E-Book, Englisch, Band 95, 255 Seiten
Ring Anaphylaxis
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-3-8055-9442-4
Verlag: S. Karger
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
E-Book, Englisch, Band 95, 255 Seiten
Reihe: Chemical Immunology and Allergy
ISBN: 978-3-8055-9442-4
Verlag: S. Karger
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
Anaphylaxis is the most dramatic and potentially life-threatening manifestation of an immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction. Although known for over 100 years, it still poses many unresolved questions, and its practical management and acute treatment are often more empiric in nature than evidence-based.In this book a multidisciplinary group of experts review the state of the art in the pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and clinical symptomatology of anaphylaxis. Its etiology with regard to different elicitors such as insect venoms, radiocontrast media, analgesics, general and local anesthetics is examined in detail. Finally, treatment modalities for anaphylaxis are discussed both for acute reactions and as general management recommendations for patients at risk. Providing thorough and up-to-date coverage of this frequently underestimated problem, this book is of interest not only to allergologists and immunologists, but also to all physicians and affected patients.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Cover;1
2;Contents;6
3;Preface;12
4;History and Epidemiology;28
4.1;History and Classification of Anaphylaxis;28
4.1.1;Abstract;28
4.1.2;History;29
4.1.3;Pathophysiology of Anaphylaxis;31
4.1.4;Clinical Symptomatology;33
4.1.5;Management of Anaphylaxis;36
4.1.6;Allergens and Elicitors;36
4.1.7;References;37
4.2;Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis;39
4.2.1;Abstract;39
4.2.2;Sources of Information on the Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis;39
4.2.3;Limitations;40
4.2.4;Causes of Anaphylaxis;40
4.2.5;Food;40
4.2.6;Drugs;42
4.2.7;Insect Venom Anaphylaxis;43
4.2.8;Biphasic Anaphylactic Reaction;44
4.2.9;Age;44
4.2.10;Atopy;45
4.2.11;Geography;45
4.2.12;Gender;45
4.2.13;Socioeconomic Status;46
4.2.14;References;46
5;Mechanisms;49
5.1;T-Cell Response to Allergens;49
5.1.1;Abstract;49
5.1.2;Allergen Recognition by the Immune System;50
5.1.3;Conclusion;64
5.1.4;Acknowledgements;64
5.1.5;References;64
5.2;Anaphylaxis: Mechanisms of Mast Cell Activation;72
5.2.1;Abstract;72
5.2.2;Use of Mouse Models to Study Anaphylaxis;73
5.2.3;IgE-Dependent Anaphylaxis: Fc?RI Signaling;76
5.2.4;Factors Modulating (or ‘Tuning’) Fc?RI-Dependent Mast Cell Functional Activation;84
5.2.5;Other Immune and Non-Immune Mechanisms of Anaphylaxis;88
5.2.6;Concluding Remarks;89
5.2.7;References;90
5.3;Kinins, Airway Obstruction, and Anaphylaxis;94
5.3.1;Abstract;94
5.3.2;Introduction;95
5.3.3;Proteins;96
5.3.4;Mechanisms of Bradykinin Formation (Contact Activation);97
5.3.5;Cell Surface Assembly of the Plasma Kinin-Forming Cascade;99
5.3.6;Kinin Formation at the Surface of Endothelial Cells;100
5.3.7;Angioedema;100
5.3.8;C1 Inhibitor Deficiency;101
5.3.9;Acquired C1 Inhibitor Deficiency;104
5.3.10;Other Hereditary and Non-Hereditary Angioedemas;106
5.3.11;Kinins and Anaphylactic-Like Reactions;106
5.3.12;References;107
5.4;Role for Basophils in Systemic Anaphylaxis;112
5.4.1;Abstract;112
5.4.2;Biology of Basophils;112
5.4.3;Newly Identified Roles for Basophils;114
5.4.4;A Crucial Role for Basophils in Anaphylaxis;116
5.4.5;Perspective;122
5.4.6;References;122
5.5;Human Cardiac Mast Cells in Anaphylaxis;125
5.5.1;Abstract;125
5.5.2;Human Heart Mast Cells;126
5.5.3;Preformed Mediators Synthesized by HHMC;126
5.5.4;Lipid Mediators de novo Synthesized by HHMC;128
5.5.5;Cytokines Synthesized by HHMC;128
5.5.6;Immunologic and Non-Immunologic Stimuli that Activate HHMC in vitro;129
5.5.7;Role of HHMC in Systemic and Cardiac Anaphylaxis;130
5.5.8;Cardiovascular Effects of Histamine Infusion in Man;130
5.5.9;Effects of Activation of the H1 Receptor on Coronary Hemodynamics in Man;131
5.5.10;Hemodynamic Effects of Cysteinyl Leukotrienes in Man;132
5.5.11;Conclusions;132
5.5.12;Acknowledgements;133
5.5.13;References;134
6;Diagnosis and Clinical Symptomatology;137
6.1;Mastocytosis;137
6.1.1;Abstract;137
6.1.2;Description;138
6.1.3;Pathogenesis;138
6.1.4;Clinical Features;139
6.1.5;Mastocytosis and Anaphylaxis;143
6.1.6;Diagnosis;145
6.1.7;Therapy;146
6.1.8;Acknowledgement;149
6.1.9;References;150
6.2;In vitro Diagnosis of Anaphylaxis;152
6.2.1;Abstract;152
6.2.2;Diagnosis of Anaphylactic Reaction;153
6.2.3;Drugs;156
6.2.4;Latex;160
6.2.5;Anisakis Allergy;160
6.2.6;Insect Venom Allergy;160
6.2.7;Foods;161
6.2.8;Diagnosis by Components. Microarrays to Determine Specific IgE;163
6.2.9;Acknowledgements;164
6.2.10;References;164
7;Allergens and Elicitors;168
7.1;Insect Venoms;168
7.1.1;Abstract;168
7.1.2;Taxonomy and Biology of Responsible Insects;168
7.1.3;Allergens in Hymenoptera Venoms;172
7.1.4;Clinical Presentation of Anaphylaxis to Hymenoptera Venoms;175
7.1.5;Epidemiologic Aspects;175
7.1.6;Diagnosis;176
7.1.7;Prevention and Emergency Treatment;178
7.1.8;Immunotherapy;178
7.1.9;References;181
7.2;Classification and Pathophysiology of Radiocontrast Media Hypersensitivity;184
7.2.1;Abstract;184
7.2.2;Classification of Adverse Reactions to Radiographic Contrast Media;185
7.2.3;Clinical Presentation of Radiocontrast Media Hypersensitivity;186
7.2.4;Pathophysiology of Immediate Reactions;187
7.2.5;Pathophysiology of Non-Immediate Reactions;190
7.2.6;Diagnosis;192
7.2.7;Prevention;194
7.2.8;Acknowledgements;195
7.2.9;References;195
7.3;Analgesics;197
7.3.1;Abstract;197
7.3.2;Historical Note;197
7.3.3;Classification;200
7.3.4;Aspirin-Induced Asthma;200
7.3.5;Prevention and Treatment;202
7.3.6;Aspirin-Sensitive Urticaria/Angioedema;203
7.3.7;Hypersensitivity to Pyrazolones;203
7.3.8;Allergic Anaphylactic Reactions to NSAIDs;204
7.3.9;Acknowledgements;205
7.3.10;References;205
7.4;Anaphylaxis to General Anesthetics;207
7.4.1;Abstract;207
7.4.2;Epidemiology;208
7.4.3;Specific Clinical Features of Anesthesia Induced Anaphylaxis;208
7.4.4;Population at Risk;210
7.4.5;Causal Agents;210
7.4.6;Conclusion;215
7.4.7;References;215
7.5;Anaphylactic Reactions to Local Anesthetics;217
7.5.1;Abstract;217
7.5.2;Chemical Structure;218
7.5.3;Clinical Symptomatology;219
7.5.4;Toxicity;220
7.5.5;Pharmacologic Effect;220
7.5.6;Hypersensitivity Reactions;220
7.5.7;Results of Skin Test and Provocation Test Procedures;221
7.5.8;Psychosomatic Involvement;222
7.5.9;Reverse Placebo Provocation;223
7.5.10;Diagnostic Work-Up;224
7.5.11;Conclusion;224
7.5.12;Acknowledgement;225
7.5.13;References;226
8;Treatment and Prevention;228
8.1;Anaphylaxis: Acute Treatment and Management;228
8.1.1;Abstract;228
8.1.2;Basic General Treatment Modalities;229
8.1.3;Epinephrine (Adrenaline);230
8.1.4;Glucocorticosteroids;231
8.1.5;Antihistamines;232
8.1.6;Volume Replacement;232
8.1.7;Additional Drugs;233
8.1.8;General Management of Patients Having Undergone an Anaphylactic Reaction;233
8.1.9;References;234
8.2;Epinephrine (Adrenaline) in Anaphylaxis;238
8.2.1;Abstract;238
8.2.2;Pharmacologic Activity;239
8.2.3;Therapeutic Window;240
8.2.4;Epinephrine: Evidence Base for Use in Anaphylaxis;240
8.2.5;Epinephrine Dosing;241
8.2.6;Epinephrine Autoinjector Use in First-Aid Treatment;242
8.2.7;Alternative Routes of Epinephrine Administration for First-Aid Treatment;244
8.2.8;Reason for Failure to Inject Epinephrine Promptly;244
8.2.9;Reasons for Occasional Lack of Response to Epinephrine;245
8.2.10;Context of Epinephrine Use as First-Aid Treatment;245
8.2.11;Future Directions;246
8.2.12;References;247
9;Author Index;250
10;Subject Index;251
