Sen MicroRNA in Regenerative Medicine

1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-0-12-405858-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 1288 Seiten

This work encapsulates the uses of miRNA across stem cells, developmental biology, tissue injury and tissue regeneration. In particular contributors provide focused coverage of methodologies, intervention and tissue engineering. Regulating virtually all biological processes, the genome's 1048 encoded microRNAs appear to hold considerable promise for the potential repair and regeneration of tissues and organs in future therapies. In this work, 50 experts address key topics of this fast-emerging field. Concisely summarizing and evaluating key findings emerging from fundamental research into translational application, they point to the current and future significance of clinical research in the miRNA area. Coverage encompasses all major aspects of fundamental stem cell and developmental biology, including the uses of miRNA across repair and regeneration, and special coverage of methodologies and interventions as they point towards organ and tissue engineering - Multi-colour text layout with 150 colour figures to illustrate important findings - Take home messages encapsulate key lessons throughout text - Short chapters offer focused discussion and clear 'voice'

Autoren/Hrsg.

Sen, Chandan K.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;MicroRNA in
Regenerative
Medicine;4
3;Copyright;5
4;Dedication;6
5;Contents;8
6;Contributors;38
7;Part 1 - Stem Cells;46
7.1;CHAPTER 1 MicroRNA Biogenesis in Regenerative Medicine;48
7.1.1;1.1 INTRODUCTION;50
7.1.2;1.2 MACRO IMPACT OF MIRNAS;53
7.1.3;1.3 MIRNA BIOGENESIS: DIFFERENT PATHS TO THE SAME DESTINATION;54
7.1.4;1.4 MECHANISMS OF MIRNA-INDUCED TRANSLATIONAL REPRESSION;60
7.1.5;1.5 MIRNA REGULATION;62
7.1.6;1.6 METHODS FOR MIRNA PROFILING;65
7.1.7;1.7 BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS OF MIRNAS;68
7.1.8;1.8 MIRNA APPLICATIONS IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE;72
7.1.9;1.9 MIRNAS AND STEM CELLS;73
7.1.10;1.10 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;79
7.1.11;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;80
7.1.12;ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS;81
7.1.13;REFERENCES;81
7.1.14;FURTHER READING;91
7.2;Chapter 2 - Control of Pluripotency and Reprogramming;92
7.2.1;2.1 INTRODUCTION;95
7.2.2;2.2 BASIC PROPERTIES OF STEM CELLS;95
7.2.3;2.3 PLURIPOTENCY;96
7.2.4;2.4 NUCLEAR REPROGRAMMING;107
7.2.5;2.5 CONCLUSIONS;110
7.2.6;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;112
7.2.7;ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS;112
7.2.8;REFERENCES;112
7.2.9;FURTHER READING;120
7.3;Chapter 3 - Epigenetic Modification of MicroRNAs;122
7.3.1;3.1 INTRODUCTION;125
7.3.2;OF A HEALTHY CELL;125
7.3.3;3.3 MIRNAS AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION;133
7.3.4;3.4 A GENERALIZED MODEL FOR EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF MIRNAS IN DETERMINING CELL FATE;142
7.3.5;3.5 EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE;143
7.3.6;3.6 EPIGENETIC MODIFYING DRUGS;145
7.3.7;3.7 THE CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF MIRNAS AND EPIGENETIC MODIFYING DRUGS;145
7.3.8;3.8 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;146
7.3.9;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;147
7.3.10;ABBREVIATIONS;148
7.3.11;REFERENCES;148
7.3.12;FURTHER READING;154
7.4;Chapter 4 - miRNAs in Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells;156
7.4.1;4.1 INTRODUCTION;156
7.4.2;4.2 MECHANISMS OF MSC CORRECTION;160
7.4.3;4.3 MIRNAS IN GENERAL AND IN WOUND HEALING;163
7.4.4;4.4 MSCS IN MIR-146A EXPRESSION: ATTENUATION OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN DIABETIC WOUNDS;168
7.4.5;4.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;174
7.4.6;Chapter Questions;175
7.4.7;REFERENCES;176
7.5;Chapter 5 - miRNAs in Cancer Stem Cells;182
7.5.1;5.1 INTRODUCTION;183
7.5.2;5.2 MIRNA REGULATION OF NORMAL STEM CELLS;187
7.5.3;5.3 MIRNA REGULATION OF CANCER STEM CELLS;191
7.5.4;5.4 REGULATION OF MIRNAS TO INHIBIT CANCER STEM CELLS;196
7.5.5;5.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;199
7.5.6;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;201
7.5.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;201
7.5.8;REFERENCES;202
7.5.9;FURTHER READING;206
7.6;Chapter 6 - MicroRNAs in Neural Stem Cells;208
7.6.1;GLOSSARY;208
7.6.2;6.1 INTRODUCTION;209
7.6.3;6.2 FIRST INSIGHTS: DICER-KNOCKOUT MICE;210
7.6.4;6.3 MIRNA CONTROL OF NSC STATUS AND PROGRESSION ALONG DIFFERENTIATION;212
7.6.5;6.4 MIRNAS AS NEURONAL FATE DETERMINANTS;217
7.6.6;6.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;220
7.6.7;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;221
7.6.8;REFERENCES;222
7.6.9;ONLINE RESOURCES;226
7.6.10;FURTHER READING;227
7.7;Chapter 7 - MicroRNAs in Embryonic Stem Cells;228
7.7.1;GLOSSARY;229
7.7.2;7.1 INTRODUCTION;229
7.7.3;7.2 STEM CELLS AND PLURIPOTENCY;233
7.7.4;7.3 MIRNAS IN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS;237
7.7.5;7.4 THE ROLE OF MIRNAS IN CELLULAR REPROGRAMMING;246
7.7.6;7.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;248
7.7.7;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;249
7.7.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;250
7.7.9;REFERENCES;251
7.7.10;FURTHER READING;256
7.7.11;Seminal Articles;256
7.7.12;Reviews;257
7.8;Chapter 8 - MicroRNAs in Normal and Malignant Myelopoiesis;258
7.8.1;8.1 INTRODUCTION;259
7.8.2;8.2 MIRNAS IN HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS AND LINEAGE-COMMITTED PROGENITOR CELLS;261
7.8.3;8.3 CRITICAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS CONTROL MIRNAS IN MYELOPOIESIS;263
7.8.4;8.4 MIRNA FUNCTIONS IN MATURE MYELOID CELLS;266
7.8.5;8.5 MIRNAS IN MALIGNANT MYELOPOIESIS;268
7.8.6;8.6 ABERRANT MIRNA BIOGENESIS IN AML;270
7.8.7;8.7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;271
7.8.8;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;273
7.8.9;REFERENCES;274
7.8.10;ONLINE RESOURCES;281
7.8.11;FURTHER READING;281
7.8.12;Normal and Malignant Hematology;281
7.8.13;RNA and RNA Interfering;281
7.8.14;miRNAs in Myeloid Biology;281
7.9;Chapter 9 - MicroRNA-Mediated Translational Control in Stem Cells: Self-Renewal and Therapeutic Implications;282
7.9.1;GLOSSARY;283
7.9.2;9.1 INTRODUCTION;283
7.9.3;9.2 STEM CELLS;283
7.9.4;9.3 FACTORS ESSENTIAL FOR MAINTENANCE OF STEM CELL SELF-RENEWAL;287
7.9.5;9.4 MIRNA BIOGENESIS AND MODE OF ACTION;293
7.9.6;9.5 INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS AND MIRNAS;297
7.9.7;9.6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;299
7.9.8;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;299
7.9.9;REFERENCES;300
7.9.10;ONLINE RESOURCES;304
7.10;Chapter 10 - MicroRNAs in Endothelial Progenitor Cells;306
7.10.1;GLOSSARY;307
7.10.2;10.1 INTRODUCTION;307
7.10.3;10.2 EPCS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES;308
7.10.4;10.3 EPCS AND ANGIOGENESIS-BASED TISSUE REPAIR;310
7.10.5;10.4 EPCS IN TUMOR ANGIOGENESIS;311
7.10.6;10.5 CONTROVERSY IN IDENTIFICATION OF EPCS;312
7.10.7;10.6 MIRNA PROFILES IN EPCS;313
7.10.8;10.7 REGULATION OF MIRNAS IN EPCS IN DISEASES;317
7.10.9;10.8 TARGETING MIRNAS IN EPC THERAPY;321
7.10.10;10.9 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;324
7.10.11;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;325
7.10.12;REFERENCES;326
7.10.13;ONLINE RESOURCES;329
7.10.14;FURTHER READING;329
8;Part 2 - Development;330
8.1;Chapter 11 - MicroRNA Function in Muscle Homeostasis and Regenerative Medicine;332
8.1.1;11.1 INTRODUCTION;333
8.1.2;11.2 BONE DEVELOPMENT AND REMODELING;334
8.1.3;11.3 SKELETAL MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION;336
8.1.4;11.4 MICRORNAS IN DIFFERENTIATION AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE;337
8.1.5;11.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;347
8.1.6;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;348
8.1.7;REFERENCES;349
8.2;Chapter 12 - MicroRNAs in Skin Fibrosis;356
8.2.1;12.1 INTRODUCTION;357
8.2.2;12.2 MIRNA REGULATION OF SKIN FIBROSIS;360
8.2.3;12.3 CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF MIRNAS IN SKIN FIBROSIS;367
8.2.4;12.4 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;369
8.2.5;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;369
8.2.6;ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS;370
8.2.7;REFERENCES;370
8.3;Chapter 13 - MicroRNAs in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology;374
8.3.1;GLOSSARY;375
8.3.2;13.1 INTRODUCTION;375
8.3.3;13.2 INVOLVEMENT OF MIRNAS IN HSC BIOLOGY;379
8.3.4;13.3 MIRNA REGULATION OF HSC RESPONSES TO INFLAMMATORY STRESS;382
8.3.5;13.4 MIRNAS AND HEMATOPOIETIC DISEASES;384
8.3.6;13.5 TRANSLATIONAL ASPECTS OF HEMATOPOIETIC MIRNAS;386
8.3.7;13.6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;388
8.3.8;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;388
8.3.9;REFERENCES;389
8.3.10;FURTHER READING;393
8.4;Chapter 14 - miRNAs in Bone Formation and Homeostasis;394
8.4.1;GLOSSARY;395
8.4.2;14.1 INTRODUCTION;395
8.4.3;14.2 THE ROLE OF MIRNAS IN THE LIMB MESENCHYME;403
8.4.4;14.3 THE ROLE OF MIRNAS IN CHONDROCYTES;404
8.4.5;14.4 THE ROLE OF MIRNAS IN OSTEOBLASTS AND OSTEOPROGENITORS;408
8.4.6;14.5 THE ROLE OF MIRNAS IN OSTEOCLASTS;412
8.4.7;14.6 THE ROLE OF MIRNAS IN THE DIFFERENTIATION OF STEM CELLS;414
8.4.8;14.7 SKELETAL DISEASES AND MIRNAS;416
8.4.9;14.8 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;418
8.4.10;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;420
8.4.11;REFERENCES;420
8.4.12;ONLINE RESOURCES;425
8.4.13;FURTHER READING;425
8.5;Chapter 15 - Lung Development;426
8.5.1;Glossary;426
8.5.2;15.1 INTRODUCTION;427
8.5.3;15.2 MIRNAS AND LUNG DEVELOPMENT;430
8.5.4;15.3 MIRNAS AND LUNG DEVELOPMENTAL DISEASES;438
8.5.5;15.4 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;438
8.5.6;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;440
8.5.7;REFERENCES;441
8.5.8;ONLINE RESOURCE;444
8.5.9;FURTHER READING;444
8.6;Chapter 16 - MicroRNAs in Pancreas and Islet Development;446
8.6.1;GLOSSARY;446
8.6.2;16.1 INTRODUCTION;446
8.6.3;16.2 THE ROLE OF MIRNAS IN ADULT ISLET FUNCTION AND DIABETES;450
8.6.4;16.3 MIRNAS IN THE MOUSE AND HUMAN DEVELOPING PANCREAS;451
8.6.5;16.4 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;457
8.6.6;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;459
8.6.7;REFERENCES;460
8.6.8;ONLINE RESOURCES;463
8.6.9;FURTHER READING;463
8.7;Chapter 17 - MicroRNAs in Skeletal Muscle Differentiation;464
8.7.1;Glossary;465
8.7.2;17.1 INTRODUCTION;465
8.7.3;17.2 MYOMIRS;470
8.7.4;17.3 NONMUSCLE-SPECIFIC MIRNAS IN SKELETAL MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT;473
8.7.5;17.4 FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MIRNAS IN MOUSE MODELS;478
8.7.6;17.5 MIRNAS AND SKELETAL MUSCLE DISEASES;482
8.7.7;17.6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;485
8.7.8;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;485
8.7.9;REFERENCES;486
8.7.10;ONLINE RESOURCES;491
8.7.11;FURTHER READING;491
8.8;Chapter 18 - MicroRNAs in Brain Development;492
8.8.1;GLOSSARY;493
8.8.2;18.1 INTRODUCTION: FROM NEURAL PROGENITORS TO NEURAL NETWORKS;493
8.8.3;18.2 IMPLICATION OF MICRORNAS IN BRAIN DEVELOPMENT;503
8.8.4;18.3 MIRNA INVOLVEMENT IN THE STEPS OF BRAIN DEVELOPMENT;511
8.8.5;18.4 MIR-9 AND MIR-124: THE STARS OF THE FIELD;519
8.8.6;18.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;523
8.8.7;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;524
8.8.8;REFERENCES;526
8.8.9;FURTHER READING;533
8.9;Chapter 19 - MicroRNAs in the Retina and in Visual Connectivity;534
8.9.1;GLOSSARY;534
8.9.2;19.1 INTRODUCTION;535
8.9.3;19.2 GROSS ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE MAMMALIAN RETINA;536
8.9.4;19.3 DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAMMALIAN EYE;540
8.9.5;19.4 ESTABLISHMENT OF VISUAL CONNECTIVITY;541
8.9.6;19.5 MIRNA EXPRESSION IN THE RETINA;542
8.9.7;19.6 MIRNAS AS A PROSPECTIVE TOOL IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE FOR RETINAL DISEASE;550
8.9.8;19.7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;553
8.9.9;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;555
8.9.10;REFERENCES;556
8.9.11;ONLINE RESOURCES;559
8.9.12;FURTHER READING;559
8.10;Chapter 20 - MicroRNAs in Neural Crest Development;560
8.10.1;GLOSSARY;561
8.10.2;20.1 INTRODUCTION;561
8.10.3;20.2 NEURAL CREST DEVELOPMENT;566
8.10.4;20.3 MIRNAS IN NEURAL CREST DEVELOPMENT;569
8.10.5;20.4 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;575
8.10.6;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;578
8.10.7;REFERENCES;578
8.10.8;ONLINE RESOURCES;583
8.10.9;FURTHER READING;583
8.11;Chapter 21 - Adipogenesis and Obesity;584
8.11.1;GLOSSARY;585
8.11.2;21.1 ADIPOSE TISSUE;585
8.11.3;21.2 ADIPOGENESIS;587
8.11.4;21.3 OBESITY;590
8.11.5;21.4 MIRNA REGULATION OF ADIPOGENESIS;591
8.11.6;21.5 MIRNAS IN OBESITY;597
8.11.7;21.6 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE MIRNA EXPRESSION IN ADIPOSE TISSUE;600
8.11.8;21.7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;604
8.11.9;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;606
8.11.10;REFERENCES;607
8.11.11;ONLINE RESOURCES;609
8.11.12;FURTHER READING;610
9;Part 3 - Repair;612
9.1;Chapter 22 - MicroRNAs with Mega Functions in Cardiac Remodeling and Repair: The Micromanagement of Matters of the Heart;614
9.1.1;GLOSSARY;615
9.1.2;22.1 INTRODUCTION;615
9.1.3;22.2 MIRNAS IN CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION;618
9.1.4;22.3 MIRNAS IN CARDIAC REMODELING;620
9.1.5;22.4 MODULATION OF MIRNA EXPRESSION TO LIMIT REMODELING AND FOR MYOCARDIAL REPAIR;626
9.1.6;22.5 MIRNAS IN CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION;633
9.1.7;22.6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;635
9.1.8;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;636
9.1.9;REFERENCES;637
9.1.10;ONLINE RESOURCES;645
9.1.11;FURTHER READING;645
9.2;Chapter 23 - MicroRNAs in Vascular Remodeling and Repair;646
9.2.1;23.1 INTRODUCTION;647
9.2.2;23.2 MIRNAS IN VASCULAR REMODELING;653
9.2.3;23.3 MIRNAS IN TISSUE REGENERATION;658
9.2.4;23.4 MIRNAS IN REGENERATIVE CELL THERAPY;661
9.2.5;23.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;667
9.2.6;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;668
9.2.7;REFERENCES;669
9.2.8;ONLINE RESOURCES;674
9.2.9;FURTHER READING;674
9.3;Chapter 24 - Skin Wound Healing;676
9.3.1;24.1 INTRODUCTION;677
9.3.2;24.2 ANATOMY OF THE SKIN;678
9.3.3;24.3 THE WOUND-HEALING CASCADE;680
9.3.4;24.4 EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF WOUND HEALING;683
9.3.5;24.5 MICRORNAS—REGULATORS OF GENE EXPRESSION;684
9.3.6;24.6 MIRNAS IN THE PHASES OF WOUND HEALING;686
9.3.7;24.7 MIRNA-BASED THERAPEUTICS;689
9.3.8;24.8 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;691
9.3.9;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;691
9.3.10;REFERENCES;693
9.4;Chapter 25 - miRNAs in Bone Repair;698
9.4.1;25.1 INTRODUCTION;699
9.4.2;25.2 BONE REMODELING AND BONE REPAIR;704
9.4.3;25.3 MIRNAS IN FRACTURE REPAIR;707
9.4.4;25.4 MIRNAS IN OSTEOBLASTS;709
9.4.5;25.5 MIRNAS IN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS;716
9.4.6;25.6 MIRNAS IN OSTEOCLASTS;719
9.4.7;25.7 CHALLENGES FOR MIRNA-BASED THERAPEUTICS IN BONE REPAIR;721
9.4.8;25.8 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;722
9.4.9;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;723
9.4.10;REFERENCES;724
9.4.11;ONLINE RESOURCES;728
9.4.12;FURTHER READING;728
9.5;Chapter 26 - MicroRNAs as Future Therapeutic Targets for Spinal Cord Injury;730
9.5.1;26.1 INTRODUCTION;731
9.5.2;26.2 THE LACK OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM REGENERATION IN PRIMATES;731
9.5.3;26.3 MIRNA INVOLVEMENT IN SPINAL CORD DEVELOPMENT AND FOLLOWING SPINAL CORD INJURY;735
9.5.4;26.4 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;745
9.5.5;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;748
9.5.6;REFERENCES;749
9.5.7;Online Resources;755
9.5.8;FURTHER READING;755
9.6;Chapter 27 - MicroRNA Regulation of Angiogenesis;756
9.6.1;GLOSSARY;756
9.6.2;27.1 INTRODUCTION;757
9.6.3;27.2 ANGIOGENESIS VERSUS VASCULOGENESIS;757
9.6.4;27.3 MICRORNAS;760
9.6.5;27.4 THE ROLE OF MIRNAS IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS;762
9.6.6;27.5 TRANSLATION FROM BENCH TO CLINIC;773
9.6.7;27.6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;777
9.6.8;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;778
9.6.9;REFERENCES;779
9.6.10;FURTHER READING;782
9.7;Chapter 28 - Micromanaging Inflammation and Tissue Repair;784
9.7.1;GLOSSARY;784
9.7.2;28.1 INTRODUCTION;785
9.7.3;28.2 MIRNAS IN INFLAMMATION CONTROL;786
9.7.4;28.3 MIRNA CONTROL OF INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS;792
9.7.5;28.4 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;796
9.7.6;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;796
9.7.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;797
9.7.8;REFERENCES;797
9.7.9;ONLINE RESOURCES;801
9.7.10;FURTHER READING;801
9.8;Chapter 29 - MicroRNA Regulation of mTOR Function;802
9.8.1;GLOSSARY;803
9.8.2;29.1 INTRODUCTION;803
9.8.3;29.2 THE MTOR PROTEIN;804
9.8.4;29.3 MTOR IN CANCER;806
9.8.5;29.4 MTOR IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM;808
9.8.6;29.5 MECHANISMS OF MTOR REGULATION;810
9.8.7;29.6 MIRNA REGULATION OF MTOR FUNCTION;817
9.8.8;MTOR-MEDIATED NS REGENERATION;827
9.8.9;29.8 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;828
9.8.10;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;829
9.8.11;REFERENCES;831
9.8.12;ONLINE RESOURCES;834
9.8.13;FURTHER READING;835
9.9;Chapter 30 - OxymiRs in Regenerative Medicine;836
9.9.1;30.1 INTRODUCTION;837
9.9.2;30.2 OXYMIRS IN DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY;840
9.9.3;30.3 OXYMIRS IN WOUND HEALING;844
9.9.4;30.4 OXYMIRS IN STEM CELL REGENERATION;847
9.9.5;30.5 OXYMIRS IN TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE;850
9.9.6;30.6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;853
9.9.7;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;853
9.9.8;ABBREVIATIONS;854
9.9.9;References;855
9.9.10;FURTHER READING;862
9.10;Chapter 31 - MicroRNAs and Exosomes in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy;864
9.10.1;GLOSSARY;865
9.10.2;31.1 INTRODUCTION;865
9.10.3;31.2 MIRNA BIOGENESIS;865
9.10.4;31.3 EXOSOME BIOGENESIS;866
9.10.5;31.4 EXOSOMES IN MIRNA BIOGENESIS;867
9.10.6;31.5 THE LINK BETWEEN EXOSOMES AND MIRNA EXPRESSION PATTERNS;867
9.10.7;31.6 THE LINK BETWEEN EXOSOMES AND MIRNA BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO CANCER;870
9.10.8;31.7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;875
9.10.9;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;876
9.10.10;REFERENCES;876
9.10.11;ONLINE RESOURCES;879
9.10.12;FURTHER READING;879
9.11;Chapter 32 - Organ Transplantation and MicroRNA Expression;880
9.11.1;32.1 INTRODUCTION;881
9.11.2;32.2 COMPONENTS OF SUCCESSFUL TRANSPLANTATION;881
9.11.3;32.3 ALLOGRAFT REJECTION;884
9.11.4;32.4 ALLOGRAFT TOLERANCE;885
9.11.5;32.5 NONIMMUNOLOGIC ALLOGRAFT INJURY;886
9.11.6;32.6 MIRNAS AS EFFECTIVE BIOMARKERS;887
9.11.7;32.7 THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF MIRNA MODULATION;888
9.11.8;32.8 EXAMPLES OF MIRNAS IMPLICATED IN SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION;889
9.11.9;32.9 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;901
9.11.10;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;903
9.11.11;REFERENCES;904
9.11.12;ONLINE RESOURCES;907
9.11.13;FURTHER READING;907
10;Part 4 - Regeneration;908
10.1;Chapter 33 - MicroRNAs in the Control of Neurogenesis in the Developing Cerebral Cortex;910
10.1.1;GLOSSARY;911
10.1.2;33.1 INTRODUCTION;911
10.1.3;33.2 MATURE MIRNAS IN CORTICAL NEUROGENESIS;917
10.1.4;33.3 SPECIFIC MIRNAS IN THE FINE-TUNING OF CORTICAL NEUROGENESIS;923
10.1.5;33.4 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS;930
10.1.6;Chapter Questions;931
10.1.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;932
10.1.8;REFERENCES;932
10.1.9;ONLINE RESOURCES;936
10.2;Chapter 34 - miRNAs in Transitions: EMT, MET, and EndoMT;938
10.2.1;GLOSSARY;939
10.2.2;34.1 INTRODUCTION;939
10.2.3;34.2 MIRNAS IN EMT, MET, AND ENDOMT;945
10.2.4;34.3 EMT-REGULATING MIRNAS;945
10.2.5;34.4 ENDOMT-REGULATING MIRNAS;951
10.2.6;34.5 MET IN SOMATIC REPROGRAMMING;952
10.2.7;34.6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;955
10.2.8;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;956
10.2.9;REFERENCES;957
10.2.10;FURTHER READING;960
10.3;Chapter 35 - MicroRNAs in Cardiac Regeneration;962
10.3.1;GLOSSARY;963
10.3.2;35.1 INTRODUCTION;963
10.3.3;35.2 CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN CARDIAC REGENERATION;964
10.3.4;35.3 TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION IN CARDIAC REGENERATION;968
10.3.5;35.4 MICRORNAS IN CARDIAC REGENERATION;969
10.3.6;35.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;981
10.3.7;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;984
10.3.8;REFERENCES;984
10.3.9;FURTHER READING;987
10.4;Chapter 36 - MicroRNAs in Liver Regeneration;988
10.4.1;GLOSSARY;989
10.4.2;36.1 INTRODUCTION;989
10.4.3;36.2 DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION OF MICRORNAS DURING LIVER REGENERATION;992
10.4.4;36.3 MIRNA DELIVERY;1000
10.4.5;36.4 MIRNAS IN THE TREATMENT OF LIVER DISEASES;1002
10.4.6;36.5 DIFFICULTIES IN STUDYING MIRNAS IN LIVER REGENERATION;1003
10.4.7;36.6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;1003
10.4.8;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;1004
10.4.9;REFERENCES;1005
10.4.10;ONLINE RESOURCES;1010
11;Part 5 - Methodology;1012
11.1;Chapter 37 - MicroRNA Technology and Small-Molecule Delivery;1014
11.1.1;GLOSSARY;1014
11.1.2;37.1 INTRODUCTION;1015
11.1.3;37.2 MECHANISMS OF RNAI IN PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY;1019
11.1.4;37.3 THERAPEUTIC DELIVERY OF RNAI;1020
11.1.5;37.4 MIRNA-BASED ADENOSINE AUGMENTATION IN EPILEPSY;1024
11.1.6;37.5 SAFETY CONCERNS;1026
11.1.7;37.6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;1026
11.1.8;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;1028
11.1.9;REFERENCES;1029
12;Part 6 - Intervention;1034
12.1;Chapter 38 - Drug–MicroRNA Cross-Talk;1036
12.1.1;38.1 INTRODUCTION;1037
12.1.2;38.2 MIRNAS AND THEIR IMPACT ON DRUG METABOLISM;1042
12.1.3;38.3 MIRNAS AS DRUGS;1055
12.1.4;38.4 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;1056
12.1.5;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;1057
12.1.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;1058
12.1.7;REFERENCES;1058
12.2;Chapter 39 - Delivery and Biological Activity of Therapeutic miRNAs and miRNA Modifiers;1062
12.2.1;39.1 INTRODUCTION;1063
12.2.2;39.2 ALTERING MIRNA FUNCTIONS AS A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH;1064
12.2.3;39.3 BIOMOLECULES FOR MIRNA THERAPEUTICS;1069
12.2.4;39.4 PHYSICAL APPROACHES FOR MIRNA DELIVERY;1069
12.2.5;39.5 VECTOR-BASED MIRNA DELIVERY AND EXPRESSION;1070
12.2.6;39.6 NONVIRAL DELIVERY;1071
12.2.7;39.7 CHEMICAL MODIFICATIONS OF ANTI-MIRNAS OR MIRNA-MIMICKING MOLECULES;1073
12.2.8;39.8 SELECTED EXAMPLES OF MIRNA REPLACEMENT THERAPEUTICS;1076
12.2.9;39.9 SELECTED EXAMPLES OF MIRNA-TARGETING THERAPEUTICS;1078
12.2.10;39.10 A NOVEL FRONTIER: MIRNA REPLACEMENT AND MIRNA TARGETING FOR IPSC PRODUCTION;1081
12.2.11;39.11 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;1084
12.2.12;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;1084
12.2.13;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;1085
12.2.14;REFERENCES;1085
12.2.15;ONLINE RESOURCES;1092
12.2.16;FURTHER READING;1092
12.3;Chapter 40 - RNA-Based Therapies for Bone Diseases;1094
12.3.1;40.2 THE CELLS AND MECHANISMS OF BONE METABOLISM;1096
12.3.2;40.3 MIRNAS: FROM DISCOVERY TO MODERN EXPERIMENTS;1100
12.3.3;40.4 MIRNAS IN SKELETON PATTERNING: OSTEOBLASTS AND OSTEOCLASTS IN BONE, AND CHONDROCYTES IN CARTILAGE;1105
12.3.4;40.5 MIRNAS AND DISEASES;1110
12.3.5;40.6 NEW FRONTIERS: INTERACTION BETWEEN MIRNAS AND BIOMATERIALS;1111
12.3.6;40.7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;1112
12.3.7;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;1113
12.3.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;1114
12.3.9;REFERENCES;1114
12.4;Chapter 41 - MicroRNA-Mediated Regulation of Cardiovascular Differentiation and Therapeutic Implications;1120
12.4.1;41.1 INTRODUCTION;1121
12.4.2;41.2 MIRNAS AND STEM CELL DIFFERENTIATION INTO CARDIOVASCULAR CELLS;1122
12.4.3;41.3 MIRNAS AND PARACRINE MECHANISMS THAT AFFECT CARDIAC WOUND HEALING;1125
12.4.4;41.4 MYOCARDIAL REGENERATION WITH MIRNA-MODULATED STEM CELLS;1128
12.4.5;41.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;1131
12.4.6;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;1131
12.4.7;REFERENCES;1132
12.4.8;FURTHER READING;1136
12.5;Chapter 42 - Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers;1138
12.5.1;42.1 INTRODUCTION;1139
12.5.2;42.2 EVALUATING CIRCULATING MIRNA EXPRESSION;1142
12.5.3;42.3 CIRCULATING MIRNAS IN LUNG DISEASE;1143
12.5.4;42.4 CIRCULATING MIRNAS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES;1149
12.5.5;42.5 EXTRACELLULAR MIRNAS IN SEPSIS THE ICU AND VIRAL DISEASES;1152
12.5.6;42.6 BEYOND BIOMARKERS;1155
12.5.7;42.7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;1161
12.5.8;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;1162
12.5.9;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;1163
12.5.10;REFERENCES;1163
12.5.11;ONLINE RESOURCES;1169
12.5.12;FURTHER READING;1170
13;Part 7 - Tissue Engineering;1172
13.1;Chapter 43 - Nuclear Architecture and Transcriptional Regulation of MicroRNAs;1174
13.1.1;GLOSSARY;1175
13.1.2;43.1 INTRODUCTION;1175
13.1.3;43.2 HIGHER-ORDER DNA STRUCTURE;1176
13.1.4;43.3 NUCLEAR ORGANIZATION;1177
13.1.5;43.4 GENE REGULATORY ELEMENTS;1182
13.1.6;43.5 DNA-DEPENDENT RNA TRANSCRIPTION;1184
13.1.7;43.6 NONCODING RNA;1188
13.1.8;43.7 MICRORNAS;1188
13.1.9;43.8 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;1198
13.1.10;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;1200
13.1.11;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;1200
13.1.12;REFERENCES;1201
13.1.13;FURTHER READING;1203
13.2;Chapter 44 - MicroRNAs in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine;1204
13.2.1;44.1 INTRODUCTION;1205
13.2.2;44.2 MIRNA BIOGENESIS AND FUNCTION;1205
13.2.3;44.3 METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING MIRNA–MRNA INTERACTIONS;1215
13.2.4;44.4 MIRNAS IN CELL AND TISSUE DEVELOPMENT;1219
13.2.5;AND TISSUE ENGINEERING;1225
13.2.6;44.6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;1232
13.2.7;CHAPTER QUESTIONS;1233
13.2.8;REFERENCES;1233
14;Glossary;1246
15;Index;1274
15.1;A;1274
15.2;B;1275
15.3;C;1277
15.4;D;1280
15.5;E;1281
15.6;F;1283
15.7;G;1283
15.8;H;1284
15.9;I;1286
15.10;J;1287
15.11;K;1287
15.12;L;1287
15.13;M;1288
15.14;N;1294
15.15;O;1295
15.16;P;1296
15.17;R;1298
15.18;S;1300
15.19;T;1302
15.20;U;1303
15.21;V;1303
15.22;W;1304
15.23;X;1304
15.24;Y;1304
15.25;Z;1304

Leseproben

Contributors
Aamir Ahmad,     Departments of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA Mir Farshid Alemdehy,     Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Tyler Anderson,     Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA Hamdy Awad,     Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA Asha Balakrishnan,     Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Germany Mumtaz Yaseen Balkhi Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus Division of Surgical Research, Boston University School of Medicine Roger Williams Medical Center, USA Laure Bally-Cuif,     Team Zebrafish Neurogenetics, A. Fessard Institute of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Development, France Jaideep Banerjee,     Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell-Based Therapies, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA Bin Bao,     Departments of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA Christopher Taylor Barry,     Division of Solid Organ Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Rochester, USA Christophe Beclin,     Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, France Detlev Boison,     Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, USA Andreas Bosio,     Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Germany Maria Luisa Brandi,     Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Italy Melissa Brown,     Molecular Genetics Program, College of Arts and Science, The Ohio State University, USA George A. Calin,     Department of Experimental Therapeutics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas at Houston Health Science Center, USA Yang Cao,     Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , The People’s Republic of China Maurizio C. Capogrossi,     Laboratorio di Patologia Vascolare, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata-IRCCS, Italy Andrea Caporali,     Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK Christian Carulli,     Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Italy Yuk Cheung Chan,     Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, The People’s Republic of China Pavithra L. Chavali,     Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, UK Sreenivas Chavali,     Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK Alex F. Chen,     Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, USA Xiaona Chen,     Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The People’s Republic of China Charles Cook,     Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA Marion Coolen,     Team Zebrafish Neurogenetics, A. Fessard Institute of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Development, France Harold Cremer,     Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, France Catherine Czeisler,     Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell-Based Therapies, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA Duaa Dakhlallah,     Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA Amitava Das,     Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell-Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA Anne M. Delany,     Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, USA Dasa Dolezalova Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Juan Domínguez-Bendala,     Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA Costanza Emanueli,     Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK Stefan J. Erkeland,     Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Michael Ezzie,     Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA Pasquale Fasanaro,     Laboratorio di Patologia Vascolare, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata-IRCCS, Italy Ariana Foinquinos,     Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany Tiziana Franceschetti,     Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, USA Roberto Gambari,     Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Italy Shazia Ahmad,     Boston University Medical Center, Boston, USA Subhadip Ghatak,     Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell-Based Therapies, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA Le Luo Guan,     Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, USA Denis C. Guttridge Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA Patrick Edwin Gygli,     Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell-Based Therapies, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA Khawaja H. Haider,     Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, USA Aleš Hampl Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic Martin C. Harmsen,     University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine Research Group (CAVAREM), The Netherlands Yoshinori Hasegawa,     Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan Robert Hindges,     MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King’s College, UK Myron Hinsdale,     Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, USA John D. Houlé,     Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Spinal Cord Research Center, Drexel University College of Medicine, USA Lynsey Howard,     Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK Derryn Xin Hui Chan,     Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Shunsuke Ichi,     Department of Neurosurgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan Massimo Innocenti,     Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine,...