Tauber / Ackermann Mental Models and Human-Computer Interaction

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9103-1
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 2, 423 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Human Factors in Information Technology

Nowadays, mental models are seen as crucial in systems design. Research is driven by the assumption that a better insight into a user's cognitive processes when using a system will improve design methods and provide friendly and efficient interfaces.The papers in this volume explore three fundamental issues: understanding the complexity of the intended worksystem, describing it by models and finally building the required powerful and usable system. The papers are an edited selection of those presented at the 8th interdisciplinary workshop on Mental Models and HCI, held in Austria in June 1989. They concentrate primarily on design issues, their theoretical background and the application of the concept of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Nevertheless, there are also contributions on theoretical topics and methodological questions.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Tauber, Martin G.

Ackermann, D.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Mental Models and Human-Computer Interaction 2;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;14
5;PREFACE;6
5.1;The Content of the Book;7
6;PART 1: FROM THEORY TO DESIGN;18
6.1;CHAPTER 1. THE IMPORTANCE OF MODELS IN MAKING COMPLEX SYSTEMS COMPREHENSIBLE;20
6.1.1;ABSTRACT;20
6.1.2;Introduction;20
6.1.3;High-functionality computer systems - examples of complex systems;21
6.1.4;Cooperative problem solving systems;23
6.1.5;Comprehensible systems;27
6.1.6;Models;35
6.1.7;Innovative system design efforts in making complex systems comprehensible;42
6.1.8;JANUS: An example of an integrated, knowledge-based design environment;43
6.1.9;Conclusions;48
6.1.10;Acknowledgements;49
6.1.11;References;49
7;PART 2: METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS;54
7.1;CHAPTER 2. MODELS OF MENTAL MODELS: AN ERGONOMIST - PSYCHOLOGIST DIALOGUE;56
7.1.1;ABSTRACT;56
7.1.2;Introduction;56
7.1.3;A starting point;57
7.1.4;Knowledge representation;59
7.1.5;Different approaches;60
7.1.6;Pictures in the mind?;63
7.1.7;Mental models within human factors;66
7.1.8;Conclusions;69
7.1.9;Acknowledgements;70
7.1.10;References;71
7.2;CHAPTER 3. HOW TO T(R)AP USERS' MENTAL MODELS;76
7.2.1;ABSTRACT;76
7.2.2;Introduction;76
7.2.3;Critical review of experimental methods for investigating users' models;77
7.2.4;Five empirical studies on users' models;87
7.2.5;Future work: process aspects of users' models;94
7.2.6;References;94
7.3;CHAPTER 4. MODELLING FOR ADAPTIVITY;98
7.3.1;ABSTRACT;98
7.3.2;Introduction;98
7.3.3;Why adaptive systems?;99
7.3.4;A taxonomy of adaptivity;101
7.3.5;What do adaptive systems need?;103
7.3.6;How are adaptive systems to be built?;108
7.3.7;Conclusion;110
7.3.8;References;111
7.4;CHAPTER 5. CONCURRENT USE OF DIFFERENT EXPERTIS EELICITATION METHODS APPLIED TO THE STUDY OF THE PROGRAMMING ACTIVITY;114
7.4.1;ABSTRACT;114
7.4.2;Introduction;114
7.4.3;First approach by the researcher to the study object;116
7.4.4;Example of results;118
7.4.5;Study of the result of the activity: gathering programmers' knowledge;118
7.4.6;Real time study of the programming activity;122
7.4.7;Conclusion;128
7.4.8;Acknowledgements;129
7.4.9;References;129
7.5;CHAPTER 6. ANALYSING COMPLEX TASKS WITH AN EXTENDED GOMS* MODEL;132
7.5.1;ABSTRACT;132
7.5.2;Introduction;132
7.5.3;The extended GOMS* model;133
7.5.4;Conclusions;147
7.5.5;References;149
7.6;CHAPTER 7. OBJECT-BASED ACTION PLANNING;152
7.6.1;ABSTRACT;152
7.6.2;Introduction;152
7.6.3;Modelling a system's functionality;158
7.6.4;Modelling the system and the task world;163
7.6.5;Complex task representation;166
7.6.6;Modelling action planning;167
7.6.7;Discussion;169
7.6.8;References;171
8;PART 3: EMPIRICAL RESULTS;174
8.1;CHAPTER 8. DESIGN DECISIONS FOR A USER INTERFACE;176
8.1.1;ABSTRACT;176
8.1.2;Introduction;176
8.1.3;Framework for the design of the metacommunicative aspects of user interface;182
8.1.4;Functionality of a system for information retrieval;183
8.1.5;Implementation of the user interface;186
8.1.6;Conclusion;194
8.1.7;References;195
8.2;CHAPTER 9.
MENTAL MODELS AND THE EVALUATION OF USER INTERFACES: A CASE-STUDY OF A LIBRARY SYSTEM;196
8.2.1;ABSTRACT;196
8.2.2;Introduction;196
8.2.3;Mental models;198
8.2.4;Theoretical framework;198
8.2.5;Implications;200
8.2.6;The evaluation study;201
8.2.7;Findings;203
8.2.8;Discussion and conclusions;204
8.2.9;References;205
8.3;CHAPTER 10. LEVEL OF EXPERIENCE IN TEXT-EDITING: THE ROLE OF MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS ON PERFORMANCE;208
8.3.1;ABSTRACT;208
8.3.2;Introduction;208
8.3.3;Method;209
8.3.4;Results;210
8.3.5;Conclusions;215
8.3.6;Acknowledgements;217
8.3.7;References;217
8.4;CHAPTER 11. HOW TO PREDICT USER PERFORMANCE AND USER PREFERENCE WITH DIFFERENT INTERACTION TECHNIQUES?;220
8.4.1;ABSTRACT;220
8.4.2;Introduction;220
8.4.3;Experimental variation;222
8.4.4;Models;226
8.4.5;TAG model;228
8.4.6;GOMS model;228
8.4.7;Model parameters;230
8.4.8;Results;231
8.4.9;Conclusions;238
8.4.10;References;240
8.5;CHAPTER 12. A SCHEMA-BASED MODEL OF PROGRAM UNDERSTANDING;242
8.5.1;ABSTRACT;242
8.5.2;Introduction;242
8.5.3;A model of program understanding;243
8.5.4;Understanding failures;248
8.5.5;Understanding strategies;249
8.5.6;Conclusion;254
8.5.7;References;254
9;PART 4: MENTAL MODELS IN DESIGN;258
9.1;CHAPTER 13. COGNITIVE PROCESSES IN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL: PRODUCTION RULES AND LEXICAL NETS;260
9.1.1;ABSTRACT;260
9.1.2;General description of the search process;260
9.1.3;Simulation of the lexical processes;262
9.1.4;Description of the query formulation by a production system;268
9.1.5;References;272
9.2;CHAPTER 14. MODELLING THE USER INTERACTION METHODS IMPOSED BY DESIGNS;274
9.2.1;ABSTRACT;274
9.2.2;Introduction;274
9.2.3;Method;276
9.2.4;Initial modelling results;278
9.2.5;Additional analysis;281
9.2.6;Conclusions;283
9.2.7;References;285
9.3;CHAPTER 15. USABILITY TESTING: A PRACTICAL USE FOR MENTAL MODEL CONSTRUCTION;288
9.3.1;ABSTRACT;288
9.3.2;Introduction;288
9.3.3;The telephone user and usage;291
9.3.4;Mental models and representation;294
9.3.5;Mental models in telephone usage;296
9.3.6;Simulation of the telephone user;302
9.3.7;Implementation;303
9.3.8;Discussion;304
9.3.9;References;305
10;PART 5: MENTAL MODELS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE;306
10.1;CHAPTER 16. PLAN RECOGNITION IN HCl: THE PARSING OF USER ACTIONS;308
10.1.1;ABSTRACT;308
10.1.2;Introduction;308
10.1.3;Plan recognition and the grammatical approach;310
10.1.4;A comparison of different parsing strategies;319
10.1.5;Conclusion;323
10.1.6;Acknowledgement;325
10.1.7;References;326
10.2;CHAPTER 17. INDUCTIVE KNOWLEGDE ACQUISITION FOR A UNIX COACH;330
10.2.1;ABSTRACT;330
10.2.2;Intelligent user support based on task knowledge;330
10.2.3;LEXITAS: a language for representing task knowledge;332
10.2.4;The FINIX application;334
10.2.5;Acquisition of task knowledge by induction;337
10.2.6;Machine learning aspects;348
10.2.7;Acknowledgement;350
10.2.8;References;351
10.3;CHAPTER 18. THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF CONSTRUCTING A MENTAL MODEL WHEN LEARNING BY BEING TOLD, FROM EXAMPLES, AND BY EXPLORATION;354
10.3.1;ABSTRACT;354
10.3.2;Introduction;354
10.3.3;The construction of a mental model;356
10.3.4;Knowledge utilization;372
10.3.5;Discussion;375
10.3.6;Acknowledgements;376
10.3.7;References;376
10.4;CHAPTER 19. DOMAIN REPRESENTATION AND STUDENT MODELING IN A MICROWORLD FOR ELASTIC IMPACTS;378
10.4.1;ABSTRACT;378
10.4.2;DiBi: a microworld for elastic impacts;378
10.4.3;Domain representation and student modeling;384
10.4.4;References;388
10.5;CHAPTER 20. KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION AS AN OBJECTORIENTED MODELLING PROCESS;390
10.5.1;ABSTRACT;390
10.5.2;Knowledge acquisition;390
10.5.3;Object-oriented modelling of knowledge;392
10.5.4;Metasystems;393
10.5.5;Digester and Informant;394
10.5.6;The ZOO metasystem;395
10.5.7;Accommodation of meta-level knowledge using ZOO;396
10.5.8;Conclusions;396
10.5.9;References;398
10.6;CHAPTER 21. ARISTOTELIAN SYLLOGISMS IN MENTAL MODELS;400
10.6.1;ABSTRACT;400
10.6.2;Introduction;400
10.6.3;Description of the problem;402
10.6.4;Representation of syllogisms by graphs;404
10.6.5;Extension of the model;407
10.6.6;References;410
11;AUTHOR INDEX;412
12;SUBJECT INDEX;418