Nanoparticles;156
14.4.1;8.3.1 Precipitation Method;156
14.4.2;8.3.2 Co-precipitation Method;156
14.4.3;8.3.3 Flame Spray Pyrolysis;157
14.5;8.4 Characterization of Catalytic Nanoparticles;159
14.5.1;8.4.1 Textural and Structural Properties;159
14.5.2;8.4.2 Thermal and Catalytic Properties;162
14.6;8.5 Synthesis of Nanofluid;164
14.6.1;8.5.1 Stability Study;164
14.7;8.6 Engine Performance and Emission Study;165
14.8;8.7 Conclusion;169
14.9;References;169
15;Simulations and Fault Diagnostics;172
16;9 Model-Based Fault Detection on Modern Automotive Engines;173
16.1;Abstract;173
16.2;9.1 Introduction;174
16.3;9.2 Open-Loop Modeling of Diagnostic System;176
16.3.1;9.2.1 Nominal System Behavior of LTI Systems;176
16.3.2;9.2.2 Modeling of Faulty System;177
16.4;9.3 Closed-Loop Modeling of Diagnostic System;179
16.5;9.4 Fault Classification;181
16.5.1;9.4.1 Fault Classification Based on Time Dependency;181
16.5.2;9.4.2 Fault Classification Based on System Interaction;182
16.5.3;9.4.3 Fault Classification Based on Component Failure;183
16.6;9.5 Desired Features of Fault Diagnosis System;185
16.7;9.6 Techniques for Residual Generation;186
16.7.1;9.6.1 State Observer-Based Approach;187
16.7.2;9.6.2 Output Observer-Based Approach;189
16.7.3;9.6.3 Unknown Input Observer-Based Approach;193
16.8;9.7 Residual Evaluation and Threshold Computation;195
16.9;9.8 Fault Detection in Airpath of Diesel Engines;198
16.10;9.9 Fault Diagnostic with Virtual Test Environment;207
16.10.1;9.9.1 Diagnostic with Virtual Test Environment;207
16.11;9.10 Conclusion;208
16.12;References;209
17;10 Study of Instability Nature of Circular Liquid Jet at Critical Chamber Conditions;211
17.1;Abstract;211
17.2;10.1 Introduction;212
17.2.1;10.1.1 Regimes of Liquid Jet Breakup;212
17.2.2;10.1.2 Thermodynamic Supercritical State;213
17.2.3;10.1.3 Earlier Studies on Liquid Jets at Supercritical Conditions;214
17.3;10.2 Experimental Facility;216
17.3.1;10.2.1 Experimental Setup;216
17.3.2;10.2.2 Experimental Conditions;217
17.4;10.3 Results and Discussion;218
17.4.1;10.3.1 Single Component System;218
17.4.2;10.3.2 Binary Component System;220
17.5;10.4 Conclusions;222
17.6;Acknowledgements;222
17.7;References;222
18;11 Transient Reacting Flow Simulations of Chemical-Looping Combustion Reactors;224
18.1;Abstract;224
18.2;11.1 Introduction;224
18.3;11.2 Eulerian–Eulerian Simulation of a Packed Bed with Ilmenite;226
18.3.1;11.2.1 Modeling Approach and Numerical Solution Procedure;226
18.3.1.1;11.2.1.1 Conservation Equations;226
18.3.1.2;11.2.1.2 Computational Model;227
18.3.2;11.2.2 Simulation Results;228
18.4;11.3 Eulerian–Lagrangian Simulation of a Bubbling Bed with Hematite;231
18.4.1;11.3.1 Modeling Approach and Numerical Solution Procedure;231
18.4.1.1;11.3.1.1 Conservation Equations;232
18.4.1.2;11.3.1.2 Parcel Concept;234
18.4.1.3;11.3.1.3 Model Parameters;234
18.4.2;11.3.2 Simulation Results;236
18.5;11.4 Conclusion;239
18.6;References;240
19;12 Tribological Studies of an Internal Combustion Engine;241
19.1;Abstract;241
19.2;12.1 Introduction;241
19.2.1;12.1.1 Tribological Issues in IC Engines;242
19.2.2;12.1.2 Piston Rings and Surface Treatment;243
19.2.3;12.1.3 Wear and Friction Involving Piston Rings;244
19.2.4;12.1.4 Lubrication;245
19.2.5;12.1.5 Tribological Coatings;246
19.3;12.2 Wear and Friction Studies;248
19.3.1;12.2.1 Materials;248
19.3.2;12.2.2 Sample Preparation;248
19.3.3;12.2.3 Experimental Procedure;249
19.4;12.3 Conclusions;255
19.5;Acknowledgements;256
19.6;References;256