Tervanotko Denying Her Voice: The Figure of Miriam in Ancient Jewish Literature

1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-3-647-55105-0
Verlag: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 0 - No protection

E-Book, Englisch, Band Band 023, 354 Seiten

Reihe: Journal of Ancient Judaism. Supplements (JAJ.S)

Hanna Tervanotko first analyzes the treatment and development of Miriam as a literary character in ancient Jewish texts, taking into account all the references to this figure preserved in ancient Jewish literature from the exilic period to the early second century C.E.: Exodus 15:20-21; Deuteronomy 24:8-9; Numbers 12:1-15; 20:1; 26:59; 1 Chronicles 5:29; Micah 6:4, the Septuagint, the Dead Sea Scrolls (4Q365 6 II, 1-7; 4Q377 2 I, 9; 4Q543 1 I, 6 = 4Q545 1 I, 5; 4Q546 12, 4; 4Q547 4 I, 10; 4Q549 2, 8), Jubilees 47:4; Ezekiel the Tragedian 18; Demetrius Chronographer frag. 3; texts by Philo of Alexandria: De vita contemplativa 87; Legum allegoriae 1.76; 2.66-67; 3.103; De agricultura 80-81; Liber antiquitatum biblicarum 9:10; 20:8, and finally texts by Josephus: Antiquitates judaicae 2.221; 3.54; 3.105; 4.78. These texts demonstrate that the picture of Miriam preserved in the ancient Jewish texts is richer than the Hebrew Bible suggests. The results provide a contradictory image of Miriam. On the one hand she becomes a tool of Levitical politics, whereas on the other she continues to enjoy a freer role. People continued to interpret earlier literary traditions in light of new situations, and interpretations varied in different contexts. Second, in light of poststructuralist literary studies that treat texts as reflections of specific social situations, Tervanotko argues that the treatment of Miriam in ancient Jewish literature reflects mostly a reality in which women had little space as active agents. Despite the general tendency to allow women only little room, the references to Miriam suggest that at least some prominent women may have enjoyed occasional freedom.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Tervanotko, Hanna K.

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Jüdische Studien Jüdische Studien Jüdische Studien: Literatur & Kunst
• Geisteswissenschaften Jüdische Studien Geschichte des Judentums Geschichte des Judentums: Biblische & Klassische Periode
• Geisteswissenschaften Literaturwissenschaft Literaturgeschichte und Literaturkritik
• Geisteswissenschaften Literaturwissenschaft Literarische Stoffe, Motive und Themen
• Geisteswissenschaften Jüdische Studien Jüdische Studien Heilige & Traditionstexte: Torah, Talmud, Mischna, Halacha

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Title Page;4
2;Copyright;5
3;Table of Contents;6
4;Body;12
5;Acknowledgements;12
6;Style and Abbreviations;14
7;1. Introduction;20
7.1;1.1 Background;21
7.2;1.2 History of Research;22
7.2.1;1.2.1 Biblical Female Figures;22
7.2.2;1.2.2 The Figure of Miriam;25
7.3;1.3 Methods;29
7.3.1;1.3.1 Historical-Critical Approach;29
7.3.2;1.3.2 Literary-Theoretical Approach;32
7.3.2.1;1.3.2.1 Intertextuality;32
7.3.2.2;1.3.2.2 Bakhtin’s Concept of Dialogism;35
7.3.3;1.3.3 Feminist Criticism;39
7.4;1.4 Aims;40
8;2. Miriam in the Texts through the Persian Era;44
8.1;2.1 Miriam’s Song: Exodus 15:20–21;44
8.1.1;2.1.1 Introduction;44
8.1.2;2.1.2 Text Criticism;47
8.1.3;2.1.3 Vocabulary Analysis;49
8.1.4;2.1.4 Stylistic Analysis;51
8.1.5;2.1.5 Literary Criticism;51
8.1.6;2.1.6 Female Prophecy;53
8.1.6.1;2.1.6.1 Female Prophecy in the Hebrew Bible;55
8.1.7;2.1.7 Miriam in Exodus 15:20–21;59
8.1.8;2.1.8 Summary;61
8.2;2.2 Miriam in Laws: Deuteronomy 24:8–9;62
8.2.1;2.2.1 Introduction;62
8.2.2;2.2.2 Text Criticism;62
8.2.3;2.2.3 Vocabulary Analysis;64
8.2.4;2.2.4 Literary and Redaction Criticism;66
8.2.5;2.2.5 Miriam in Deuteronomy 24:8–9;67
8.2.6;2.2.6 Relationship with the Earlier Texts;68
8.2.7;2.2.7 Summary;69
8.3;2.3 Miriam’s Revolt and Punishment: Numbers 12:1–15;69
8.3.1;2.3.1 Introduction;69
8.3.2;2.3.2 Text Criticism;70
8.3.3;2.3.3 Vocabulary Analysis;73
8.3.4;2.3.4 Stylistic Analysis;79
8.3.5;2.3.5 Literary Criticism;80
8.3.6;2.3.6 Miriam in Numbers 12:1–15;84
8.3.7;2.3.7 Redaction Analysis;86
8.3.8;2.3.8 Relationship with the Earlier Texts;89
8.3.9;2.3.9 Summary;90
8.4;2.4 Miriam’s Death and Burial: Numbers 20:1;91
8.4.1;2.4.1 Introduction;91
8.4.2;2.4.2 Vocabulary Analysis;93
8.4.3;2.4.3 Death and Burial of Female Figures;95
8.4.4;2.4.4 Literary Criticism;97
8.4.5;2.4.5 Miriam in Numbers 20:1;99
8.4.6;2.4.6 Relationship with the Earlier Texts;99
8.4.7;2.4.7 Summary;100
8.5;2.5 Miriam in the Lists I: Numbers 26:59;101
8.5.1;2.5.1 Introduction;101
8.5.2;2.5.2 Women in Numbers 26;103
8.5.3;2.5.3 Literary Criticism;105
8.5.4;2.5.4 Miriam in Numbers 26:59;106
8.5.5;2.5.5 Relationship with the Earlier Texts;108
8.5.6;2.5.6 Summary;109
8.6;2.6 Miriam’s Leadership: Micah 6:4;110
8.6.1;2.6.1 Introduction;110
8.6.2;2.6.2 Vocabulary Analysis;112
8.6.3;2.6.3 Miriam in Micah 6:4;113
8.6.4;2.6.4 Relationship with the Earlier Texts;115
8.6.5;2.6.5 Summary;116
8.7;2.7 Miriam in the Texts through the Persian Era;116
9;3. Rereading of Miriam in the Hellenistic Era;120
9.1;3.1 Texts from Judea;121
9.1.1;3.1.1 Miriam in Lists II: 1 Chronicles 5:29;121
9.1.1.1;3.1.1.1 Introduction;121
9.1.1.2;3.1.1.2 Women in 1 Chronicles 1–9;122
9.1.1.3;3.1.1.3 Text Criticism;123
9.1.1.4;3.1.1.4 Miriam in 1 Chronicles 5:29;125
9.1.1.5;3.1.1.5 Relationship with the Earlier Texts;126
9.1.1.6;3.1.1.6 Summary;126
9.1.2;3.1.2 Miriam as the Daughter of Amram: The Visions of Amram a,c,d,e,g;127
9.1.2.1;3.1.2.1 Introduction;127
9.1.2.2;3.1.2.2 Women in the Visions of Amram;131
9.1.2.3;3.1.2.3 Miriam’s Marriage (4Q543 1 6 = 4Q545 1 I, 5–6);132
9.1.2.4;3.1.2.4 Miriam’s Mystery (4Q546 12 4);136
9.1.2.5;3.1.2.5 Miriam’s Birth (4Q547 9 10);140
9.1.2.6;3.1.2.6 Miriam in the Family Genealogy (4Q549 2 8);143
9.1.2.7;3.1.2.7 Miriam in the Visions of Amram;145
9.1.2.8;3.1.2.8 Relationship with the Earlier Texts;146
9.1.2.9;3.1.2.9 Summary;146
9.1.3;3.1.3 The Extended Song of Miriam: The Reworked Pentateuchc (4Q365 6a II + 6c, 1–7);148
9.1.3.1;3.1.3.1 Introduction;148
9.1.3.2;3.1.3.2 The Extended Song of Miriam;150
9.1.3.3;3.1.3.3 Vocabulary Analysis;151
9.1.3.4;3.1.3.4 Victory Songs Attributed to Women;152
9.1.3.5;3.1.3.5 Other Versions of the Song of Miriam;155
9.1.3.6;3.1.3.6 The Relationship between the Songs of Miriam in the Reworked Pentateuchc and the Pentateuch Targumim;157
9.1.3.7;3.1.3.7 Miriam in the Reworked Pentateuchc;160
9.1.3.8;3.1.3.8 Relationship with the Earlier Texts;162
9.1.3.9;3.1.3.9 Summary;162
9.1.4;3.1.4 Miriam and the Infant Moses I: Jubilees 47:4;163
9.1.4.1;3.1.4.1 Introduction;163
9.1.4.2;3.1.4.2 Women in Jubilees;165
9.1.4.3;3.1.4.3 Analysis of Jubilees 47:4;167
9.1.4.4;3.1.4.4 Miriam in Jubilees 47:4;169
9.1.4.5;3.1.4.5 Relationship with the Earlier Texts;171
9.1.4.6;3.1.4.6 Summary;172
9.1.5;3.1.5 Miriam’s Punishment Renarrated: The Apocryphon Pentateuch B (4Q377 2 I, 9);173
9.1.5.1;3.1.5.1 Introduction;173
9.1.5.2;3.1.5.2 Fragment 2 of 4Q377;176
9.1.5.3;3.1.5.3 Vocabulary Analysis;176
9.1.5.4;3.1.5.4 Miriam in the Apocryphon Pentateuch B;179
9.1.5.5;3.1.5.5 Relationship with the Earlier Texts;180
9.1.5.6;3.1.5.6 Summary;181
9.1.6;3.1.6 Excursus: The Levites in the Second Temple Period;181
9.1.6.1;3.1.6.1 The Texts through the Persian Era;181
9.1.6.2;3.1.6.2 The Texts of the Hellenistic Era;186
9.1.6.3;3.1.6.3 Miriam as Levite;189
9.1.7;3.1.7 Conclusions Regarding the Hellenistic Texts from Judea;192
9.2;3.2 Texts from Egypt;194
9.2.1;3.2.1 The Interpretation of Miriam in the Septuagint;194
9.2.1.1;3.2.1.1 Introduction;194
9.2.1.2;3.2.1.2 Exodus 6:20;196
9.2.1.3;3.2.1.3 Exodus 15:20–21;197
9.2.1.4;3.2.1.4 Deuteronomy 24:8–9;201
9.2.1.5;3.2.1.5 Numbers 12:1–15;202
9.2.1.6;3.2.1.6 Numbers 20:1;205
9.2.1.7;3.2.1.7 Numbers 26:59;206
9.2.1.8;3.2.1.8 Micah 6:4;208
9.2.1.9;3.2.1.9 1 Chronicles 5:29;209
9.2.1.10;3.2.1.10 Miriam in the Septuagint;209
9.2.1.11;3.2.1.11 Summary;211
9.2.2;3.2.2 Miriam Referring to Moses’s Marriage: Demetrius the Chronographer, Fragment 3;212
9.2.2.1;3.2.2.1 Introduction;212
9.2.2.2;3.2.2.2 Analysis of Fragment 3;214
9.2.2.3;3.2.2.3 Miriam in Demetrius the Chronographer;216
9.2.2.4;3.2.2.4 Relationship with the Earlier Texts;217
9.2.2.5;3.2.2.5 Summary;218
9.2.3;3.2.3 Miriam and the Infant Moses II: Exagoge 18–26;218
9.2.3.1;3.2.3.1 Introduction;218
9.2.3.2;3.2.3.2 Analysis of Exagoge 18–26;221
9.2.3.3;3.2.3.3 Miriam in Exagoge;222
9.2.3.4;3.2.3.4 Relationship with Earlier Texts;223
9.2.3.5;3.2.3.5 Summary;224
9.2.4;3.2.4 Conclusions regarding the Hellenistic Texts from Egypt;225
9.3;3.3 Miriam in the Texts of the Hellenistic Era;226
10;4. Rereading of Miriam in the Roman Era;230
10.1;4.1 Miriam as Virgin and Woman: Philo of Alexandria;230
10.1.1;4.1.1 Introduction;230
10.1.2;4.1.2 Women in the Texts of Philo;231
10.1.3;4.1.3 Texts Referring to Miriam;234
10.1.4;4.1.4 Miriam in Philo’s Historical Texts;235
10.1.4.1;4.1.4.1 De vita contemplativa 87;235
10.1.5;4.1.5 Miriam in Philo’s Allegorical Texts;238
10.1.5.1;4.1.5.1 Legum allegoriae 1.76;238
10.1.5.2;4.1.5.2 Legum allegoriae 2.66–67;239
10.1.5.3;4.1.5.3 Legum allegoriae 3.103;241
10.1.5.4;4.1.5.4 De agricultura 80–81;242
10.1.6;4.1.6 Philo’s Interpretation of Miriam;245
10.1.7;4.1.7 Relationship with the Earlier Texts;247
10.1.8;4.1.8 Summary;249
10.2;4.2 Miriam’s Vision and Water from the Well: Liber antiquitatum biblicarum;250
10.2.1;4.2.1 Introduction;250
10.2.2;4.2.2 Women in Liber antiquitatum biblicarum;253
10.2.3;4.2.3 Liber antiquitatum biblicarum 9:10;255
10.2.4;4.2.4 Liber antiquitatum biblicarum 20:8;257
10.2.5;4.2.5 Miriam in Liber antiquitatum biblicarum;258
10.2.6;4.2.6 Relationship with the Earlier Texts;260
10.2.7;4.2.7 Summary;262
10.3;4.3 Miriam as Supporter of Moses and Ancestor Mother: Flavius Josephus;263
10.3.1;4.3.1 Introduction;263
10.3.2;4.3.2 Women in the Texts of Josephus;264
10.3.3;4.3.3 Antiquitates judaicae 2.221, 2.226;267
10.3.4;4.3.4 Antiquitates judaicae 3.54;270
10.3.5;4.3.5 Antiquitates judaicae 3.105;271
10.3.6;4.3.6 Antiquitates judaicae 4.78;273
10.3.7;4.3.7 Josephus’s Interpretation of Miriam;276
10.3.8;4.3.8 Relationship with the Earlier Texts;278
10.3.9;4.3.9 Summary;281
10.4;4.4 Miriam in the Texts of the Roman Era;282
11;5. Conclusions;286
11.1;5.1 Miriam in Ancient Jewish Literature;286
11.2;5.2 Role of Women in Ancient Judaism;290
11.2.1;5.2.1 Marriage Practices;291
11.2.2;5.2.2 Women’s Prophecy;293
11.3;5.3 Implications of this Study;294
12;Bibliography;296
12.1;1. Bibles;296
12.2;2. Editions and Reference Works;296
12.3;3. General Bibliography;298
13;Index of Ancient Sources;330
14;Author Index;346
15;Subject Index;352

Über Autor(innen)

Tervanotko, Hanna K.
Hanna Tervanotko, Ph.D, Th.D., is a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Helsinki with a second affiliation at KU Leuven, Belgium.