How Fighting Ends

A History of Surrender
1. Auflage 2012
ISBN: 978-0-19-969362-7
Verlag: OUP Oxford

Buch, Englisch, 494 Seiten, Format (B × H): 175 mm x 250 mm, Gewicht: 1024 g

There are many histories of how wars have begun, but very few which discuss how they have ended. This book fills that gap. Beginning with the Stone Age and ending with globalized terrorism, it addresses the specific issue of surrender, rather than the subsequent establishment of peace. At its heart is the individual warrior or soldier, and his or her decision to lay down arms. In the ancient world surrender led in most cases to slavery, but a slave still lived rather than died. In the modern world international law gives the soldiers rights as prisoners of war, and those rights include the prospect of their eventual return home. But individuals can surrender at any point in a war, and without having such an effect that they end the war. The termination of hostilities depends on a collective act for its consequences to be decisive. It also requires the enemy to accept the offer to surrender in the midst of combat. In other words, like so much else in war, surrender depends on reciprocity - on the readiness of one side to stop fighting and of the other to accept that readiness. This volume argues that surrender is the single biggest contributor to the containment of violence in warfare, offering the vanquished the opportunity to survive and the victor the chance to show moderation and magnanimity. Since the rules of surrender have developed over time, they form a key element in understanding the cultural history of warfare.

Zielgruppe

Scholars and students of international relations, especially those interested in military history, and strategic studies

Autoren/Hrsg.

Afflerbach, Holger

Strachan, Hew

Fachgebiete

• Interdisziplinäres Wissenschaften Wissenschaften Interdisziplinär Friedens- und Konfliktforschung
• Geisteswissenschaften Geschichtswissenschaft Geschichtliche Themen Militärgeschichte
• Sozialwissenschaften Politikwissenschaft Politische Gewalt Revolutionäre Gruppen und Bewegungen, Bewaffnete Konflikte
• Sozialwissenschaften Politikwissenschaft Internationale Beziehungen Konflikt- und Friedensforschung, Rüstungskontrolle, Abrüstung
• Sozialwissenschaften Politikwissenschaft Militärwesen
• Sozialwissenschaften Politikwissenschaft Politikwissenschaft Allgemein Politische Geschichte

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Introduction:
Part I: No Quarter? The Beginnings of Surrender
1: Laurence Keeley: No Surrender in Prehistoric Warfare Chapter
2: Paul Cartledge: Surrender in Ancient Greece
3: Loretana de Libero: Surrender in Ancient Rome
Part II: Learning to Surrender? The Middle Ages
Hans Henning Kortüm: Introduction: Surrender in Medieval Times
4: John Gillingham: Surrender in Medieval Europe - An Indirect Approach
5: John France: Surrender and Capitulation in the Middle East in the Age of the Crusades
6: Catherine Holmes: Basil II the Bulgar-slayer and the blinding of 15,000 Bulgarians in 1014: mutilation and prisoners-of -war in the Middle Ages
Part III: The Developments of Rules and Regulations: Surrender in Early Modern Times
John A. Lynn: Introduction: Honourable Surrender in Early Modern European History
III.a. Surrender in Intercultural Wars
7: Ross Hassig: How Fighting ended in the Aztec Empire and its Surrender to the Europeans
8: William Campbell: Different Concepts of Surrender:
Surrender in the Northeastern Borderlands of Native America
III.b.: Surrender in Early Modern Europe
9: Lothar Höbelt: Surrender in the Thirty-Years War
10: John Childs: Surrender and the Laws of War in Western Europe, c. 1650-1783
11: Daniel Krebs: Rituals of Surrender in the American
War of Independence
Part IV: A Question of Honour: Surrender in Sea Warfare
12: Holger Afflerbach: Surrender in Sea Warfare from Elizabethan to our own Times
Part V: The Times of International Law: Surrender in Modern Wars
Introduction: Hew Strachan: Surrender in Modern Warfare since the
French Revolution
V.a. The 19th Century
13: Michael Broers: "Civilized, rational behaviour"? The Concept of Surrender in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1792-1815
14: Joseph Glatthaar: Robert E. Lee, the Army of Northern Virginia and Confederate Surrender
15: Edward Spiers: Surrender in 19th Century Colonial Wars
V.b. Surrender in World War I.
16: Alan Kramer: Methods of Individual Surrender in the Great War
17: Dennis Showalter: By the book? Commanders surrendering in World War I
18: Jay Winter: The breaking point: Surrender 1918
Part VI: Unconditional Surrender? World War II
Introduction: Gerhard Weinberg: Surrender in World War II
VI a. 'Conventional' surrenders
19: Martin Alexander: French Surrender in 1940: Soldiers, Commanders, Civilians
20: Mark Connelly: The Issue of Surrender in the Malayan Campaign, 1941-1942
21: John Gooch: Neither Defeat nor Surrender: Italy's Change of Alliances in 1943
VI b. Germany and Japan in World War II
22: John Zimmermann: German Soldiers and Surrender, 1945
23: Mordecai George Sheftall: Kamikaze Warfare in Imperial Japan's Existential Crisis, 1944-1945
24: Richard Bessel: The German surrender 1945
Part VII: Our times: Asymmetric Wars - Endless Wars and No Surrender?
25: Michael Codner: Kosovo, the Serbian Surrender and the Western Dilemma: achieving victories with low casualties
26: Audrey Kurth Cronin: How Fighting Ends - Asymmetric Wars, Terrorism, and Suicide Bombing
Conclusion
Index

Über Autor(innen)

Strachan, Hew
Hew Strachan's research interests are military history from the eighteenth century to date, including contemporary strategic studies, but with particular interest in the First World War and in the history of the British Army. Among his numerous publications are: European Armies and the Conduct of War (London, 1983); Wellington's Legacy: The Reform of the British Army 1830-54 (Manchester, 1984); From Waterloo to Balaclava: Tactics, Technology and the British Army (Cambridge, 1985) ; The Politics of the British Army (Oxford, 1997); (ed.) The Oxford Illustrated History of the First World War (Oxford, 1998); The First World War: A New Illustrated History (London, 2003). He is Chichele Professor of the History of War at All Souls College, Oxford.

Afflerbach, Holger
Holger Afflerbach, from 2002-2006, was DAAD Professor of History at Emory University. Afflerbach specializes in late nineteenth and twentieth Century German history; international relations; military history, particularly World War I and World War II; and Austrian and Italian history. Among his publications are the biography of the Prussian War Minister and Chief of General Staff Erich von Falkenhayn (Munich 1994, second edition 1996); his study of the Triple Alliance, entitled Der Dreibund. Europäische Grossmacht und Allianzpolitik vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg (Vienna 2002); and a popular book on the history of the Atlantic: Das entfesselte Meer (Munich, 2002). He also edited an edition of sources from the German Headquarters in World War I under the title Kaiser Wilhelm II: als Oberster Kriegsherr während des Ersten Weltkrieges - Quellen aus der militärischen Umgebung des Kaisers (Munich, 2005). He is is Professor of Central European History at the University of Leeds.

Holger Afflerbach, from 2002-2006, was DAAD Professor of History at Emory University. Afflerbach specializes in late nineteenth and twentieth Century German history; international relations; military history, particularly World War I and World War II; and Austrian and Italian history. Among his publications are the biography of the Prussian War Minister and Chief of General Staff Erich von Falkenhayn (Munich 1994, second edition 1996); his study of the Triple Alliance, entitled Der Dreibund. Europäische Grossmacht und Allianzpolitik vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg (Vienna 2002); and a popular book on the history of the Atlantic: Das entfesselte Meer (Munich, 2002). He also edited an edition of sources from the German Headquarters in World War I under the title Kaiser Wilhelm II: als Oberster Kriegsherr während des Ersten Weltkrieges - Quellen aus der militärischen Umgebung des Kaisers (Munich, 2005). He is is Professor of Central European History at the University of Leeds.

Hew Strachan's research interests are military history from the eighteenth century to date, including contemporary strategic studies, but with particular interest in the First World War and in the history of the British Army. Among his numerous publications are: European Armies and the Conduct of War (London, 1983); Wellington's Legacy: The Reform of the British Army 1830-54 (Manchester, 1984); From Waterloo to Balaclava: Tactics, Technology and the British Army (Cambridge, 1985); The Politics of the British Army (Oxford, 1997); (ed.) The Oxford Illustrated History of the First World War (Oxford, 1998)