E-Book, Englisch, 238 Seiten
Westhoff / Kluck How to Write and Evaluate Psychological Reports
ausschließlich über Ciando beziehbar
ISBN: 978-3-89967-773-7
Verlag: Pabst Science Publishers
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
E-Book, Englisch, 238 Seiten
ISBN: 978-3-89967-773-7
Verlag: Pabst Science Publishers
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
How to Write and Evaluate Psychological Reports
is the English translation of the 5th revised and extended edition published in German in 2008. The 1st edition was published in 1991.
Essential
This book has a unique approach to its subject. It integrates scientific theory and methodological knowledge in psychology to provide help with the complex process of writing psychological reports.
Basic and Advanced
All German-speaking countries use this book as a primary reference work in basic and graduate university courses. It is also used in advanced courses on psychological assessment and in training on how to write psychological reports.
Instructive
Thanks to its clarity of expression, its structure that follows the assessment process step by step, and its reader-friendly layout (e.g. colored advanced organizers for each sub-chapter), the book is easy for all students of psychology to understand and to work with.
Checklists
The rules of decision-oriented assessment methodology are summarized in 37 checklists (Chapter 23). User feedback generally confirms these checklists as being very helpful in the assessment routine.
A complete psychological report in the field of personnel psychology illustrates psychological assessment using the decision-oriented method. This example can, in a broader sense, also be read as a case study of vocational rehabilitation.
Non-psychologists who want to or have to evaluate psychological reports (especially lawyers) frequently asked for support in understanding such reports. They will find special help in Chapter 22 and in corresponding checklists in Chapter 24.
References
The current edition follows the “Guidelines for the Assessment Process” of the European Association of Psychological Assessment. The 3rd edition served as a major source for these guidelines.
The German Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof) cited the book in a very important judgment on the psychological assessment of the credibility of witnesses´ accounts.
Lawyers appreciate psychological reports based on the decision-orientated method because of their structure and clarity. Many confirm the usefulness of the book’s special aids and checklists for evaluating such reports.
Autoren/Hrsg.
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Weitere Infos & Material
1;Contents;7
2;Chapter 1 Introduction;13
2.1;1.1 Goals;13
2.2;1.2 Overview;14
2.3;1.3 Notes on using this book;16
3;Chapter 2 Fundamentals of our approach;17
3.1;2.1 Decision-oriented psychological assessment;17
3.2;2.2 Our view of psychology;20
3.3;2.3 Goals of decision-oriented assessment;21
3.4;2.4 Conditions for psychological assessment;22
3.5;2.5 General criteria for evaluating psychological reports;24
4;Chapter 3 The client’s question;26
4.1;3.1 Deciding for or against a client’s question;26
4.2;3.2 Required assumptions;28
4.3;3.3 Requirement profile;29
4.4;3.4 Required knowledge for assessment work;31
4.5;3.5 Prediction of individual behavior;32
4.6;3.6 Citing the client’s question in the psychological report;33
5;Chapter 4 Selection of variables;34
5.1;4.1 Behavioral equation;34
5.2;4.2 Environment variables;36
5.3;4.3 Organism variables;37
5.4;4.4 Cognitive variables;39
5.5;4.5 Emotional variables;41
5.6;4.6 Motivational variables;43
5.7;4.7 Social variables;45
5.8;4.8 Three classes of information for the explanation and prediction of;46
5.9;4.9 Criteria for the selection of variables;47
6;Chapter 5 Psychological Questions (= Hypotheses);49
6.1;5.1 The function of psychological questions;49
6.2;5.2 Constructing psychological questions;50
6.3;5.3 Formulating psychological questions;50
6.4;5.4 Number of psychological questions;52
7;Chapter 6 Workthrough of example clients’ questions;54
7.1;6.1 Client‘s question;54
7.2;6.2 Information available before the beginning of the assessment;55
7.3;6.3 Requirement profile;56
7.4;6.4 Psychological questions;57
7.4.1;6.4.1 Grouping the psychological questions according to the behavioral equation;57
7.4.2;6.4.2 Psychological questions relating to motivational conditions;58
7.4.3;6.4.3 Psychological questions relating to intellectual conditions;58
7.4.4;6.4.4 Psychological questions relating to the ability to withstand emotional and physical strain;58
7.4.5;6.4.5 Psychological questions relating to social conditions;59
7.4.6;6.4.6 Alternative ways of structuring psychological questions;60
7.4.7;6.4.7 Decision-oriented construction of hypotheses for judicial questions regarding parental custody;60
7.4.8;6.4.7.1 Goals of decision-oriented assessment in custody questions;60
7.4.9;6.4.7.2 The requirement profile;61
7.4.10;6.4.7.3 Selection of the relevant variables;63
7.4.11;6.4.7.4 The formulation of psychological questions;63
7.4.12;6.4.7.5 Shortened psychological questions;66
8;Chapter 7 Planning the assessment;67
8.1;7.1 Role of the assessment plan;67
8.2;7.2 Broad plan of the assessment;68
8.3;7.3 Detailed plan of the assessment;69
8.4;7.4 Ratio of costs to benefits as a criterion for planning a;70
9;Chapter 8 Analysis of the a-priori strategy;72
9.1;8.1 Analysis of the a-priori strategy for single-case questions;72
9.2;8.2 Qualitative analysis of the a-priori strategy;73
9.3;8.3 Optimizing the assessment strategy;74
9.4;8.4 Quantitative analysis of the a-priori strategy for institutional;75
9.5;8.5 Analysis of the a-priori strategy for institutional questions;75
10;Chapter 9 Features of assessment information sources;77
10.1;9.1 Functions of the features of assessment information sources;77
10.2;9.2 Nature of the observer;78
10.3;9.3 Contents of the observation;80
10.4;9.4 Time and duration of the observation;81
10.5;9.5 Nature of the observation;82
11;Chapter 10 Standardized assessment procedures;84
11.1;10.1 Criteria for the selection of standardized assessment procedures;84
11.2;10.2 A theory definition for psychological work;85
11.3;10.3 Functions of theories for assessment procedures;86
11.4;10.4 Objectivity of standardized procedures;87
11.4.1;10.4.1 Objectivity in execution;87
11.4.2;10.4.2 Measures for increasing the objectivity in execution;88
11.4.3;10.4.3 Objectivity in scoring;89
11.4.4;10.4.4 Objectivity of interpretation;91
11.5;10.5 Reliability of standardized procedures;93
11.5.1;10.5.1 Deciding on a type of reliability;94
11.5.2;10.5.2 Evaluating the reliability;94
11.6;10.6 Validity of standardized procedures;95
11.7;10.7 Some comments on the size of validity coefficients;97
12;Chapter 11 Part I of the assessment plan for the example client’s question relating to aptitude assessment;99
12.1;11.1 Standardized procedures;99
12.2;11.2 Decisions when selecting standardized procedures;100
12.3;11.3 Selection of standardized procedures;102
12.4;11.4 Description of the standardized procedures in the psychological;103
13;Chapter 12 Decision-oriented interviewing;105
13.1;12.1 Definition;105
13.2;12.2 Aims of various types of interview;106
13.3;12.3 Interview guide for the decision-oriented interview;107
13.4;12.4 Function of interview guides;108
13.5;12.5 Characteristics of interview guides;110
13.6;12.6 Broad structure of an interview guide;111
13.7;12.7 Detailed structure of an interview guide;113
13.8;12.8 Features of efficient questions;114
13.9;12.9 Poor questions;116
13.10;12.10 Degree of openness of a question;117
13.11;12.11 Degree of directness of a question;118
13.12;12.12 Preconditions for carrying out decision-oriented interviews;119
13.13;12.13 Conditions for a successful assessment interview;120
14;Chapter 13 Part II of the assessment plan for the example of a client‘s question concerning aptitude assessment;122
14.1;13.1 Interview guide for the decision-oriented interview;122
14.2;13.2 Selection of the partly-standardized and non-standardized;127
14.3;13.3 Description of the partly-standardized and non-standardized;128
15;Chapter 14 Person perception and assessment judgments;130
15.1;14.1 Person perception in daily life and assessment judgments;130
15.2;14.2 The importance of social psychological research into person;131
15.3;14.3 Individual differences in assessment judgments;133
16;Chapter 15 Errors and biases in the process of forming assessment judgments;134
16.1;15.1 Description of errors and biases in the process of forming;134
16.2;15.2 Errors and biases in psychological questions;135
16.3;15.3 Errors and biases of judgment when planning assessments;138
16.4;15.4 Errors and biases of judgment when presenting the results of the;139
16.5;15.5 Errors and biases of judgment in the conclusions;140
16.5.1;15.5.1 Generally observable errors and biases of judgment in the conclusions;140
16.5.2;15.5.2 Errors and biases of judgment in the conclusions which are determined by the personality of the assessing psychologist;142
17;Chapter 16 Possibilities of minimizing errors and biases in assessment decision-making;144
17.1;16.1 Extending knowledge;144
17.2;16.2 Initial conditions;145
17.3;16.3 Combining statements;147
17.4;16.4 Decision criteria;148
17.5;16.5 Attributing traits to people;148
17.5.1;16.5.1 Four types of behavioral description;148
17.5.2;16.5.2 Features of personality traits;149
17.6;16.6 Development of documented assessment plans;150
18;Chapter 17 Evaluating behavioral observations;151
18.1;17.1 Types of behavioral observation;151
18.2;17.2 Scoring tests;152
18.3;17.3 Presenting the test results;154
18.4;17.4 Decision-oriented interviews: analysis;156
18.5;17.5 Interview results: presentation;156
18.6;17.6 Presentation of interview results in indirect speech;158
19;Chapter 18 The data section of the example psychological report;159
19.1;18.1 Aptitude assessment sample case: 4. Data Section;159
20;Chapter 19 The results section;166
20.1;19.1 Aims of the assessor in the results section;166
20.2;19.2 Procedure of the assessor in the results section;167
20.3;19.3 Recommendations and suggestions in the psychological report;169
20.4;19.4 Formulations in the results section;170
21;Chapter 20 Results section of the example psychological report;172
22;Chapter 21 Foundations of a theory of decision-oriented psychological assessment;183
22.1;21.1 Assumptions of the theory;183
22.2;21.2 Beliefs as cognitions directing actions;184
22.3;21.3 Expectations as cognitions directing actions;186
22.4;21.4 On the testability of the theory;188
22.5;21.5 First results of empirical tests of the theory of decision-oriented;189
22.5.1;21.5.1 Assessment in family law: how it is and how it can be;189
22.5.2;21.5.2 On the development of assessment strategies;190
22.5.3;21.5.3 Decision-oriented interviewing in psychological assessment;190
22.5.4;21.5.4 Training in psychological assessment;191
22.5.5;21.5.5 Guidelines for the Assessment Process (GAP);192
22.6;21.6 Decision-oriented assessment – a useful technology;192
22.6.1;21.6.1 A technology – a necessity in psychological assessment;192
22.6.2;21.6.2 Utility as the highest criterion of a technology;193
22.6.3;21.6.3 Optimization of assessment strategies;193
23;Chapter 22 Aids for the evaluation of psychological reports by non-psychologists;195
23.1;22.1 Structure of a psychological report;196
23.2;22.2 Transparency of the psychological report;197
23.3;22.3 Formulations in the psychological report;197
23.4;22.4 Client’s question;198
23.5;22.5 Formulation of psychological questions;198
23.6;22.6 Description of the assessment plan in the psychological report;199
23.7;22.7 Scoring and analyzing tests and questionnaires in the data;200
23.8;22.8 Description and analysis of interviews and non-standardized;201
23.9;22.9 Results section of a psychological report;202
23.10;22.10 Recommendations and suggestions in the psychological report;204
24;Chapter 23 Checklists to support the psychological assessor during the assessment process and the writing of a psychological report;206
24.1;Unknown;1
24.1.1;23.1 Checklist: The client’s question;206
24.1.2;23.2 Checklist: Profile of requirements;206
24.1.3;23.3 Checklist: Knowledge;207
24.1.4;23.4 Checklist: Selection of groups of variables;207
24.2;23.5 Checklist: Selection of environment variables;207
24.3;23.6 Checklist: Selection of organism variables;208
24.4;23.7 Checklist: Selection of cognitive variables;208
24.5;23.8 Checklist: Selection of emotional variables;209
24.6;23.9 Checklist: Selection of motivational variables;209
24.7;23.10 Checklist: Selection of social variables;210
24.8;23.11 Checklist: Criteria for the selection of variables;210
24.9;23.12 Checklist: Formulating psychological questions (= hypotheses);210
24.10;23.13 Checklist: Selection of sources of information;211
24.11;23.14 Checklist: Detailed planning of the assessment;211
24.12;23.15 Checklist: Costs and benefits of every source of information;211
24.13;23.16 Checklist: Evaluation of an observer;212
24.14;23.17 Checklist: Contents of observations;212
24.15;23.18 Checklist: Characteristics of scientific behavioral observations;212
24.16;23.19 Checklist: Criteria for the selection of standardized procedures;213
24.17;23.20 Checklist: Objectivity of execution of psychological assessment;213
24.18;23.21 Checklist: Criteria for scoring and analyzing psychological;213
24.19;23.22 Checklist: Conditions for the highest possible degree of;214
24.20;23.23 Checklist: Reliability of standardized psychological assessment;214
24.21;23.24 Checklist: Validity of standardized psychological assessment;214
24.22;23.25 Checklist: Planning a decision-oriented interview (DOI);215
24.23;23.26 Checklist: Broad structure of an interview guide;215
24.24;23.27 Checklist: Detailed structure of an interview guide;216
24.25;23.28 Checklist: Formulating “good” questions;216
24.26;23.29 Checklist: Suggestive questions;217
24.27;23.30 Checklist: Conditions for decision-oriented interviews;217
24.28;23.31 Checklist: Presenting the plan of the assessment in the;218
24.29;23.32 Checklist: Scoring of tests and questionnaires and presenting the;218
24.30;23.33 Checklist: Analysis and presentation of information from;219
24.31;23.34 Checklist: The results section of a psychological report;219
24.32;23.35 Checklist: Recommendations and suggestions in a psychological;220
24.33;23.36 Checklist: Formulations in the results section of a psychological;221
24.34;23.37 Checklist: Structure of a psychological report;221
25;Chapter 24 Checklists for the evaluation of psychological reports by non-psychologists;222
25.1;24.1 Structure of a psychological report;222
25.2;24.2 Transparency of the psychological report;222
25.3;24.3 Formulations in the psychological report;222
25.4;24.4 Client’s question;223
25.5;24.5 Formulation of psychological questions;223
25.6;24.6 Description of the assessment plan in the psychological report;223
25.7;24.7 Scoring and analysis of tests and questionnaires in the data section;223
25.8;24.8 Analysis and presentation of information from interviews and non-standardized;224
25.9;24.9 Results section of a psychological report;224
25.10;24.10 Recommendations and suggestions in the psychological report;225
26;References;226
