Orton / Paxman / Walling The Solid State Maser

The Commonwealth and International Library: Selected Readings in Physics
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-4831-5927-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 294 Seiten, Web PDF

The Solid State Maser presents readings related to solid state maser amplifier from the first tentative theoretical proposals that appeared in the early 1950s to the successful realization of practical devices and their application to satellite communications and radio astronomy almost exactly 10 years later. The book discusses a historical account of the early developments (including that of the ammonia maser) of solid state maser; the properties of paramagnetic ions in crystals; the development of practical low noise amplifiers; and the characteristics of maser devices designed for communications use. The text also contains reprints of several important papers that illustrate various aspects of solid state maser. Physicists will find the book useful.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Orton, J. W.

Paxman, D. H.

Walling, J. C.

Ter Haar, D.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;The Solid State Maser;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;10
6;PART I;12
7;CHAPTER 1. An Historical Account of Early Developments;14
7.1;1.1. Introduction;14
8;CHAPTER 2. Maser Materials;30
8.1;2.1. Paramagnetic Resonance*;30
8.2;2.2. Paramagnetic Ions in Crystals;32
8.3;2.3. Choice of Maser Material;36
8.4;2.4. Properties of Maser Energy Levels;39
8.5;2.5. Spin-lattice Relaxation;44
8.6;2.6. Inversion in a Multilevel System;48
8.7;2.7. Optical Pumping;53
8.8;2.8. The Spin Hamiltonian;55
9;CHAPTER 3. Maser Devices;64
9.1;3.1. Choice of Active Material;64
9.2;3.2. Cavity Masers;68
9.3;3.3. Travelling Wave Masers;80
9.4;3.4. Determination of Qm;87
10;CHAPTER 4. The Application of Solid State Masers;93
10.1;Conclusion;97
10.2;References;99
11;PART II;102
12;Comments on Paper 1;104
12.1;PAPER 1* A Nuclear Spin System at NegativeTemperature;107
13;Comments on Paper 2;110
13.1;PAPER 2* Amplification of Microwave Radiationby Substances not in ThermalEquilibrium;112
13.1.1;Introduction;112
13.1.2;A Method of Obtaining Amplification;114
13.1.3;Symmetric Top Molecules in Electric Fields;115
14;Comments on Paper 3;117
14.1;PAPER 3* Molecular Microwave Oscillator andNew Hyperfine Structure in theMicrowave Spectrum of NH3 t;119
15;Comments on Paper 4;124
15.1;PAPER 4* Possible Methods of Obtaining ActiveMolecules for a Molecular Oscillator;125
15.1.1;References;127
15.2;PAPER 5* Proposal for a New Type Solid StateMasert;128
15.2.1;Summary;128
15.3;PAPER 6* Paramagnetic Fine Structure Spectrumof C r + + + in a Single Ruby Crystal t;138
15.3.1;Summary;138
15.3.2;I. Introduction;138
15.3.3;II. Experimental Method;139
15.3.4;III. Experimental Results;141
15.3.5;IV. Conclusions;143
15.3.6;V. Acknowledgments;144
15.4;PAPER 7* Paramagnetic Spectra of SubstitutedSapphires—Part 1 : Rubyt;145
15.4.1;Summary;145
15.4.2;I. Introduction;145
15.4.3;II. The Spin Hamiltonian;147
15.4.4;III. Energy Levels and Eigenvectors;149
15.4.5;IV. Transition Probabilities;156
15.4.6;V. Special Cases;159
15.4.7;VI. Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra;161
15.4.8;VII. Acknowledgment;166
15.4.9;References;166
15.5;PAPER 8* Spin-Lattice Relaxation Times in Rubyat 34 6 Gc/s;167
15.5.1;Abstract;167
15.5.2;§ 1. Introduction;167
15.5.3;§ 2. Apparatus and Technique;168
15.5.4;§ 3. Relaxation Times for Low Chromium Concentration;171
15.5.5;§ 4. Effects due to Increased Concentration;175
15.5.6;§ 5. Very High Concentration;177
15.5.7;§ 6. Conclusions;177
15.5.8;Acknowledgments;178
15.5.9;References;178
15.6;PAPER 9* Spin-Lattice Relaxation and Cross-Relaxation Interactions in ChromiumCorundum;179
15.6.1;Summary;179
15.6.2;1. Introduction;179
15.6.3;2. Method and Experimental Conditions;181
15.6.4;3. Theoretical Treatment of Cross-Relaxation betweenCr3+ Levels;181
15.6.5;4. Experimental Results and Discussion;184
15.6.6;References;193
15.7;PAPER 1 0 * Microwave Generation in Ruby due toPopulation Inversion produced byOptical Absorption;195
15.7.1;References;202
16;Comments on Papers 11-12;203
16.1;PAPER 11 * Electron Spin Relaxation Times inGadolinium Ethyl Sulfate;205
16.2;PAPER 12* Operation of a Solid State Maser;209
17;Comments on Papers 13-14;215
17.1;PAPER 13* Solid-State Maser Amplifiert;217
17.1.1;Summary;217
17.1.2;I. Introduction;217
17.1.3;II. Energy Levels;218
17.1.4;III. Apparatus and Method;220
17.1.5;IV. Experimental Results;224
17.1.6;V. Discussion;230
17.1.7;VI. Acknowledgments;234
17.2;PAPER 14* Noise Temperature Measurement on aSolid-State Masert;236
18;Comments on Paper 15;241
18.1;PAPER 15* The Three-Level Solid State Traveling-Wave Maser;245
18.1.1;Summary;245
18.1.2;I. Introduction;245
18.1.3;Ð. Traveling-Wave Maser Theory;247
18.1.4;III. Slow-Wave Maser Structures;256
18.1.5;IV. The Comb-Type Slow-Wave Structure;260
18.1.6;V. Gadolinium Maser Test Section Results;271
18.1.7;VI. Ruby Traveling-Wave Maser Performance;272
18.1.8;VII. TWM Noise-Temperature Measurement;275
18.1.9;VIII. Future Studies;278
18.1.10;IX. Acknowledgment;278
18.1.11;REFERENCES;278
18.2;PAPER 16* Solid State Masers and Their Use in Satellite Communication Systems;280
18.2.1;Summary;280
18.2.2;Introduction;280
18.2.3;A 4170 Mc/s Packaged Travelling Wave Maser;284
18.2.4;Systems Considerations and Conclusions;292
19;INDEX;294