Buch, Englisch, 568 Seiten, Format (B × H): 173 mm x 244 mm, Gewicht: 1111 g
Buch, Englisch, 568 Seiten, Format (B × H): 173 mm x 244 mm, Gewicht: 1111 g
ISBN: 978-1-119-18064-7
Verlag: Wiley
This book looks at the current state of food security and climate change, discusses the issues that are affecting them, and the actions required to ensure there will be enough food for the future. By casting a much wider net than most previously published books—to include select novel approaches, techniques, genes from crop diverse genetic resources or relatives—it shows how agriculture may still be able to triumph over the very real threat of climate change.
Food Security and Climate Change integrates various challenges posed by changing climate, increasing population, sustainability in crop productivity, demand for food grains to sustain food security, and the anticipated future need for nutritious quality foods. It looks at individual factors resulting from climate change, including rising carbon emission levels, increasing temperature, disruptions in rainfall patterns, drought, and their combined impact on planting environments, crop adaptation, production, and management. The role of plant genetic resources, breeding technologies of crops, biotechnologies, and integrated farm management and agronomic good practices are included, and demonstrate the significance of food grain production in achieving food security during climate change.
Food Security and Climate Change is an excellent book for researchers, scientists, students, and policy makers involved in agricultural science and technology, as well as those concerned with the effects of climate change on our environment and the food industry.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
List of Contributors xvii
1 Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security 1
Shyam S. Yadav, V. S. Hegde, Abdul Basir Habibi,Mahendra Dia, and Suman Verma
1.1 Introduction 1
1.1.1 Climate Change and Agriculture 3
1.1.2 Impact of Dioxide on Crop Productivity 4
1.1.3 Impact of Ozone on Crop Productivity 5
1.1.4 Impact of Temperature and a Changed Climate on Crop Productivity 6
1.2 Climate Change and Food Security 6
1.2.1 Climate Change and Food Availability 7
1.2.2 Climate Change and Stability of Food Production 8
1.2.3 Climate Change and Access to Food 8
1.2.4 Climate Change and Food Utilization 9
1.3 Predicted Impacts of Climate Change on Global Agriculture, Crop Production, and Livestock 10
1.3.1 Climate Change Mitigation, Adaptation, and Resilience 11
1.3.2 Mitigation 12
1.3.3 Adaptation and Resilience 12
1.3.4 Policies, Incentives, Measures, and Mechanisms for Mitigation and Adaptation 13
1.4 Impact of Divergent & Associated Technologies on Food Security under Climate Change 14
1.4.1 Integrated Pest Management (IPM) 15
1.4.2 Technological Options for Boosting Sustainable Agriculture Production 15
1.4.3 Mechanization in Agriculture Sector 16
1.4.4 Food Processing and Quality Agro-Products Processing 16
1.4.5 Planning, Implementing and Evaluating Climate-Smart Agriculture in Smallholder Farming Systems17
1.5 The Government of India Policies and Programs for Food Security 17
1.6 Conclusions 18
References 19
2 Changes in Food Supply and Demand by 2050 25
Timothy S. Thomas
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Model Description 26
2.3 Model Assumptions 26
2.3.1 Economic and Demographic Assumptions 26
2.4 Climate Assumptions 28
2.5 Results 30
2.5.1 Production 30
2.6 Underutilized Crops 38
2.7 Consumption 38
2.8 Trade and Prices 42
2.9 Food Security 46
2.10 Conclusion 48
References 50
3 Crop Responses to Rising Atmospheric [CO2] and Global Climate Change 51
Pauline Lemonnier and Elizabeth A. Ainsworth
3.1 Introduction 51
3.1.1 Rising Atmospheric [CO2] and Global Climate Change 51
3.1.2 Measuring Crop Responses to Rising [CO2] 53
3.1.3 Physiological Responses to Rising [CO2] 54
3.2 Crop Production Responses to Rising [CO2] 58
3.2.1 Effects of Rising [CO2] on Food Quality 59
3.2.2 Strategies to Improve Crop Production in a High CO2 World 61
3.2.2.1 Genetic Variability in Elevated [CO2] Responsiveness:The Potential and Challenges for Breeding 62
3.2.2.2 Strategies for Genetic Engineering 63
Acknowledgements 64
References 64
4 Adaptation of Cropping Systems to Drought under Climate Change (Examples from Australia and Spain) 71
Garry J. O’Leary, James G. Nuttall, Robert J. Redden, Carlos Cantero-Martinez,and M. InesMinguez
4.1 Introduction 71
4.2 Water Supply 72
4.2.1 Changing Patterns of Rainfall 72
4.2.2 Rotations, Fallow, and Soil Management 74
4.3 Interactions of Water with Temperature, CO2 and Nutrients 77
4.3.1 High Temperature Response of Wheat 77
4.3.2 High Temperature and Grain Quality of Wheat 79
4.3.3 Atmospheric CO2 Concentration and Crop Growth 79
4.3.4 Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and Grain Quality 80
4.4 Matching Genetic Resources to The Environment and the Challenge to Identify the Ideal Phenotype 80
4.5 Changing Climate and Strategies to Increase Crop Water Supply and Use 82
4.6 Beyond Australia and Spain 84
4.7 Conclusions 85
Acknowledgments 85
References 86
5 Combined Impacts of Carbon, Temperature, and Drought to Sustain Food Production 95
Jerry L. Hatfield
5.1 Introduction 95
5.1.1 Need for Food to Feed the Nine Billion by 2050 95
5.2 Changing Climate 96
5.3 Carbon Dioxide And Plant Growth 97
5.3.1 Responses of Plants to Increased CO2 97
5.3.2 Effect of Increased CO2 on Roots 100
5.3.3 Effect of Increased CO2 on Quality 100
5.4 Temperature Effects on Plant Growth 102
5.4.1 Responses of Plants to High Temperatures 102
5.4.2 Mechanisms of Temperature Effect on Plants 104
5.5 Water Effects on Plant Growth 106
5.5.1 Mechanisms of Water Stress 107
5.6 Interactions of Carbon Dioxide, Temperature, And Water in a Changing Climate 108
References 110
6 Scope, Options and Approaches to Climate Change 119
S. Seneweera, Kiruba Shankari Arun-Chinnappa, and Naoki Hirotsu
6.1 Introduction 119
6.2 Impact of CO2 and climate stress on growth and yield of agricultural crop 120
6.3 The Primary Mechanisms of Plants Respond to Elevated CO2 121
6.4 Interaction of Rising CO2 With Other Environmental Factors – Temperature And Water 121
6.5 Impact of Climate Change on Crop Quality 122
6.6 Climate Change, Crop Improvement, and Future Food Security 123
6.7 Intra-specific Variation in Crop Response to Elevated [CO2] – Current Germplasm Versus Wild Relatives 124
6.8 Identification of New QTLs for Plant Breeding 124
6.9 Association Mapping for Large Germplasm Screening 125
6.10 Genetic Engineering of CO2 Responsive Traits 125
6.11 Conclusions 126
References 127
7 Mitigation and Adaptation Approaches to Sustain Food Security under Climate Change 131
Li Ling and Xuxiao Zong
7.1 Technology and its Approaches Options to Climate Change in Agriculture System 132
7.1.1 Adjusting Agricultural Farming Systems and Organization, with Changes in Cropping Systems 133
7.1.2 Changing Farm Production Activities 135
7.1.3 Developing Biotechnology, Breeding New Varieties to Adapt to Climate Change 135
7.1.4 Developing Information Systems, and Establishing a Disaster PreventionSystem 136
7.1.5 Strengthening the Agricultural Infrastructure, Adjusting Management Measures 137
7.2 Development and Implementation of Techniques to Combat Climatic Changes 137
7.2.1 Improving Awareness of Potential Implications of Climate Change Among All Parties Involved (from grassroots level to decision makers) 138
7.2.2 Enhancing Research on Typical Technology 138
7.2.2.1 Enhancing Research on Typical Technology for Different Areas 138
7.2.2.2 Enhancing Research on Food Quality Under Climate Change 138
7.2.2.3 Enhancing Research on Legumes and Its Biological Nitrogen Fixation 139
7.2.3 Developing Climate-Crop Modelling as an Aid to Constructing Scenarios 140
7.2.4 Development and Assessment Efforts of Adaptation Technology 140
References 141
8 Role of Plant Breeding to Sustain Food Security under Climate Change 145
Rodomiro Ortiz
8.1 Introduction 145
8.2 Sources of Genetic Diversity and their Screening for Stress Adaptation 146
8.2.1 Crop-related Species 146
8.2.2 Domestic Genetic Diversity 146
8.2.3 Crossbreeding 147
8.2.4 Pre-breeding 148
8.2.5 Biotechnology and Modeling as Aids for Breeding Cultivars 148
8.3 Physiology-facilitated Breeding and Phenotyping 149
8.3.1 Abiotic Stress Adaptation and Resource-use Efficiency 150
8.3.2 Precise and HighThroughput Phenotyping 150
8.4 DNA-markers for Trait Introgression and Omics-led Breeding 151
8.5 Transgenic Breeding 152
References 153
9 Role of Plant Genetic Resources in Food Security 159
Robert J. Redden, Hari Upadyaya, Sangam L. Dwivedi, Vincent Vadez,Michael Abberton, and Ahmed Amri
9.1 Introduction 159
9.2 Climate Change and Agriculture 160
9.3 Adjusting Crop Distribution 160
9.4 Within Crop Genetic Diversity for Abiotic Stress Tolerances 160
9.5 Broadening the Available Genetic Diversity Within Crops 161
9.6 Crop Wild Relatives as a Novel Source Of Genetic Diversity 161
9.7 Genomics, Genetic Variation and Breeding for Tolerance of Abiotic Stresses 162
9.8 Under-utilised Species 163
9.9 Genetic Resources in the Low Rainfall Temperate Crop Zone 164
9.10 Forage and Range Species 166
9.11 Genetic Resources in the Humid Tropics 166
9.12 Genetic Resources in the Semi-arid Tropics and Representative Subsets 168
9.13 Plant Phenomics 168
9.14 Discovering Climate Resilient Germplasm Using Representative Subsets 170
9.14.1 Multiple Stress Tolerances 170
9.14.2 Drought Tolerance 170
9.14.3 Heat Tolerance 173
9.14.4 Tolerance of Soil Nutrient Imbalance 174
9.15 Global Warming and Declining Nutritional Quality 174
9.16 Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) -The Source of Allelic Diversity 174
9.17 Introgression of Traits from CWR 175
9.18 Association Genetics to Abiotic Stress Adaptation 176
9.19 Strategic Overview 177
9.20 Perspectives 177
9.21 Summary 179
References 179
10 Breeding New Generation Genotypes for Conservation Agriculture in Maize-Wheat Cropping Systems under Climate Change 189
Rajbir Yadav, Kiran Gaikwad, Ranjan Bhattacharyya, Naresh Kumar Bainsla,Manjeet Kumar, and Shyam S. Yadav
10.1 Introduction 189
10.2 Challenges Before Indian Agriculture 191
10.2.1 Declining Profit 191
10.2.2 Depleting Natural Resources: 193
10.2.2.1 Water: 193
10.2.2.2 Soil Health/ Soil Quality 193
10.2.3 Changing Climate 195
10.2.4 Climate Change Adaptation:Why it is Important in Wheat? 198
10.3 CA as a Concept to AddressThese Issues Simultaneously 199
10.4 Technological Gaps for CA in India 199
10.4.1 Machinery Issue 199
10.4.2 Non-availability of Adapted Genotypes for Conservation Agriculture 200
10.4.3 Designing the Breeding Strate
