Sharma Biotechnological Approaches for Pest Management and Ecological Sustainability

1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-1-4200-8848-9
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 546 Seiten

Due to increasing problems occurring from massive applications of pesticides, such as insect resistance to pesticides, the use of biotechnological tools to minimize losses from insect pests has become inevitable. Presenting alternative strategies for alleviating biotic stresses, Biotechnological Approaches for Pest Management and Ecological Sustainability explores how the modern tools of biotechnology can be used in pest management for sustainable crop production, the biosafety of transgenic crops, and environmental conservation.

This comprehensive work covers a gamut of issues ranging from host plant resistance to insect pests to the application of molecular approaches for pest management. It discusses phenotyping transgenic plants, mapping populations for insect resistance, physico-chemical and molecular markers associated with insect resistance, the potential of insect-resistant transgenic crops for pest management, and the use of biotechnological tools for diagnosing insects and monitoring insect resistance to insecticides. The author examines how genetic engineering can be used to produce robust natural enemies and more virulent strains of entomopathogenic microbes. He also studies issues related to gene flow, resistance to transgenes and selection markers, the biosafety of food derived from genetically engineered plants, and the potential application of molecular tools for solving some of the intricate pest problems in the future.

Focusing on how to make the development and deployment of biotechnology-derived products for pest management safe and cost-effective, this book will enable readers to make informed decisions on genetically engineered organisms for pest management and sustainable crop production.

Zielgruppe

Biotechnology and pest management students, scientists, administrators, and research planners.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Sharma, Hari C

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Agrarwissenschaften Ackerbaukunde, Pflanzenbau Schädlingsbekämpfung

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Pest Management and the Environment
Pest Management Components
Integrated Pest Management
Is Genetic Engineering of Plants and Biocontrol Agents an Answer?
Applications of Biotechnology in Agriculture: The Prospects
The Genomics Revolution
Genetic Transformation
Genetic Improvement of Entomopathogenic Microorganisms
Genetic Improvement of Natural Enemies
Application of Biotechnology in Biosystematics and Diagnostics
Exploitation of Male Sterility and Apomixis
Evaluation of Transgenic Plants and Mapping Populations for Resistance to Insect Pests
Techniques to Screen for Resistance to Insects under Natural Infestation
Techniques to Screen for Resistance to Insects under Artificial Infestation
Bioassay of Transgenic Plants for Resistance to Insects
Phenotyping Mapping Populations for Resistance to Insects
Measurement of Host Plant Resistance to Insects
Selection Indices
Host Plant Resistance to Insects: Potential and Limitations
Identification and Utilization of Resistance
Wild Relatives of Crops as Sources of Resistance to Insects
Inducible Resistance
Factors Affecting Expression of Resistance to Insects
Influence of HPR on Pest Population Dynamics and Economic Injury Levels
Host Plant Resistance in Integrated Pest Management
Advantages of HPR
Limitations of HPR
Mechanisms and Inheritance of Resistance to Insect Pests
Mechanisms of Resistance to Insects
Breeding for Resistance to Insect Pests
Genetic Basis of Resistance
Genetics and Inheritance of Resistance to Insect Pests
Physico-Chemical and Molecular Markers for Resistance to Insect Pests
Mapping Populations
Physico-Chemical Markers Associated with Resistance to Insects
Molecular Markers
Molecular Markers Linked to Insect Resistance in Different Crops
Gene Synteny
Molecular Markers and Metabolic Pathways
The Transgenic Approach and Gene Pyramiding through MAS
Marker-Assisted versus Phenotypic Selection
Genetic Transformation of Crops for Resistance to Insect Pests
Genetic Transformation: The Protocols
Gene Expression
Genetic Transformation of Crop Plants for Resistance to Insects
Inducible Resistance
Gene Pyramiding
Genetic Engineering of Entomopathogenic Microbes for Pest Management
Natural versus Engineered Microbes
Genetic Engineering of Microbes
Entomopathogenic Bacteria
Entomopathogenic Fungi
Entomopathogenic Protozoa
Entomopathogenic Nematodes
Biosafety Considerations for Using Genetically Engineered Microbes

Genetic Engineering of Natural Enemies for Integrated Pest Management
Techniques for Genetic Engineering of Arthropods
Vectors for Genetic Engineering of Arthropods
Genetic Improvement of Beneficial Arthropods
Dominant Repressible Lethal Genetic System
Markers and Promoters
Environmental Release and Potential Risks
Deployment of Insect-Resistant Transgenic Crops for Pest Management: Potential and Limitations
Progress in Development of Insect-Resistant Transgenic Crops
Deployment of Transgenic Plants for Pest Management
Advantages and Limitations of Insect-Resistant Transgenic Crops
Transgenic Resistance to Insects: Interactions with Non-Target Organisms
Bt Sprays, Transgenic Plants, and Non-Target Organisms
Interaction of Transgenic Crops with Non-Target Organisms: Protocols for Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Transgenic Plants
Influence of Transgenic Crops on Diversity of Non-Target Organisms
Influence of Transgenic Crops on Activity and Abundance of Pollinators
Interaction of Transgenic Crops with Predators
Interaction of Transgenic Crops with Parasitoids
Interactions of Transgenic Plants with Fauna and Flora in the Rhizosphere
Development of Resistance to Transgenic Plants and Strategies for Resistance Management
Factors Influencing Insect Susceptibility to Bt Toxins
Detection, Development, and Monitoring of Resistance
Mechanisms of Resistance
Genetics of Resistance
Strategies for Resistance Management
Simulation Models for Resistance Management
Transgenic Resistance to Insects: Gene Flow
Role of Pollinators in Gene Flow
Role of Viruses in Gene Flow
Gene Flow into the Wild Relatives of Crops: Vertical Gene Flow
Development of Resistance to Antibiotics: Horizontal Gene Flow
Gene Flow, Selection Pressure, and Enhanced Fitness of Herbivores
Gene Flow and Genetic Purity of Crops
Gene Flow and the Centers of Genetic Diversity
Gene Flow and Aquatic Environments
Management of Gene Flow
Transgenic Resistance to Insects: Nature of Risk and Risk Management
Assessment of Risk to Agriculture
Assessment of Nature of Risk to the Environment
Risk Management
Biosafety of Food from Genetically Modified Crops
Biosafety Assessment of Food from Genetically Modified Crops
Toxicological Effects and Metabolism of the Transgene Products
DNA Transfer from Transgenic Food to Microorganisms/Humans
Allergenic Effects
Public Attitude to Food from Transgenic Plants
Role of the Scientific Community, NGOs, and the Media
Detection and Monitoring of Food and Food Products Derived from Genetically Modified Crops
Sampling for Detection of Genetically Modified Food
Detection of Genetically Modified Foods
Monitoring of Genetically Modified Food and Food Labeling
Molecular Markers for Diagnosis of Insect Pests and Their Natural Enemies
Molecular Tools for Diagnosis of Insect Pests
Application of Molecular Markers for Insect Diagnosis
Application of Molecular Markers for Studying Population Genetics
Application of Molecular Markers for Studying Social Behavior of Insects
Molecular Basis of Insect–Plant Interactions
Application of Molecular Markers to Understand Functional Genomics of Insects
Detection of Natural Enemy–Insect Host Interactions
Molecular Techniques for Developing New Insecticide Molecules and Monitoring Insect Resistance to Insecticides
Development of New Insecticide Molecules
Molecular Markers for Monitoring Insect Resistance to Insecticides

Biotechnology, Pest Management, and the Environment: The Future
Genetic Engineering of Crops for Resistance to Insect Pests
Genetic Improvement of Natural Enemies
Genetic Improvement of Entomopathogenic Microorganisms
Molecular Markers, Biosystematics, and Diagnostics
Development of New Insecticide Molecules and Monitoring Insect Resistance to Insecticides
Marker-Assisted Selection and the Genomics Revolution
Transgenic Crops and the Environment
Biosafety of Food from Transgenic Crops
Index