Voigt / Fesenko Remediation of Contaminated Environments

1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-0-08-091415-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Technology
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band V14, 496 Seiten, Format (B × H): 165 mm x 240 mm

Reihe: Radioactivity in the Environment

This new book series on environmental radioactivity addresses, at academic research level, the key aspects of this socially important and complex interdisciplinary subject. Presented objectively and with the ultimate authority gained from the many contributions by the world's leading experts, the negative and positive consequences of having a radioactive world around us will be documented and given perspective. In a world in which nuclear science is not only less popular than in the past but also less extensively taught in universities and colleges, this book series will hopefully fill a significant educational gap.At its core the series will consist of books on each of the big basic subjects including radioactivity in the terrestrial, marine and atmospheric environments; transfers of radioactivity through ecosystems; predictive modelling of radioactivity transport and distributions; isotopes as tracers; speciation and microbiological mediation of radionuclides; health effects of environmental radioactivity to both humans and biota and public perceptions and understanding of radioactivity in the environment.In addition to the above purpose-written core books there will be a sub-series of selected books based on research conferences on specialised subjects. These volumes will contain only peer-reviewed, revised and improved contributions, and provide an opportunity to collect together the best cutting-edge researchers on "hot topics".In this comprehensive series the reader will find detailed and authoritative scientific answers to the commonly asked and key questions about radioactivity in the environment. It complements Elsevier Science's ongoing coverage of research on this important topic via the /locate/jenvradJournal of Environmental Radioactivity, for nearly 20 years the only dedicated forum for dissemination of new developments in the field.Series URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/series/riePlease submit your book proposals to the Series Editor at: Ampfield House, Clachan Seil, Argyll, Scotland PA34 4TL, [e-mail]

Autoren/Hrsg.

Voigt, G.

Fesenko, S.

Weitere Mitwirkende

Voigt, G.

Fesenko, S.

Fachgebiete

• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Angewandte Ökologie
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Umweltverschmutzung, Umweltkriminalität, Umweltrecht
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Nuklearer Strahlenschutz, Nuklearenergie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front cover;1
2;Remediation of contaminated environments;4
3;Copyright page;5
4;Contents;6
5;Contributors;10
6;Introduction;12
6.1;References;15
7;Chapter 1. International Approaches to Remediation of Territorial Radioactive Contamination;18
7.1;1. Introduction;19
7.2;2. Misunderstandings;19
7.3;3. Scenarios;22
7.4;4. The International Radiation Protection Paradigm;24
7.5;5. International Standards on Remediation;46
7.6;References;55
8;Chapter 2. Site Characterisation and Measurement Strategies for Remediation Purposes;58
8.1;1. The Role of Site Characterisation in Remediation of Contaminated Environments;59
8.2;2. Sources of Radionuclides in the Environment Determining a Need for Remediation;63
8.3;3. Site-Specific Factors Governing Remedial Actions;71
8.4;4. Radioecological Survey of Contaminated Sites before, during and after Remediation;81
8.5;5. Performing Field Measurements and Sampling;98
8.6;6. Sample Preparation and Laboratory Measurements;107
8.7;7. Safety;123
8.8;8. Post-Remediation Survey and Compliance Verification;123
8.9;9. Conclusion;125
8.10;References;126
9;Chapter 3. Decision-Aiding Tools for Remediation Strategies;138
9.1;1. Introduction;139
9.2;2. Justification and Optimisation of Remedial Measures on Contaminated Areas: The ALARA Principle;140
9.3;3. Application of the Decision-Aiding Technologies for Justification of Remediation Strategies in Different Environments;152
9.4;4. Review of Presently Available Decision Support Systems;170
9.5;5. Conclusion;188
9.6;References;189
10;Chapter 4. Remediation of Areas Contaminated after Radiation Accidents;194
10.1;1. The Main Features of Remediation after Radiation Accidents and Incidents;195
10.2;2. Radioactive Contamination of the Techa River (USSR - Russia);200
10.3;3. The Radiation Accident at the ’Mayak’ Production Plant (the Kyshtym Accident) in the USSR in 1957;207
10.4;4. The Radiation Accident at Goiânia, Brazil;218
10.5;5. The Palomares Accident (Spain);221
10.6;6. The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Accident;222
10.7;References;236
11;Chapter 5. Remediation of Sites Contaminated by Nuclear Weapon Tests;240
11.1;1. Introduction;240
11.2;2. The Bikini and Enewetak Atolls in the Republic of the Marshall Islands: Tests Conducted by USA;241
11.3;3. Maralinga in Australia: Tests Conducted by the United Kingdom;260
11.4;Acknowledgement;274
11.5;References;274
12;Chapter 6. Remediation as Part of the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities;280
12.1;1. Introduction;281
12.2;2. Life Cycle Management;284
12.3;3. Long-Term Stewardship Issues;285
12.4;4. Reuse Options;286
12.5;5. Synergies Between Decommissioning and Remediation;288
12.6;6. Project Management;293
12.7;7. Residues Management;295
12.8;8. Quality Management;298
12.9;9. Practical Experience in Remediation and Site Reuse;299
12.10;10. Conclusions;356
12.11;References;357
13;Chapter 7. Remediation Planning of Uranium Mining and Milling Facilities: The Pridneprovsky Chemical Plant Complex in Ukraine;360
13.1;1. Introduction;360
13.2;2. Current Activities in and around the PChP Territory;364
13.3;3. Typical Patterns of Site Contamination;365
13.4;4. Preliminary Dose Assessment and Conclusions Based on Monitoring Data Analyses;367
13.5;5. Compliance with Radiation Safety Requirements;369
13.6;6. New Approach to a Remediation Strategy;371
13.7;References;372
14;Chapter 8. Principles and Technologies for Remediation of Uranium-Contaminated Environments;374
14.1;1. Environmental Uranium Contamination;375
14.2;2. Remedial Technologies for Uranium-Contaminated Environments;377
14.3;3. Bioremediation of Uranium-Contaminated Environments;379
14.4;4. Conclusion;386
14.5;References;387
15;Chapter 9. Effectiveness of Remedial Techniques for Environments Contaminated by Artificial Radionuclides;392
15.1;1. Introduction;393
15.2;2. Influence of Release Scenario on Effectiveness of Remedial Measures;393
15.3;3. Different Remediation Needs: Options and Implications;401
15.4;4. Remediation in Contaminated Urban Ecosystems;410
15.5;5. Remediation in Contaminated Agricultural Ecosystems;420
15.6;6. Remediation in Contaminated Forest Ecosystems;426
15.7;7. Remediation in Contaminated Aquatic Ecosystems;432
15.8;References;437
16;Chapter 10. Social, Ethical, Environmental and Economic Aspects of Remediation;444
16.1;1. Introduction;445
16.2;2. Environmental Secondary Effects of Remediation;446
16.3;3. The Chernobyl Experience;449
16.4;4. Ethical Aspects of Remediation;456
16.5;5. Two-Way Communication and Information;462
16.6;6. Conclusions;464
16.7;References;465
17;Concluding Remarks;470
17.1;References;472
18;Author Index;474
19;Subject Index;484