Siewiorek / Koopman The Architecture of Supercomputers

Titan, a Case Study
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-6851-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 220 Seiten, Web PDF

The Architecture of Supercomputers: Titan, A Case Study describes the architecture of the first member of an entirely new computing class, the graphic supercomputing workstation known as Titan. This book is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the Titan architecture, including the motivation, organization, and processes that created it. A survey of all the techniques to speed up computation is presented in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 reviews the issue of particular benchmarks and measures, while Chapter 4 analyzes a model of a concurrency hierarchy extending from the register set to the entire operating system. The architecture of Titan graphics supercomputer and its implementation are considered in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 examines the performance of Titan in terms of the various information flow data rates. The last chapter is devoted to the actual performance on benchmark kernels and how the architecture and implementation affect performance. This publication is recommended for architects and engineers designing processors and systems.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Siewiorek, Daniel P.

Koopman, Philip John

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;The Architecture of Supercomputers: Titan, a Case Study;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;FOREWORD;10
6;PREFACE;16
7;CHAPTER ONE. TITAN ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW;20
7.1;1.1 Visualization of Scientific Computations;20
7.2;1.2 System Overview;23
7.3;1.3 General Operation Principles;28
7.4;1.4 From Concept to Realization;29
7.5;1.5 The Next Generation;45
8;CHAPTER TWO. ARCHITECTURAL EVOLUTION—ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS IN HIGH-PERFORMANCE DESIGN;46
8.1;2.1 In the Beginning: Uniprocessors;46
8.2;2.2 Memory Performance Hierarchies;49
8.3;2.3 Speedup through Specialization;57
8.4;2.4 Concurrency through Overlap of Operations;58
8.5;2.5 Concurrency through Replication;68
8.6;2.6 Vector Operations;80
8.7;2.7 Limits to Speedup: Amdahl's Law;87
8.8;2.8 Summary;90
9;CHAPTER THREE. PERFORMANCE AND BALANCE;92
9.1;3.1 Hardware Performance Measures;94
9.2;3.2 Kiviat Graphs;100
9.3;3.3 System Performance Measures;102
9.4;3.4 The Importance of Balance;114
10;CHAPTER FOUR. HIERARCHICAL MODEL OF COMPUTATION;116
10.1;4.1 A High-Level Model of Computation;116
10.2;4.2 A More Detailed Model of Computation;117
10.3;4.3 Primitive Operations;121
11;CHAPTER FIVE. TITAN ARCHITECTURE AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION;124
11.1;5.1 System Bus;124
11.2;5.2 Memory;126
11.3;5.3 Integer Unit;134
11.4;5.4 Vector Processing Unit;141
11.5;5.5 Graphics Processing Unit;158
11.6;5.6 I/O;166
11.7;5.7 Reliability Features;167
11.8;5.8 An Example of System Operation;171
11.9;5.9 Feature Summary;175
12;CHAPTER SIX. ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS OF TITAN;176
12.1;6.1 System Bus;176
12.2;6.2 Memory;176
12.3;6.3 Integer Unit;180
12.4;6.4 Vector Processing Unit;181
12.5;6.5 Graphics Processing Unit;183
12.6;6.6 I/O;183
12.7;6.7 Analysis of System Throughput and Plumbing Diagram;184
13;CHAPTER SEVEN. BENCHMARKS AND PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT;190
13.1;7.1 LINPACK and LAPACK;190
13.2;7.2 Elementary Functions;194
13.3;7.3 The P3 Modifications for Improved Performance;196
13.4;7.4 The Eleven Rules of Supercomputer Design;200
14;APPENDIX A: THE TITAN BUS;204
14.1;A.1 Introduction;204
14.2;A.2 Write and Read Bus Transactions;207
14.3;A.3 Other Transaction Types;209
14.4;A.4 Error Detection and Handling;209
15;APPENDIX B: TITAN P2 SPECIFICATION SUMMARY;212
16;APPENDIX C: GLOSSARY OF TERMS;214
17;REFERENCES;218
18;INDEX;220