Ross Functional Safety for Road Vehicles

New Challenges and Solutions for E-mobility and Automated Driving
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-3-319-33361-8
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 276 Seiten, eBook

This book highlights the current challenges for engineers involved in product development and the associated changes in procedure they make necessary. Methods for systematically analyzing the requirements for safety and security mechanisms are described using examples of how they are implemented in software and hardware, and how their effectiveness can be demonstrated in terms of functional and design safety are discussed.Given today's new E-mobility and automated driving approaches, new challenges are arising and further issues concerning 'Road Vehicle Safety' and 'Road Traffic Safety' have to be resolved. To address the growing complexity of vehicle functions, as well as the increasing need to accommodate interdisciplinary project teams, previous development approaches now have to be reconsidered, and system engineering approaches and proven management systems need to be supplemented or wholly redefined.The book presents a continuous system development process, starting with the basic requirements of quality management and continuing until the release of a vehicle and its components for road use. Attention is paid to the necessary definition of the respective development item, the threat-, hazard- and risk analysis, safety concepts and their relation to architecture development, while the book also addresses the aspects of product realization in mechanics, electronics and software as well as for subsequent testing, verification, integration and validation phases.In November 2011, requirements for the Functional Safety (FuSa) of road vehicles were first published in ISO 26262. The processes and methods described here are intended to show developers how vehicle systems can be implemented according to ISO 26262, so that their compliance with the relevant standards can be demonstrated as part of a safety case, including audits, reviews and assessments.

Hans-Leo Ross graduated as an engineer from the University of Paderborn. For 'Preussag-Noell-LGA Gastechnik' he planned and realized safety relevant plants and systems for the oil and gas industry as well as for offshore chemical plants. He also worked for 'HIMA Paul Hildebrandt' where his responsibilities covered the distribution of safety-related control systems in Great Britain and North and Eastern Europe before he became Head of Product Management.
He has been working for Continental Automotive since 2004 where and was responsible for the introduction of functional safety and the coordination of the entire overall safety activities of the company. He has also been a member of VDA AK 16 since 2004 and has overseen the German mirror committee for ISO 26262, today's VDA AK 26-01 working group (Fundamentals for functional safety of road vehicles). Moreover, he served as a foundation member of WG 16 (ISO committee for ISO 26262) and has ever since been one of the German experts in this international task force until 2014. Both committees developed the essential foundations for functional safeties in automobiles.
From 2014 till 2015 he developed safety-related chassis control systems for the Mando Corporation Europe as 'Head of Cross-Functional Development'. He was responsible for building-up an engineering infrastructure align with the requirements of ISO 262626 and leads the system and software development for electronic stability and park-brake systems.
Since August 2015, he is employed a senior consultant for development and functional safety at Bosch Engineering GmbH.

Zielgruppe

Professional/practitioner

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ross, Hans-Leo

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword of the Author;5
2;Preface;6
3;Acknowledgments;9
4;Contents;10
5;1 Introduction;13
5.1;1.1 Definitions and Translations from the ISO 26262;14
5.2;1.2 Error Terms of the ISO 26262;17
5.3;References;18
6;2 Why Functional Safety in Road Vehicles?;19
6.1;2.1 Risk, Safety and Functional Safety in Automobiles;19
6.2;2.2 Quality Management System;25
6.2.1;2.2.1 Quality Management Systems from the Viewpoint of ISO 26262;29
6.3;2.3 Advanced Quality Planning;30
6.4;2.4 Process Models;32
6.4.1;2.4.1 V-Models;33
6.4.2;2.4.2 Waterfall Model;42
6.4.3;2.4.3 Spiral Model;43
6.5;2.5 Automotive and Safety Lifecycles;45
6.5.1;2.5.1 Safety Lifecycles for the Development of Automotive Products;47
6.5.2;2.5.2 Safety-Lifecycles According to ISO 26262;48
6.5.3;2.5.3 Security-Versus Safety Lifecycles;50
6.6;References;50
7;3 System Engineering;52
7.1;3.1 Historic and Philosophic Background;52
7.2;3.2 Reliability Engineering;54
7.2.1;3.2.1 Foundation/Basis of Reliability;56
7.2.2;3.2.2 Reliability and Safety;60
7.3;3.3 Architecture Development;62
7.3.1;3.3.1 Stakeholder of Architectures;64
7.3.2;3.3.2 Views of Architecture;67
7.3.3;3.3.3 Horizontal Level of Abstraction;69
7.4;3.4 Requirements and Architecture Development;77
7.5;3.5 Requirements and Design Specification;79
7.6;References;85
8;4 System Engineering for Development of Requirements and Architecture;86
8.1;4.1 Function Analysis;89
8.2;4.2 Hazard and Risk Analysis;91
8.2.1;4.2.1 Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment according to ISO 26262;92
8.2.2;4.2.2 Safety Goals;101
8.3;4.3 Safety Concepts;104
8.3.1;4.3.1 The Functional Safety Concept;107
8.3.2;4.3.2 Technical Safety Concept;117
8.3.3;4.3.3 Microcontroller Safety Concept;121
8.4;4.4 System Analyses;125
8.4.1;4.4.1 Methods for the System Analysis;126
8.4.2;4.4.2 Safety Analysis According to ISO 26262;130
8.4.2.1;4.4.2.1 Failure/Error Propagation;137
8.4.2.2;4.4.2.2 Error Propagation in the Horizontal and in the Vertical;142
8.4.2.3;4.4.2.3 Inductive Safety Analysis;147
8.4.2.4;4.4.2.4 Deductive Safety Analysis;150
8.4.2.5;4.4.2.5 Quantitative Safety Analysis;156
8.4.2.6;4.4.2.6 Architecture Metrics;160
8.4.2.7;4.4.2.7 Top Failure Metrics (Probabilistic Metric for Random Hardware Failure, PMHF);166
8.4.2.8;4.4.2.8 Failure Metrics for Sensors or other Components;172
8.4.2.9;4.4.2.9 Analysis of Dependent Failures (ADF);174
8.4.2.10;4.4.2.10 Safety Analysis in the Safety Lifecycle;181
8.4.3;4.4.3 Safety and Security Error Propagation;188
8.5;4.5 Verification During Development;188
8.6;4.6 Product Development at System Level;190
8.7;4.7 Product Development at Component Level;194
8.7.1;4.7.1 Mechanical Development;197
8.7.2;4.7.2 Electronic Development;198
8.7.3;4.7.3 Software Development;203
8.8;References;210
9;5 System Engineering in the Product Development;211
9.1;5.1 Product Realization;211
9.1.1;5.1.1 Product Design for Development;212
9.1.2;5.1.2 Mechanics;212
9.1.3;5.1.3 Electronics;214
9.1.4;5.1.4 Software;214
9.2;5.2 Functional Safety and Timing Constraints;216
9.2.1;5.2.1 Safety Aspects of Fault-Reaction-Time-Interval;216
9.2.2;5.2.2 Safety Aspects and Real-Time Systems;217
9.2.3;5.2.3 Timing and Determinism;219
9.2.4;5.2.4 Scheduling Aspects in Relation to Control-Flow and Data-Flow Monitoring;221
9.2.5;5.2.5 Safe Processing Environment;224
10;6 System Integration;226
10.1;6.1 Verifications and Tests;227
10.1.1;6.1.1 Basic Principles for Verifications and Tests;234
10.1.2;6.1.2 Verification based on Safety Analyses;237
10.1.3;6.1.3 Verification of Diverse Objectives such as Safety and Security;241
10.1.4;6.1.4 Test Methods;242
10.1.5;6.1.5 Integration of Technical Elements;243
10.2;6.2 Safety Validation;245
10.3;6.3 Model Based Development;248
10.3.1;6.3.1 Models for Functional Safety;250
10.3.2;6.3.2 Foundation for Models;253
10.3.3;6.3.3 Model Based Safety Analysis;254
10.4;6.4 Approvals/Releases;255
10.4.1;6.4.1 Process Releases;256
10.4.2;6.4.2 Release for Series Production;257
10.4.3;6.4.3 Production Part Approval Process (PPAP);258
10.5;References;260
11;7 Confirmation of Functional Safety;261
11.1;7.1 Confirmation Reviews;265
11.2;7.2 Functional Safety Audits;269
11.3;7.3 Assessment of Functional Safety;270
11.4;7.4 Safety Case;271
11.5;References;273
12;Index;274

1 Introduction.- 2 Why Functional Safety in Automotive Industry? 3 System Engineering.- 4 System Engineering for the Development of Requirements and Related Architecture.- 5 System Engineering during Product Realization.- 6 System Integration.- 7 Confirmation of Functional Safety.- Index.

Über Autor(innen)

Hans-Leo Ross graduated as an engineer from the University of Paderborn. For ‘Preussag-Noell-LGA Gastechnik’ he planned and realized safety relevant plants and systems for the oil and gas industry as well as for offshore chemical plants. He also worked for ‘HIMA Paul Hildebrandt’ where his responsibilities covered the distribution of safety-related control systems in Great Britain and North and Eastern Europe before he became Head of Product Management.

He has been working for Continental Automotive since 2004 where and was responsible for the introduction of functional safety and the coordination of the entire overall safety activities of the company. He has also been a member of VDA AK 16 since 2004 and has overseen the German mirror committee for ISO 26262, today’s VDA AK 26-01 working group (Fundamentals for functional safety of road vehicles). Moreover, he served as a foundation member of WG 16 (ISO committee for ISO 26262) and has ever since been one of the German experts in this international task force until 2014. Both committees developed the essential foundations for functional safeties in automobiles.

From 2014 till 2015 he developed safety-related chassis control systems for the Mando Corporation Europe as “Head of Cross-Functional Development”. He was responsible for building-up an engineering infrastructure align with the requirements of ISO 262626 and leads the system and software development for electronic stability and park-brake systems.

Since August 2015, he is employed a senior consultant for development and functional safety at Bosch Engineering GmbH.