Adams / Buchert / Mersini-Houghton Cosmic Update

Dark Puzzles. Arrow of Time. Future History
1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-1-4419-8294-0
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 140 Seiten

Reihe: Multiversal Journeys

'...The Multiversal book series is equally unique, providing book-length extensions of the lectures with enough additional depth for those who truly want to explore these fields, while also providing the kind of clarity that is appropriate for interested lay people to grasp the general principles involved.' - Lawrence M. KraussCosmic Update Covers:A novel approach to uncover the dark faces of the Standard Model of cosmology.The possibility that Dark Energy and Dark Matter are manifestations of the inhomogeneous geometry of our Universe.On the history of cosmological model building and the general architecture of cosmological modes.Illustrations on the Large Scale Structure of the Universe.A new perspective on the classical static Einstein Cosmos.Global properties of World Models including their Topology.The Arrow of Time in a Universe with a Positive Cosmological Constant.Exploring the consequences of a fundamental Cosmological Constant for our Universe. Exploring why the current observed acceleration of the Universe may not be its final destiny.Demonstrating that nature forbids the existence of a pure Cosmological Constant.Our current understanding of the long term (in time scales that greatly exceed the current age of the Universe) future of the Universe.The long term fate and eventual destruction of the astrophysical objects that populate the universe -- including clusters, galaxies, stars, planets, and black holes. The material is presented in a layperson-friendly language followed by addition technical sections that explain the basic equations and principles. This feature is very attractive to readers who want to learn more about the theories involved beyond the basic description. 'Multiversal Journeys™ is a trademark of Farzad Nekoogar and Multiversal Journeys, a 501 (c) (3) nonprofit organization.'

Autoren/Hrsg.

Adams, Fred

Buchert, Thomas

Mersini-Houghton, Laura

Nekoogar, Farzad

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;8
2;Contents;12
3;Chapter 1 Dark Energy and Dark Matter Hidden in the Geometry of Space?: The Dawn of a New Paradigm in Cosmology
;14
3.1;1.1 The Dawn of the Standard Paradigm of Cosmology;14
3.1.1;1.1.1 First Serious Encounter of Theoretical Cosmology with Observations;16
3.1.2;1.1.2 Einstein's Cosmos: A Model That Has Been Abandoned;16
3.1.3;1.1.3 Eddington and Lemaître: A Spherical Finite Space or a Flat Infinite Space?;18
3.2;1.2 The Invisible Universe: An Old Model with a Modern Dark Face;19
3.2.1;1.2.1 The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe;20
3.2.2;1.2.2 The Construction of a Galaxy Map;20
3.2.3;1.2.3 The Dark Sectors of the Standard Model;22
3.3;1.3 A Serious Problem with the Standard Model;25
3.3.1;1.3.1 Is Einstein's Theory of Gravitation Wrong?;26
3.3.2;1.3.2 The Architecture of Current Structure Formation Models;26
3.3.3;1.3.3 Why Is the Standard Model Too Simple?;28
3.4;1.4 A New Cosmological Model;30
3.4.1;1.4.1 Back to the Roots: Einstein's Theory of General Relativity;30
3.4.2;1.4.2 Construction of a Model That Does the Average Over Structure;31
3.4.3;1.4.3 Curvature of Space: An Important Player Is Rediscovered;31
3.5;1.5 Dark Energy and Dark Matter: Are They Hidden in the Geometry of Space?;34
3.5.1;1.5.1 The Acceleration of the Volume Expansion of Space;35
3.5.2;1.5.2 An Expanding and Curved Space Emerging from an Empty Universe: A ``Gedanken Experiment'';36
3.5.3;1.5.3 Difficulties of the New Paradigm;38
3.6;1.6 Construction Principles for a Cosmological Model;39
3.6.1;1.6.1 A Strong and a Weak Version of the Cosmological Principle;40
3.6.2;1.6.2 What Einstein Wanted;41
3.6.3;1.6.3 A Universe That Looks Like a ``Multiverse'';42
3.6.4;1.6.4 How Einstein Argued That the World Cannot Be Flat?;42
3.6.5;1.6.5 A Matter of Principle;44
3.7;1.7 The Global Shape of the Universe;45
3.7.1;1.7.1 Topology as a Key-Discipline of Cosmology;46
3.7.2;1.7.2 Can We, in Principle, Determine the Topology of Our Universe?;47
3.7.3;1.7.3 Topology of the Cosmic Microwave Background;48
3.7.4;1.7.4 The Search for ``Matching Circles'';49
3.8;1.8 Appendix: The Equations Behind the Words;51
3.8.1;1.8.1 The Standard Model of Cosmology;51
3.8.2;1.8.2 Averaged Cosmological Equations;52
3.8.3;1.8.3 Discussion of the New ``Backreaction Terms'';54
3.8.4;1.8.4 A Compact Form of the New Cosmological Equations;55
3.8.5;1.8.5 The Morphon: An Effective Scalar Field;56
3.8.6;1.8.6 The Equations in the Vacuum;57
3.8.7;1.8.7 Mimicking Dark Energy and Dark Matter;58
3.8.8;1.8.8 Einstein's Favorite Model: A Static Cosmos;60
3.8.9;1.8.9 Einstein's Idea in Light of the New Cosmological Equations;60
3.8.10;References;61
4;Chapter 2 The Arrow of Time In a Universe with a Positive Cosmological Constant .
;64
4.1;2.1 The Problem with the Thermodynamic Arrow of Time in DeSitter Spaces;68
4.1.1;2.1.1 Big Crunch Through Recoherence or a New Exclusion Principle?;70
4.1.2;2.1.2 What Have We Learned?;76
4.2;2.2 Comments;77
4.3;2.3 Appendix;78
4.4;References;81
5;Chapter 3 The Future History of the Universe
;83
5.1;3.1 Introduction;83
5.1.1;3.1.1 Overview: Physics and Astronomy;83
5.1.2;3.1.2 Copernican Time Principle;83
5.2;3.2 The Future of the Cosmos as a Whole;84
5.2.1;3.2.1 Possible Future Expansion Histories;84
5.2.2;3.2.2 Large Scale Structures;85
5.2.3;3.2.3 Return to a Steady State Universe;87
5.2.4;3.2.4 Future Phase Transitions;89
5.2.5;3.2.5 Heat Death;90
5.2.6;3.2.6 The Big Rip?;92
5.3;3.3 The Future of Galaxies;93
5.3.1;3.3.1 Cosmic Isolation;93
5.3.2;3.3.2 Collisions Within Clusters;94
5.3.3;3.3.3 The End of Star Formation;95
5.3.4;3.3.4 Power Output of Galaxies;96
5.3.5;3.3.5 Evaporation of Galactic Disks;97
5.3.6;3.3.6 Demise of Galactic Halos;98
5.4;3.4 The Future of Stars;98
5.4.1;3.4.1 The Red Giant Sun;99
5.4.2;3.4.2 Planet Scattering;100
5.4.3;3.4.3 Future Evolution of Red Dwarfs;101
5.4.4;3.4.4 Inventory of Degenerate Objects;102
5.4.5;3.4.5 White Dwarfs Capture Dark Matter;105
5.4.6;3.4.6 When Degenerates Collide;106
5.4.7;3.4.7 Proton Decay in Degenerate Stars;107
5.5;3.5 The Future of Planets;109
5.5.1;3.5.1 Death by Red Giants;110
5.5.2;3.5.2 Destruction by Supernovae;111
5.5.3;3.5.3 Long Term Fate of Planets;111
5.6;3.6 Black Holes;112
5.6.1;3.6.1 Inventory of Black Holes;113
5.6.2;3.6.2 Hawking Radiation;114
5.7;3.7 Summary;115
5.7.1;3.7.1 Five Ages of the Universe;115
5.7.2;3.7.2 Forever Is a Long Time;117
5.7.3;3.7.3 Our Place in Time;118
5.7.4;References and Further Reading;129
6;Appendix A The Return of a Static Universe and the End of Cosmology;131
6.1;A.1 The Disappearance of the Hubble Expansion;132
6.2;A.2 Vanishing CMB;133
6.3;A.3 General Relativity Gives No Assistance;134
6.4;A.4 Polluted Elemental Abundances;134
6.5;A.5 Conclusion;135
6.6;References;136
7;Glossary;137
8;About the Authors;142
9;Index;145