Volpi / Piero Football Traumatology

Current Concepts: from Prevention to Treatment
1. Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-88-470-0419-1
Verlag: Springer Italia
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 419 Seiten, eBook

Football is probably the most widespread sport in the world: youngsters, adults, women, amateurs, beginners, professionals all make up a legion of practitioners. Lesions associated with football are on the increase and their typology has also changed over the years. Football, like many other sports, has undergone major changes: the increase in the intensity and speed of the game, the modern training methodologies, the technical and tactical innovations are all factors contributing to increased risks of traumatic injury. The footballers, the trainers, the sport's medical staff are asking for greater information and knowledge on the traumatic lesions associated with this sport. The primary role of those who are concerned with the health of footballers is to enforce preventive measures to reduce wherever possible the risks of trauma.

Zielgruppe

Professional/practitioner

Autoren/Hrsg.

Piero, Volpi

Volpi, Piero

Inhaltsverzeichnis

General Concepts.- Epidemiology and Risk Factor.- Aspects of Biomechanics.- Training Methods.- Evaluation of Whole Physical Condition.- Biochemical and Haematological Parameters in Football Players.- Prevention of Football Injuries.- Organisation of a Professional Team’s Medical Staff and the Physician’s Role.- Injuries in Women’s Football.- Referee Lesions.- Future Treatments for Football Injuries.- Specific Injuries.- Maxillo-Facial Traumatology.- Upper Extremity Injuries.- Shoulder Dislocation.- Back Problems.- Muscle Strains.- Tendon Injuries.- Groin Pain.- Meniscal Lesions.- Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries.- Anteromedial Knee Instability.- Medial-Side Injury of the Knee.- Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries.- Articular Cartilage Lesions in Football Players.- Patellofemoral Problems.- Footballer’s Arthritic Knee.- Leg Fractures.- Malleolar Fractures.- Ankle Ligaments Injuries.- Osteochondral Ankle Defects.- Chronic Footballer’s Ankle.- Foot Problems.- Stress Fractures.- Rehabilitation after Football Injuries.- Return to Play.- Protective Equipment.

Leseproben

Shoulder Dislocation (P. 127)

RAUL ZINI

Introduction

The game of football presents a multiple variety of traumas that, due to the characteristics of the game itself, commonly concern the lower limbs and to a lesser extent the upper limbs.Volpi [1] reported various case studies that published very high percentages of traumas to the lower limbs with respect to the upper limbs in professional football players [2.5].

More recently,Morgan and Oberlander [6] reported 77%, and an epidemiological study by the Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness of the American Academy of Paediatrics [7] confirmed percentage values of lower-limb injuries between 61% and 80% in comparison to 2.3.7.7% for upper limbs. Within this percentage, those involving the shoulder were between 1.8% and 2.6%. Another epidemiological study carried out on 50 Asian football matches by Yoon et al. [8] reported 5.4% of shoulder injuries.

Junge et al. [9] examined the main football injury cases in the 4-year period from 1998 to 2001 reporting shoulder injuries between 2% and 13%. Therefore, the shoulder is not frequently injured in football even though recently published documentation shows an increase in the trend, above all for the most traumatic injuries, such as fractures and dislocations.

In fact, the evolution of the game of football in recent years with a notable increase in speed, choice of tactical solutions such as pressing and marking, and the everincreasing recourse to tactical fouls, augmented the number of legal and illegal physical contacts, with a subsequent increase in trauma caused by falling on the ground.

Shoulder dislocation is one of the most frequent possibilities in the field of pathological trauma in the upper limbs of football players and, certainly, in light of the most recent suggestions in the literature, offers inspiration for a plethora of debates on prognosis and treatment.

Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects

Gleno-humeral dislocation occurs when the upper part of the humerus is forced past its normally permitted limits, following traumas of varying extents and characteristics, the humeral head can be pushed against the acromion edge, which works as a fulcrum, and if the bone does not break, causes the dislocation of the humeral epiphysis from the joint cavity. There are five varieties of scapular-humeral dislocations: subglenoid, subcoracoid, subclavicular, subspinatus, or posterior, erected.

The most common are the anterior subcoracoid dislocations, which will be the focus of attention here. Trauma mechanisms that most frequently determine a gleno-humeral dislocation in footballers are due to a double strain of abduction and external rotation, which act violently on the humerus.

On occasion, it can be a mechanism of extreme retropositioning with the arm abducted or simply, in more violent traumas, only extreme abduction, in other cases, not uncommon, the trauma is purely indirect due to a fall on the palm of the hand or the elbow of an abducted arm with the resulting force along the diaphysis of the humerus.