Sanders From Adapa to Enoch

Scribal Culture and Religious Vision in Judea and Babylon
1. Auflage 2017
ISBN: 978-3-16-154727-0
Verlag: Mohr Siebeck
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, Band 167, 294 Seiten, Format (B × H): 232 mm x 155 mm

Reihe: Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism

Seth L. Sanders offers a history of first-millennium scribes through their heavenly journeys and heroes, treating the visions of ancient Mesopotamian and Judean literature as pragmatic things made by people. He presents each scribal culture as an individual institution via detailed evidence for how visionary figures were used over time. The author also provides the first comprehensive survey of direct evidence for contact between Babylonian, Hebrew, and Aramaic scribal cultures, when and how they came to share key features. Rather than irrecoverable religious experience, he shows how ideal scribal "selves" were made available through rituals documented in texts and institutions that made these roles durable. He examines how these texts and selves worked together to create religious literature as the world came to be known differently: a historical ontology of first-millennium scribal cultures. The result is as much a history of science as a history of mysticism, providing insight into how knowledge of the universe was created in ancient times.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Sanders, Seth L.

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Jüdische Studien Jüdische Studien Heilige & Traditionstexte: Torah, Talmud, Mischna, Halacha
• Geisteswissenschaften Geschichtswissenschaft Alte Geschichte & Archäologie Biblische Geschichte & Archäologie
• Geisteswissenschaften Geschichtswissenschaft Geschichtliche Themen Kultur- und Ideengeschichte
• Geisteswissenschaften Geschichtswissenschaft Geschichtswissenschaft Allgemein Historiographie
• Geisteswissenschaften Jüdische Studien Geschichte des Judentums Geschichte des Judentums: Biblische & Klassische Periode

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;Preface;6
3;Acknowledgements;9
4;Contents;12
5;Introduction;16
5.1;I. Two Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Scribal Cultures and their Heroes;18
5.1.1;1. Studies of Scribal Cultures and Techniques;18
5.1.2;2. Heavenly Sages and the History-of-Traditions Approach;25
5.1.3;3. Heavenly Sages in the Twenty-First Century: Towards Scribal Cultures in Historical Context;35
5.2;II. Ideologies of Continuity and Reinvention;36
5.2.1;1. Overview of the Book’s Arguments;39
6;Chapter 1: Heavenly Sages and the Mesopotamian Scribal Ideology of Continuity;42
6.1;I. The Ascents of Kings;43
6.1.1;1. The Figure of Etana;43
6.1.2;2. The Ascent of the King in the Ur III and Isin Periods (c. twenty-first century bce);50
6.2;II. The Ascent of the God Dumuzi;52
6.3;III. The Ascent of the Sage;53
6.3.1;1. The Figure of Adapa;53
6.3.2;2. The Earliest Rituals and Myths about Adapa (Old Babylonian Period c. 1800–1600 bce);54
6.3.3;3. The Myth of Adapa and the South Wind;56
6.3.4;4. The Use of Adapa by First-Millennium Kings;59
6.3.5;5. Adapa in Catalogues and Letters;65
6.3.6;6. Adapa in Incantations;66
6.3.7;7. Adapa in Scholarly Lists: Scribal Accounts of History, Geography, and the Divine Realm;72
6.3.8;8. Adapa in Myth;76
6.4;IV. A History of Adapa and the Apkall?;81
6.5;V. Conclusion;83
7;Chapter 2: “I Am Adapa!” The Divine Personae of Mesopotamian Scribes;86
7.1;I. Identification with Adapa and the Apkall? in Written Ritual;87
7.2;II. Our Problem with Presence;90
7.3;III. An Ancient Mesopotamian Ontology;93
7.4;IV. Persona: The Authenticity of the Exorcist’s Ritual Mask;98
7.5;V. How the Diviner Meets the Gods;104
7.5.1;1. The King as Diviner, the Diviner as King;109
7.5.2;2. The Location and Accessibility of the Divine Assembly;110
7.6;VI. Shared Cosmic Roles and Locations in Mesopotamian Ritual;112
7.7;VII. Conclusion;113
8;Chapter 3: Ezekiel’s Hand of the Lord : Judahite Scribal Reinventions of Heavenly Vision;118
8.1;I. Prophetic Vision as Language;119
8.2;II. Throne Visions and Problems of Knowledge;122
8.3;III. Ezekiel’s Word of the Lord: Writing as the Reader’s Loss of Prophetic Experience;126
8.4;IV. The Hand of the Lord: A Scribal Pragmatics of Divine Action;132
8.5;V. The Word of the Lord is Not Enough: From Experience to Measurement;137
8.6;VI. Conclusion;141
9;Chapter 4: Enoch’s Knowledge and the Rise of Apocalyptic Science;144
9.1;I. “Apocalyptic Science”? The Novelty of Ancient Judean Exact Knowledge;145
9.2;II. The Roots of Early Jewish Science in Priestly Categories and Language;153
9.3;III. How Enoch Knew: The Creation of New Scientific Genres in Second Temple Judaism;157
9.4;IV. Conclusion: Gaining Enoch’s Knowledge;164
10;Chapter Five: Aramaic Scholarship and Cultural Transmission : From Public Power to Secret Knowledge;168
10.1;I. Mesopotamian and Jewish Literatures Versus Babylonian and Aramaic Scribal Cultures;168
10.2;II. What Was Aramaic and Who Were Aramaic Scribes?;169
10.3;III. The Initial Pattern: Empirical Evidence for the West Semitic Adaptation of Mesopotamian Texts in Judah;171
10.3.1;1. From Public Power to Secret Knowledge;173
10.3.2;2. The Attitudes of Aramaic Scribes toward Their Material and Structural Parallels with the Attitudes of Mesopotamian Scribes;174
10.3.3;3. An Example of an Uncertain Case of Aramaic Scribes’ Transformation of Inherited Material;176
10.4;IV. The Broader Picture : Known Transformations of Mesopotamian Genres into West Semitic;177
10.4.1;1. Method;178
10.4.1.1;a. The Late Bronze Age: Direct Contact and Influence in an Ugaritic Vassal Tribute Agreement Modeled on Akkadian;181
10.4.1.2;b. The Ninth Century bce: Direct Contact and Mutual Influence in an Akkadian-Aramaic Bilingual from Anatolia;182
10.4.1.3;c. Tenth–Eighth Centuries bce: A Shared Discourse Between Luwian, Akkadian, and Phoenician Monuments for Aramean Kings in Anatolia;184
10.4.1.4;d. Eight–Seventh Centuries bce: Direct Contact and Restricted Aramaic Influence in Oath Rituals in Assyria, Syria, Anatolia and Judah;186
10.4.1.5;e. Cuneiform Legal Discourse in Biblical Law: The Covenant Code;194
10.4.1.6;f. The Assur Ostracon and the Aramaic Legal Tablets: Akkadian Influence and One-to-One Translation Techniques During the Neo- Assyrian Period;196
10.4.1.7;g. Persian Period: The Fifth-Century bce Copy of the Behistun Inscription at Elephantine;198
10.4.1.8;h. Persian Period: The Aramaic Legal Papyri from Elephantine and Wadi ed-Daliyeh;201
10.4.1.9;i. Aramaic Scholarship in Apocalyptic Literature: Astronomical Enoch and Aramaic Levi in the Hellenistic Period;203
10.5;V. The Means of Transmission;203
10.6;VI. Conclusion: The Nature of Aramaic Scribal Culture;210
11;Chapter 6: “Who is Like Me Among the Angels?” Judean Reinventions of the Scribal Persona;212
11.1;Introduction: Was Religious Experience an Ancient Judean Problem?;212
11.1.1;I. Discourse Versus Presence: A Modern Scholarly Dichotomy;215
11.1.2;II. Created and Commanded: An Ancient Judean Ontology;220
11.1.3;III. A Mask of Light;222
11.1.3.1; 1. “We are Turned into the Image We Reflect :” The Reflexive Role of Enlightened One;227
11.1.4;IV. Lucifer’s Ascent to Heaven;229
11.1.5;V. Being Reckoned Divine;233
11.1.6;VI. Bodies of Light: A Hellenistic Jewish Scribal Worldview;236
11.1.7;VII. Conclusion;239
12;Conclusion;242
12.1;I. From Adapa to Enoch;243
12.2;II. The Relationship Between Babylonian and Judean Scribal Cultures;244
12.2.1;1. From Instruments of Rule to Rules of the Universe;244
12.2.2;2. The Parchment Period;246
12.3;III. Scribal Metaphysics and the Creation of Revealed Literature;248
12.3.1;1. From Religious Experience to Apocalyptic Science;248
12.3.2;2. Writing and Revelation Before the Supernatural;250
13;Bibliography;252
14;General Index;286

Über Autor(innen)

Sanders, Seth L.
Born 1968; 1999 PhD from Johns Hopkins University; 2007-13 Assistant Professor of Religion, 2013-15 Associate Professor at Trinity College; since 2015 Professor of Religious Studies at University of California Davis; 2010-11 Fellow at NYU Institute for the Study of the Ancient World; 2015-16 NEH and Guggenheim Fellow.