Buch, Englisch, Format (B × H): 155 mm x 235 mm, Gewicht: 609 g
An Introduction to the Physical Concepts
Buch, Englisch, Format (B × H): 155 mm x 235 mm, Gewicht: 609 g
ISBN: 978-3-642-87778-0
Verlag: Springer
The second English edition has been updated from the fifth edition of the original German text. The principal addition is a chapter on nuclear ther modynamics. We consider in this chapter the behaviour of nuclear matter at high temperature, how it may be studied in the laboratory, via heavy ion experiments and how it was of great importance in the initial stages of the universe. Such a phase of matter may be described and interpreted using the tools of thermodynamics. In this way a connection between particle and nuclear physics and the currently exciting research areas of cosmology and astrophysics may be constructed. We would like to thank Martin Lavelle (Plymouth) for the translation of the new chapter and for revising the old text and Jurgen Sawinski (Heidelberg) for the excellent work he has done in reformatting the book. Heidelberg, May 1999 The Authors Preface to the First Edition The aim of PARTICLES AND NUCLEI is to give a unified description of nuclear and particle physics because the experiments which have uncovered the substructure of atomic nuclei and nucleons are conceptually similar. With the progress of experimental and theoretical methods, atoms, nuclei, nucleons, and finally quarks have been analysed during the course of this century. The intuitive assumption that our world is composed of a few constituents - an idea which seems attractive, but could not be taken for granted - appears to be confirmed.
Zielgruppe
Lower undergraduate
Weitere Infos & Material
1. Hors d’œuvre.- 1.1 Fundamental Constituents of Matter.- 1.2 Fundamental Interactions.- 1.3 Symmetries and Conservation Laws.- 1.4 Experiments.- 1.5 Units.- I. Analysis: The Building Blocks of Matter.- 2. Global Properties of Nuclei.- 2.1 The Atom and its Constituents.- 2.2 Nuclides.- 2.3 Parametrisation of Binding Energies.- 2.4 Charge Independence of the Nuclear Force and Isospin.- Problems.- 3. Nuclear Stability.- 3.1 ?-Decay.- 3.2 ?-Decay.- 3.3 Nuclear Fission.- 3.4 Decay of Excited Nuclear States.- Problems.- 4. Scattering.- 4.1 General Observations About Scattering Processes.- 4.2 Cross Sections.- 4.3 The “Golden Rule”.- 4.4 Feynman Diagrams.- Problems.- 5. Geometric Shapes of Nuclei.- 5.1 Kinematics of Electron Scattering.- 5.2 The Rutherford Cross-Section.- 5.3 The Mott Cross-Section.- 5.4 Nuclear Form Factors.- 5.5 Inelastic Nuclear Excitations.- Problems.- 6. Elastic Scattering off Nucleons.- 6.1 Form Factors of the Nucleons.- 6.2 Quasi-elastic Scattering.- 6.3 Charge Radii of Pions and Kaons.- Problems.- 7. Deep Inelastic Scattering.- 7.1 Excited States of the Nucleons.- 7.2 Structure Functions.- 7.3 The Parton Model.- 7.4 Interpretation of Structure Functions in the Parton Model.- Problems.- 8. Quarks, Gluons, and the Strong Interaction.- 8.1 The Quark Structure of Nucleons.- 8.2 Quarks in Hadrons.- 8.3 The Quark-Gluon Interaction.- 8.4 Scaling Violations of the Structure Functions.- Problems.- 9. Particle Production in e+e? Collisions.- 9.1 Lepton Pair Production.- 9.2 Resonances.- 9.3 Non-resonant Hadron Production.- 9.4 Gluon Emission.- Problems.- 10. Phenomenology of the Weak Interaction.- 10.1 The Lepton Families.- 10.2 The Types of Weak Interactions.- 10.3 Coupling Strength of the Charged Current.- 10.4 The Quark Families.- 10.5 Parity Violation.- 10.6 Deep Inelastic Neutrino Scattering.- Problems.- 11. Exchange Bosons of the Weak Interaction.- 11.1 Real W and Z Bosons.- 11.2 Electroweak Unification.- Problems.- 12. The Standard Model.- II. Synthesis: Composite Systems.- 13. Quarkonia.- 13.1 The Hydrogen Atom and Positronium Analogues.- 13.2 Charmonium.- 13.3 Quark-Antiquark Potential.- 13.4 The Chromomagnetic Interaction.- 13.5 Bottonium and Toponium.- 13.6 The Decay Channels of Heavy Quarkonia.- 13.7 Decay Widths as a Test of QCD.- Problems.- 14. Mesons Made from Light Quarks.- 14.1 Mesonic Multiplets.- 14.2 Meson Masses.- 14.3 Decay Channels.- 14.4 Neutral Kaon Decay.- Problems.- 15. The Baryons.- 15.1 The Production and Detection of Baryons.- 15.2 Baryon Multiplets.- 15.3 Baryon Masses.- 15.4 Magnetic Moments.- 15.5 Semileptonic Baryon Decays.- 15.6 How Good is the Constituent Quark Concept?.- Problems.- 16. The Nuclear Force.- 16.1 Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering.- 16.2 The Deuteron.- 16.3 Nature of the Nuclear Force.- Problems.- 17. The Structure of Nuclei.- 17.1 The Fermi Gas Model.- 17.2 Hypernuclei.- 17.3 The Shell Model.- 17.4 Deformed Nuclei.- 17.5 Spectroscopy Through Nuclear Reactions.- 17.6 ?-Decay of the Nucleus.- Problems.- 18. Collective Nuclear Excitations.- 18.1 Electromagnetic Transitions.- 18.2 Dipole Oscillations.- 18.3 Shape Oscillations.- 18.4 Rotation States.- Problems.- 19. Nuclear Thermodynamics.- 19.1 Thermodynamical Description of Nuclei.- 19.2 Compound Nuclei and Quantum Chaos.- 19.3 The Phases of Nuclear Matter.- 19.4 Particle Physics and Thermodynamics in the Early Universe.- 19.5 Stellar Evolution and Element Synthesis.- Problems.- 20. Many-Body Systems in the Strong Interaction.- A. Appendix.- A.1 Accelerators.- A.2 Detectors.- A.3 Combining Angular Momenta.- A.4 Physical Constants.- Solutions to the Problems.- References.
