Werfel / Durán / Trettin Multiple Sclerosis

2016
ISBN: 978-1-61676-409-8
Verlag: Hogrefe Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 126 Seiten

Reihe: Advances in Psychotherapy - Evidence-Based Practice

Comprehensive, practical, concise, and up-to-date guidance on the most effective medical, psychological, and neuropsychological diagnostic methods and interventions with multiple sclerosis (MS)
This innovative book will help both mental health and medical professionals empower patients or clients to live well with multiple sclerosis (MS).
It is a practical, evidence-based, culturally relevant guide to the most effective current medical, psychological, and neuropsychological diagnostic methods and interventions. The book describes a biopsychosocial, multidisciplinary, and integrative approach to treatment and provides information on psychological, mind-body, and complementary interventions for symptom management and to increase quality of life.

Both seasoned practitioners and students will find this volume useful in helping clients cope with this complex, unpredictable, and chronic neurological disorder.

Zielgruppe

For clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, psychotherapists and counselors, as well as students.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Werfel, Pearl B.

Durán, Ron E. Franco

Trettin, Linda J.

Fachgebiete

• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizinische Fachgebiete Psychiatrie, Sozialpsychiatrie, Suchttherapie
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Klinische und Innere Medizin Neurologie, Klinische Neurowissenschaft
• Sozialwissenschaften Psychologie Psychologische Disziplinen Gesundheitspsychologie
• Sozialwissenschaften Psychologie Allgemeine Psychologie Biologische Psychologie, Neuropsychologie
• Sozialwissenschaften Psychologie Psychotherapie / Klinische Psychologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Multiple Sclerosis;1
1.1;Table of Contents;8
2;1 Description;12
3;2 Theories and Models;48
4;3 Diagnosis and Treatment Indications;52
5;4 Treatment;72
6;5 Case Vignettes;108
7;6 Further Reading;112
8;7 References;114
9;8 Appendix: Tools and Resources;124

Leseproben

2 Theories and Models (p. 37-38)

Most models of chronic illness and disability (CID) tend to focus on the individual – how the diagnosed patient is affected by the diagnosis, treatment, and progression of the disorder. This may be a reflection of the prevailing values of autonomy, independence, and individualism in many modern Western cultures. However, there are professions – such as family medicine and social work – that understand chronic illness from a systems perspective and strive to treat the whole family. When an individual is diagnosed with CID, the entire family system is affected, and the goal of treatment is to assist family members to cope effectively with changes in roles resulting from the MS diagnosis, treatment, and progression. The systemic perspective of these professions may be particularly compatible with the worldviews of clients from more traditional, collectivistic cultural backgrounds for whom family is highly valued. Mental health professionals should recognize the important role of family when treating clients living with MS.

2.1 Models of Illness and Disability

There are many ways that people living with MS, their families, and their associates may attempt to fathom the complexities of MS. Understanding how a client and significant others are conceptualizing MS will aid in the assessment and increased ability to tailor your interventions. In addition, educating clients about different models of illness and disability, and their implications, will allow your client to evaluate the effect of their beliefs on their ability to cope. Olkin (1999) described three models of disability: the moral, medical, and minority models. The biopsychosocial model is increasingly prevalent.

2.1.1 Moral Model

This model views MS as a defect caused by a moral lapse or sin. A diagnosis of MS might cause shame for the person with MS and their family and the diagnosed person and/or family members may feel responsible for causing MS. Through this lens, MS may also be viewed as a test of faith. Although, this model is not prevalent in Western culture, if it is part of a client’s or family’s belief system then exploration in therapy is important. Additionally, consultation with a client’s religious leader will enable a psychotherapist to gain insight into how to best address coping.

2.1.2 Medical Model This model views MS as a medical problem that results from a defect or failure of the bodily system. The person with MS is referred to as a “patient” who needs to be helped by trained professionals. In the medical model, disability is a pathology located within the individual that deviates from norm and treatment is focused on “fixing” the individual. The impact of this model can be disempowering. The expertise lies with professionals, so self-management is not encouraged and the person living with MS is not considered a knowledgeable participant in their own healthcare team.

2.1.3 Minority Model

This model defines MS-related disability as a social construct brought about by attitudes and other features of the social environment. The problems lie not with the individual but with the environment. With this model, MS-related disability becomes a socially created problem and an attribute of an individual. The solutions needed to address MS-related disabilities involve social and political fields, including universal design, education, and changes in the law.

2.1.4 Biopsychosocial Model

In 2001, the World Health Organization developed The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) based on the biopsychosocial model. The ICF provides a coherent view of different perspectives of health: biological, individual, and social. Disability and functioning are viewed as outcomes of interactions between health conditions (diseases, disorders, and injuries) and contextual factors. Contextual factors can be external and environmental (social attitudes, architectural characteristics, legal and social structures, climate, terrain, etc.) or internal and personal (gender, age, coping styles, social background, education, profession, past and current experience, overall behavior patterns, character and other factors that influence how disability is experienced by the individual).

2.2 Minority Stress Model

The minority stress model has been used to explain health-related consequences of oppression in minority-status populations, including sexual minorities (e.g., Meyer, 1995) and African Americans (e.g., Clark, Anderson, Clark, & Williams, 1999). Briefly, the minority stress model is a biopsychosocial model that explains how various actual and perceived forms of oppression (e.g., prejudice, exclusion, aggression) from different others (out group), similar others (in group), and self can influence the onset and progression of a wide variety of disease processes (physical and emotional) via the stress response.