Dry Scrubbing Technologies for Flue Gas Desulfurization

1998. Auflage 1998
ISBN: 978-0-7923-8346-8
Verlag: Springer Us

Buch, Englisch, 862 Seiten, Format (B × H): 166 mm x 241 mm, Gewicht: 1343 g

Dry sulfurization processes offer the significant advantages of low capital and low operating costs when compared to wet desulfurization. They hold great potential for the economical reduction of sulfur emissions from power utilities that use high-sulfur coal.
represents a body of research that was sponsored by the State of Ohio's Coal Development Office for the development of technologies that use coal in an economic, environmentally-sound manner. One of the project's major goals was the development of dry, calcium-based sorption processes for removing sulfur dioxide from the combustion gases produced by high-sulfur coal.
highlights a number of fundamental research findings that have had a significant and lasting impact in terms of scientific understanding. For example, the experimental investigation of the upper-furnace sulfur capture obtained time-resolved kinetic data in less than 100 millisecond time-scales for the first time ever, thereby revealing the true nature of the ultra-fast and overlapping phenomena. This was accomplished through the development of a unique entrained flow reactor system. The authors also identify a number of important areas for future research, including reaction mechanisms, sorbent material, transport effects, modeling, and process development.
will appeal to both chemical and environmental engineers who examine different ways touse coal in a more environmentally benign manner. It will make an essential reference for air pollution control researchers from coal, lime, cement, and utility industries; for government policy-makers and environmental regulatory agencies; and for those who teach graduate courses in environmental issues, pollution control technologies, and environmental policy.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Toole-O'Neil, Barbara

Fachgebiete

• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Angewandte Ökologie
• Technische Wissenschaften Umwelttechnik | Umwelttechnologie Luftreinhaltung
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Umwelttechnik
• Technische Wissenschaften Umwelttechnik | Umwelttechnologie Umwelttechnik
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Umweltmanagement, Umweltökonomie
• Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Verfahrenstechnik, Chemieingenieurwesen
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Umweltverschmutzung, Umweltkriminalität, Umweltrecht

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1 Flue Gas Desulfurization for Acid Rain Control.- Abstract.- Background.- General Discussion of Current FGD Technology.- Process Research Studies.- In-Fumace Injection.- Fundamentals.- Modeling of Sorbent Reaction.- Technology.- Scope.- Economizer Zone Injection, 900–1200°F.- Injection of Hydrated Lime Downstream of the Air Preheater.- Fundamental Studies.- Spray Drying Absorption.- Description of the Spray Drying FGD Process.- Process Chemistry.- Particulate Control.- Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP).- Fabric Filters (Baghouse).- Wet Scrubber.- Mechanical Particulate Control Devices.- Comparison of SO2 Removal in Fabric Filter (Baghouse) and ESPs.- Scope.- Sorbent Forms and Additives.- Morphology.- The Use of Additives to Enhance Reactivity.- Miscellaneous Additives - High Temperature Applications.- Contacting Flow Patterns and Multiphase Flows.- Fundamental Fluid Mechanics, Mass and Heat Transfer Consideration in FGD Processes Involving Multiphase Flows.- Conclusions.- Future Research Needs.- References.- 2 New Calcium-Based Sorbents for Flue Gas Desulfurization.- Abstract.- Techniques and Apparatus.- Survey of Calcium Silicates.- Pure Calcium Silicate Sorbents.- SiO2-Modified Ca(OH)2 Sorbents.- Hydrated Ca3SiO5 AND ?-Ca2SiO4 Sorbents.- Hydrated Portland Cement Sorbents.- Summary.- Notes and References.- 3 Fundamental Studies Concerning Calcium-Based Sorbents.- Abstract.- Literature.- Limestone/Lime Characterization Study.- Effect of Chemical Additives on Duct Injection/Spray Drying Performance.- Nomenclature.- References.- 4 Sorbent Transport and Dispersion.- Abstract.- Powder Characterization.- Powder Dispersion.- Modeling.- Nomenclature.- References.- 5 Transport Processes Involved in FGD.- Abstract.- Literature Review.- Design Consideration for the SorbentInjection Facility.- Sorbent Injection Facility.- Test Results and Discussion.- Conclusions.- Investigation of Spray-Concurrent Flow.- Conclusions.- Summary.- Nomenclature.- References.- 6 High Temperature Desulfurization of Flue Gas Using Calcium-Based Sorbents.- Abstract.- High-Temperature Entrained Flow Reactor Setup.- Experimental Approach.- Ca-Based Sorbents Used in High-Temperature Flue Gas Desulfurization.- Experimental Results and Discussion: Calcination of Calcium Based Sorbents.- Experimental Results and Discussion: Sulfation of Calcium-Based Sorbents.- Reaction Modeling for High-Temperature SO2 Sorption.- Modified Calcium-Based Sorbent.- Conclusions.- Nomenclature.- Reference.- 7 Kinetic Studies on the Medium Temperature Ca(OH)2 Sorbent Injection FGD Process.- Abstract.- Entrained Flow Reactor.- Dehydration Reaction of Ca(OH)2.- Carbonation Reaction.- Sulfation Reaction.- Simultaneous Sulfation and Carbonation Reaction.- References.- 8 Advances in Spray Drying Desulfurization for High-Sulfur Coals.- Abstract.- Literature Review.- Lime Dissolution Rate Studies.- Pilot Spray Dryer Experimental Approach and Results.- Spray Dryer Modeling.- Conclusions.- Nomenclature.- References.- 9 Low Temperature Dry Scrubbing/LEC Process Support.- Abstract.- Literature Review.- Process Theory and Model Development.- Fixed-Bed Process Model.- Moving-Bed Reactor Process Model.- Limestone Solubilities and Rates of Solubilization.- Nomenclature.- References.- 10 Simulation and Optimization of a Granular Limestone Flue Gas Desulfurization Process.- Abstract.- Literature Review.- Process Model.- Results.- Conclusions.- Nomenclature.- References.- Appendix A-Governing Differential Equations.- Material and Enthalpy Balances.- Gas Phase Material Balances.- Solid Phase Material Balances.- Liquid Phase Material Balances.- Detailed Enthalpy Balances.- Appendix B Transport and Physical Property Correlations.- Sulfur (Dioxide) Transport Rate (gS).- Water Transport Rate (gW).- Gas/Liquid Heat Transport Rate (gg).- Gas/Liquid Heat Transfer Coefficient (hg).- Calcium Pseudo-Mass Transfer Coefficient (kmC).- Water Vapor Mass Transfer Coefficient (kmS).- Colbum j Factor for Heat and Mass Transfer in the Gas Phase (Jg).- Appendix C - Plant Simulation and Cost Model.- Mass Balance Equations.- Equipment Size Parameters.