E-Book, Deutsch, 225 Seiten, eBook
Reihe: Markt- und Unternehmensentwicklung Markets and Organisations
The Relationship Between Infrastructure Investments and Regulation in European Broadband
E-Book, Deutsch, 225 Seiten, eBook
Reihe: Markt- und Unternehmensentwicklung Markets and Organisations
ISBN: 978-3-8350-5427-1
Verlag: Deutscher Universitätsverlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
Dr. Christian Wernick ist wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter von Prof. Dr. Dres. h.c. Arnold Picot am Institut für Information, Organisation und Management der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.
Zielgruppe
Research
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Foreword;6
2;Preface;8
3;Contents;10
4;List of Figures;14
5;List of Tables;15
6;Abbreviations;16
7;1 Introduction;20
7.1;1.1 Characteristics of Broadband;21
7.1.1;1.1.1 Technical Characteristics;22
7.1.2;1.1.2 Economic Characteristics;24
7.2;1.2 Research Questions;27
7.3;1.3 Research Approach;29
7.4;1.4 Structure and Further Proceedings;33
8;2 Liberalisation and Regulation in Telecommunication Markets;35
8.1;2.1 European Telecommunications Regulation until the 2002 Framework;35
8.2;2.2 Telecommunications Regulation in Germany and the UK;38
8.3;2.3 Theories of Regulation;42
8.4;2.4 The 2002 Regulatory Framework for Electronic Communications;44
8.5;2.5 The Process of Market Regulation;46
8.6;2.6 Actors Involved in the Process of Market Regulation;53
8.6.1;2.6.1 The European Commission;54
8.6.2;2.6.2 The European Regulators Group;56
8.6.3;2.6.3 National Regulatory Authorities;57
8.6.4;2.6.4 National Competition Authorities;57
8.7;2.7 Interim Conclusion;58
9;3 Theoretical Approaches on Strategic Investment Decisions in Regulated Markets;59
9.1;3.1 Research on Broadband;59
9.1.1;3.1.1 Unbundling and Wholesale Regulation;60
9.1.2;3.1.2 Comparative Research;66
9.1.3;3.1.3 Assessment of Existing Literature;69
9.2;3.2 Theoretical Approaches on Strategic Investment Decisions in Telecommunications;70
9.2.1;3.2.1 Financial Approaches;73
9.2.1.1;3.2.1.1 Traditional Investment Calculation Methods;73
9.2.1.2;3.2.1.2 Real Options;74
9.2.1.3;3.2.1.3 Contributions;76
9.2.2;3.2.2 Strategic Approaches;77
9.2.3;3.2.3 Neoclassical Approaches;79
9.2.4;3.2.4 Institutional Approaches;81
9.2.4.1;3.2.4.1 Property Rights Theory;83
9.2.4.2;3.2.4.2 Transaction Cost Theory;85
9.2.4.3;3.2.4.3 Principal Agent Theory;88
9.2.4.4;3.2.4.4 Contributions;90
9.3;3.3 Interim Conclusion;92
10;4 Development of a Framework;96
10.1;4.1 The Analysis of Institutions;96
10.2;4.2 Institutional Conditions in a Regulated Environment;99
10.2.1;4.2.1 The Institutional Part of the Integrative Framework;100
10.2.2;4.2.2 Characteristics of Political Markets;102
10.3;4.3 Economic Markets in a Regulated Environment;104
10.3.1;4.3.1 Retail, Wholesale and Supply Markets;104
10.3.2;4.3.2 Market Entry in Regulated Wholesale and Retail Markets;107
10.4;4.4 The Level of the Firms;108
10.5;4.5 The Analytical Framework;109
10.6;4.6 The Application of the Framework;112
11;5 Explorative Case Studies on Strategic Investment Decisions and Regulation in European Broadband;117
11.1;5.1 Institutional Structures;119
11.1.1;5.1.1 The Institutional Stances of European Regulators;122
11.1.1.1;5.1.1.1 National Regulatory Authorities and National Competition Authorities;122
11.1.1.2;5.1.1.2 National Regulatory Authorities and the European Regulators Group;124
11.1.1.3;5.1.1.3 National Regulatory Authorities and the European Commission;125
11.1.1.4;5.1.1.4 National Regulatory and Political Authorities;127
11.1.2;5.1.2 The Stances of National Regulatory Authorities in Germany and the UK;129
11.1.2.1;5.1.2.1 The Stance of Ofcom;129
11.1.2.2;5.1.2.2 The Stance of the Bundesnetzagentur;134
11.1.3;5.1.3 The Independency of National Regulatory Authorities;140
11.1.4;5.1.4 Consequences of Institutional Structures on Strategic Investment Decisions;145
11.1.4.1;5.1.4.1 The Calculability of the Regulatory Environment;148
11.1.4.2;5.1.4.2 The Transparency of Regulatory Processes;149
11.1.4.3;5.1.4.3 The Duration of Regulatory Processes;150
11.1.4.4;5.1.4.4 The Consideration of National Particularities;151
11.1.5;5.1.5 Findings on Institutional Structures;152
11.2;5.2 Business Regulator Relationships;152
11.2.1;5.2.1 The Rise of the Regulatory Departments;153
11.2.1.1;5.2.1.1 The Development of a Strategic Perception of Regulation;154
11.2.1.2;5.2.1.2 Business Regulator Relationships in Germany;157
11.2.1.3;5.2.1.3 Business Regulator Relationships in the UK;158
11.2.1.4;5.2.1.4 Business Regulator Relationships on the European Level;161
11.2.2;5.2.2 The Role of Lobbying Associations;162
11.2.3;5.2.3 Business Regulator Relationships and Strategic Investment Decisions;165
11.2.4;5.2.4 Findings on Business Regulator Relationships;168
11.3;5.3 Regulatory Intervention in Broadband Markets;168
11.3.1;5.3.1 Supplier Structures and Access Regulation;168
11.3.1.1;5.3.1.1 Competition Structures in German and UK Broadband Markets;169
11.3.1.2;5.3.1.2 Particularities of German and UK Broadband Markets;173
11.3.2;5.3.2 Investments in German and UK Broadband Markets;177
11.3.2.1;5.3.2.1 Overall Investments in the UK Telecommunications Market;178
11.3.2.2;5.3.2.2 Overall Investments in the German Telecommunications Market;179
11.3.3;5.3.3 Regulation and Investment in Next Generation Networks in Germany;182
11.3.3.1;5.3.3.1 The Political Debate on Regulatory Holidays in Germany;182
11.3.3.2;5.3.3.2 The Strategy of DTAG with Regard to the Regulatory Environment;186
11.3.3.3;5.3.3.3 Potential Consequences of Regulatory Holidays;188
11.3.4;5.3.4 Regulation and Investment in Next Generation Networks in the UK;190
11.3.4.1;5.3.4.1 BT’s 21st Century Network and the Strategic Review;190
11.3.4.2;5.3.4.2 The Strategy of BT with Regard to the Regulatory Environment;191
11.3.5;5.3.5 Findings on Regulatory Intervention in Broadband Markets;194
12;6 Findings on Strategic Investment Decisions and Regulation in European Broadband;195
12.1;6.1 The Relationship between Regulation and Investment in Broadband;195
12.2;6.2 Ten Theses on Regulation and Strategic Investment Decisions in Broadband;201
12.3;6.3 Theoretical Contributions and Assessment;204
12.3.1;6.3.1 Contributions on the Institutional Structures of Broadband Markets;205
12.3.2;6.3.2 Contributions on Business Regulator Relationships;207
12.3.3;6.3.3 Contributions on Different Perceptions of Regulation;209
12.3.4;6.3.4 Assessment in Relation to Existing Literature;212
12.4;6.4 Policy Recommendations;213
13;7 Conclusion and Outlook;217
14;Appendix;220
15;References;222
16;Index;242
Liberalisation and Regulation in Telecommunication Markets.- Theoretical Approaches on Strategic Investment Decisions in Regulated Markets.- Development of a Framework.- Explorative Case Studies on Strategic Investment Decisions and Regulation in European Broadband.- Findings on Strategic Investment Decisions and Regulation in European Broadband.- Conclusion and Outlook.
1.3 Research Approach (p. 10)
A detailed definition of the case study has been provided by Yin (2003): "A case study is an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context, especially when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident. The case study inquiry copes with the technically distinctive situation in which there will be many more variables of interest than data points, and as one result relies on multiple sources of evidence, with data needing to converge in a triangulating fashion."
Case studies are thus characterised by the use of data from various sources, including archives, interviews, surveys and observation to develop a holistic analysis. Their aim is to answer "how" and "why" questions. Their results can be qualitative, quantitative or a hybrid of both of them.
Regarding the data for my case studies, I have collected material from different sources, combining existing literature, official documents by public authorities (such as the European Commission, the European Regulators Group, Bundesnetzagentur, the German monopoly commission and Ofcom) as well as documents by supranational research institutes (such as OECD and ITU). Finally, I conducted seventeen semi-structured interviews with twenty two market experts to gain a deeper understanding of causal relationships in the broadband markets of Germany and the UK.
However, when researchers mix different kinds of data, they have to be aware of problems related to triangulation. Originating in navigation and military strategy where multiple reference points are used to locate an object’s exact position triangulation describes the process of combining different selection procedures, data collections, test arrangements and different techniques of measurements in order to compensate for the weaknesses of particular methods. Oppermann (2000) points out that scientists using triangulation have to be very thorough in their research design. Blaikie (1991) postulates that all measurement should be of the same kind and based on a common ontology and epistemology. Generally it seems appropriate to follow the estimation of Fielding/Fielding (1986):
"We should combine theories and methods carefully and purposefully with the intention of adding breadth and depth to our analysis but not for the purpose of pursuing "objective" truth."
Thus, the emphasis lies in its use as data and investigator triangulation and not in its use as multi-method and multi-theory approach. Therefore, triangulation may enable us to improve the accuracy of our judgments by collecting different kinds of data to gain purchase on the same phenomenon.
The problem of triangulation is considered by the use of an integrative framework with a strong theoretical background. This procedure assures that different kind of data are analysed in the same way, and in particular with respect to a common ontology and epistemology. When using case studies, researchers have to pay attention to certain disadvantages related to this approach, especially with regard to the generalisability of the results obtained from one particular case. Yin (2003) points at three usual prejudices against case study analysis:
Perhaps the greatest concern has been over the lack of rigor of case study research. Too many times, the case study investigator has been sloppy, has not followed systematic procedures, or has allowed equivocal evidence or biased views to influence the direction of the findings and conclusion.[...]
