E-Book, Englisch, 309 Seiten
ISBN: 978-1-4398-6697-9
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
The book focuses on common, stressful situations in different professions. Reviewing bodily demands and reactions in eight selected common, but contrasting job types, the book explains relevant physiology in a novel way. Rather than being structured according to organs in the body, the book accepts the complex physiology of typical jobs and uses this as an entry. In addition to physiological facts, the book discusses risk factors for disorders and gives ideas on how to organize and design work and tasks so as to optimize health, work ability, and productivity.
Although many books cover physiology, they are based on a traditional anatomical structure (e.g., addressing the physiology of the cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal system, and so forth) and require readers to synthesize this knowledge into real-life complex applications. Occupational Physiology is, instead, structured around a number of typical jobs and explains their physiologies, as complex as they may be. This approach, while still presenting the physiology needed to understand occupational life, demonstrates how to use this information in situations encountered in practice.
Zielgruppe
Ergonomics/Human Factors Engineers, Engineering Psychologists, Industrial Design Engineers, Industrial Psychologists, Manufacturing Engineers, Safety Engineers, Organizational Psychologists, Occupational Health & Safety Engineers, Physical Therapists, Industrial Hygienists, Occupational Ergonomists
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
- Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Vorklinische Medizin: Grundlagenfächer Physiologie
- Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizinische Fachgebiete Umweltmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin, Tropenmedizin, Sportmedizin Arbeitsmedizin
Weitere Infos & Material
Work, Working Life, Occupational Physiology, Allan Toomingas, Svend Erik Mathiassen, and Ewa Wigaeus Tornqvist
Work: A Major Part of Life
Work, Exposure, and Physiological Responses
Exertion and Fatigue
Work Ability
Adaptation for Good and for Bad
Preconditions for Human Work
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders
Occupational Physiology from a Historical Perspective
Occupational Physiology: This Book
References
Work Demanding High Energy Metabolism, Ewa Wigaeus Tornqvist
Focus of the Chapter and Delimitations vis-à-vis Other Chapters
Prevalence of Demands for High Energy Metabolism in Working Life
Energy Metabolism and Physiological Adaptation with Increased Energy Demand
Energy Metabolism
Mechanical Efficiency
Oxygen Uptake
Pulmonary Ventilation
Blood Circulation
Factors Affecting Individual Load at a Particular External Exposure
Measuring Occupational Energy Demands
Demands of Work in Relation to Physical Work Capacity
Effects of High-Energetic Load
Recommended Exposure Limits
Measures in Work Requiring High Energy Metabolism
What Does the Law Say About Working with a High Energy Metabolism?
Summary
References
Further Reading
Work Requiring Considerable Muscle Force, Katarina Kjellberg
Focus of the Chapter and Delimitations vis-à-vis Other Chapters
What Characterizes Work Requiring Considerable Muscle Force?
Prevalence of Heavy Muscle Work in Working Life
The Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
Load on the Musculoskeletal System in Heavy Muscle Work
Gender Aspects
Age Aspects
Physiological Responses to Work Requiring Great Muscle Force
Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System Related to Heavy Muscle Work
Risk Factors
Methods for Assessing Load on the Musculoskeletal System
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders as a Result of Heavy Muscle Work
What the Law Says About Work Requiring Considerable Muscle Force
What Can Be Done to Reduce the Risks of Heavy Muscle Work?
Summary
References
Further Reading
Work in Awkward Postures, Karin Harms-Ringdahl
Focus and Delimitation
Prevalence in Working Life
Description of the Exposure
Normal Physiological Responses and Mechanisms
Potential Negative Results of Exposure
Incidence of Disorders
Risk Assessment
Measures in Critical Conditions
What Does the Law Say About Work in Awkward Work Postures?
Summary
References
Further Reading
Work with Highly Repetitive Movements, Fredrik Hellström
Focus and Delimitation
Prevalence of Highly Repetitive Work in Working Life
Repetitiveness and Exposure
Physiology of Repetitive Movements
Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Exposure to Highly Repetitive Movements
Consequences of Repetitive Loads among the Population
Risk Assessment
What Measures Can be Taken to Minimize the Risks of Repetitive Work?
What do Laws, Regulations, and Provisions Have to Say?
Summary
References
Further Reading
Prolonged, Low-Intensity, Sedentary Work, Allan Toomingas
Focus and Delimitation
Prevalence of Prolonged, Low-Intensity, Sedentary Work
What Characterizes Prolonged, Low-Intensity, Sedentary Work?
Muscles At Work
Arms and Hands are Flexible but Require Stabilization
Static Load on the Musculoskeletal System
Problems with Work Involving Prolonged, Low-Intensity Static Load
Gender- and Age-Related Differences
Explanatory Models
Scientific Evaluations
Sitting Still: A Health Risk in Itself
Is the Job Low Intensity, Sedentary, or with Static Load?
What the Law Says about Prolonged Low-Intensity, Sedentary, and Static Work
Suggestions for Improvements
Summary
References
Further Reading
Work with High Levels of Mental Strain, Bo Melin
Focus and Delimitation
Incidence of Work with High Mental Load
Stressors and Stress Reactions
The Stress Reaction: A Physical Response to Mental Exposures
The Stress Reaction in Two Different Systems: The Sympathetic Adrenomedullary System and the HPA Axis
The Autonomous Nervous System and SAM System
The Hypothalamus–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis
Work Organization Conditions Impacting on Mental Load
Cognitive Load
Routine Work Is Carried out at the Level of Procedural Memory
Mental Load: Effects on the Musculoskeletal System
Physiological Measures of Mental Load
More Indirect Methods
Subjective Measures of Mental Load
What Does the Law Say About Mental Load?
Summary
References
Further Reading
Work That Disrupts the Diurnal Rhythm, Torbjörn Åkerstedt
Focus and Delimitation
Definitions and Scope
Prevalence of Unsocial Working Hours
What the Law Has to Say About Working Hours
Diurnal Rhythm and Sleep: The Main Components
Measuring the Diurnal Rhythm
Sleep
Shift Work and Sleep
Causes of Sleep Disturbance
Effects of Wakefulness, Performance, and Safety
Other Health Effects
Individual Differences
Special Factors Concerning Working Hours
Risk-Reducing Measures
Summary
References
Further Reading
Work in Heat and Cold, Désirée Gavhed
Focus and Delimitation
Prevalence of Work and Disorders in Heat and Cold
What Characterizes Work in Heat and Cold?
Heat Production, Heat Loss, and Temperature Regulation
Cold
Heat
Indoor Climate
Gender Aspects of Work in an Extreme Climate
Age Aspects of Work in an Extreme Climate
Measurement and Rating of Thermal Climate
Remedial Measures for Climate Problems
What the Law Says About Work in Heat and Cold
Summary
References
Further Reading
A Good Working Life for Everyone, Allan Toomingas, Margareta Bratt Carlström, and Svend Erik Mathiassen
Work is Important
What is Good Work—Some Principles
Maintaining and Increasing Work Ability
What the Law Says
Trends in Today’s Working Life
Work–Life Balance
References
Index
