Noda Cellular and Molecular Biology of Bone

1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-0-08-092500-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 567 Seiten

Written by well-known experts in their respective fields, this book synthesizes recent work on the biology of bone cells at the molecular level. Cellular and Molecular Biology of Bone covers the differentiation of these cells, the regulation of their growth and metabolism, and their death resorption. The authors' special comprehensive treatment of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of bone metabolism makes this book a unique and valuable tool. Cellular and Molecular Biology of Bone provides interested readers-with concise state-of-the-art reviews in bone biology that will enlarge their scope and increase their appreciation of the field. Research in this area has intensified recently due to the increasing incidence of osteoporosis. The editor hopes an understanding of the basic biology of this disease will prove relevant to its prevention and treatment.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Noda, Masaki

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Cellular and Molecular Biology of Bone;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Contributors;18
6;Preface;22
7;CHAPTER 1. OSTEOBLASTIC CELL LINEAGE;24
7.1;I. Introduction;25
7.2;II. Cells of the Osteoblast Lineage;25
7.3;III. Origin and Lineage of the Osteoblast;33
7.4;IV. Osteoblast Heterogeneity: Subpopulations, Stages of Differentiation, or Aberrant Expression in Vitro?;39
7.5;V. Indirect Identification of the Osteoprogenitor Cell;42
7.6;VI. Monoclonal Antibodies for Identification of Cells
in the Osteoblast Lineage;48
7.7;VII. Concluding Remarks;51
7.8;References;52
8;CHAPTER 2. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS MEDIATING DEVELOPMENTAL AND HORMONE-REGULATED EXPRESSION OF GENES IN OSTEOBLASTS:
An Integrated Relationship of Cell Growth and Differentiation;70
8.1;I. Introduction;71
8.2;II. The Osteoblast Developmental Sequence: A
Functionally Coupled, Integrated Relationship between Expression of Cell Growth and Osteoblast-Related Genes;72
8.3;III. Hormone Modifications on Development of the Osteoblast Phenotype;82
8.4;IV. Molecular Mechanisms Operative in Developmental Expression of a Cell Growth and Bone-Specific Gene during Osteoblast Differentiation;87
8.5;V. Consequence of the Abrogation of Growth Controlon Deregulation of Differentiation Genes in Tumor Growth Cells;103
8.6;References;108
9;CHAPTER 3. CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR
ß;120
9.1;I. Introduction;121
9.2;II. Chemistry of Transforming Growth Factor
ß;121
9.3;III. Multiple Actions of Transforming Growth Factor
ß;123
9.4;IV. Transforming Growth Factor
ß in the Regulation of Bone Formation and Repair;126
9.5;V. Transcriptional Control of Expression of Transforming Growth Factor
ßs;131
9.6;VI. Characterization of the Promoters for Transforming Growth Factors ß1, ß2, and
ß3;135
9.7;VII. Post-transcriptional Regulation of Transforming Growth Factor
ß Isoforms;143
9.8;VIII. Conclusion;144
9.9;References;145
10;CHAPTER 4. BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS AND THEIR GENE EXPRESSION;154
10.1;I. Introduction;155
10.2;II. Bone Morphogenetic Protein Family;155
10.3;III. In Vivo Activities;164
10.4;IV. Mechanisms of Action;171
10.5;References;180
11;CHAPTER 5. OUR UNDERSTANDING OF INHERITED SKELETAL FRAGILITY AND WHAT THIS HAS TAUGHT US ABOUT BONE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION;192
11.1;I. Introduction;193
11.2;II. Mapping the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Locus;193
11.3;III. Clinical Classification;194
11.4;IV. Evidence of Genetic and Biochemical Heterogeneity;195
11.5;V. Characterization of the First Molecular Defect in a Collagen Gene;196
11.6;VI. Mapping Single Amino Acid Substitutions: The Predominant Structural Mutation Associated with Osteogenesis Imperfecta Types II-IV;198
11.7;VII. Inheritance;202
11.8;VIII. Summary;209
11.9;References;209
12;CHAPTER 6. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY OF THE MAJOR NONCOLLAGENOUS PROTEINS IN BONE;214
12.1;I. Introduction;215
12.2;II. Osteonectin/SPARC/BM-40;216
12.3;III. Osteopontin and Bone Sialoprotein;228
12.4;IV. Biglycan and Decorin;237
12.5;V. Conclusion;244
12.6;References;245
13;CHAPTER 7. THE OSTEOCALCIN GENE AS A MOLECULAR MODEL FOR TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION AND 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN
D3 REGULATION;258
13.1;I. Introduction;259
13.2;II. Osteocalcin Gene Transcription Unit;259
13.3;III. Functional Activity of the Osteocalcin Promoter;260
13.4;IV Steroid Receptor Superfamily;266
13.5;V Role of the Vitamin D Receptor in Osteocalcin Gene Activation;268
13.6;VI. Properties of Nuclear Accessory Factor and Other Steroid Receptor Accessory Factors;272
13.7;VII. Summary;274
13.8;References;275
14;CHAPTER 8. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF ESTROGEN AND THYROID HORMONE ACTION;280
14.1;I. Overview of Estrogen and Thyroid Hormone Action;281
14.2;II. Characterization of Estrogen- and Thyroid Hormone-Responsive Genes;283
14.3;III. Identification and Characterization of Hormone Response Elements;284
14.4;IV. Estrogen and Thyroid Hormone Receptor Genes;290
14.5;V. DNA-Binding Properties of the Estrogen Receptor;294
14.6;VI. DNA-Binding Properties of the Thyroid Hormone Receptor;296
14.7;VII. Mechanisms Responsible for Transcriptional Activation by Estrogen and Thyroid Hormone Receptors;298
14.8;VIII. Implications for the Study of the Mechanisms of Action of Estrogen and Thyroid Hormones on Bone Development and Homeostasis;300
14.9;References;301
15;CHAPTER 9. RECENT ADVANCES IN THE BIOLOGY OF RETINOIDS;310
15.1;I. Introduction;311
15.2;II. Retinoid Receptors;314
15.3;III. New Retinoids;319
15.4;IV. Retinoids in Development;322
15.5;V. Conclusion;336
15.6;References;336
16;CHAPTER 10. PARATHYROID HORMONE BIOSYNTHESIS AND ACTION: Molecular Analysis of the Parathyroid Hormone Gene and Parathyroid Hormone/Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide Receptor;344
16.1;I. Introduction;345
16.2;II. Parathyroid Hormone Gene Structure;345
16.3;III. Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone Gene Expression;346
16.4;IV. Parathyroid Hormone /Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide Receptor;351
16.5;References;359
17;CHAPTER 11. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF CALCITONIN GENE TRANSCRIPTION AND POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL RNA PROCESSING;366
17.1;I. Introduction;367
17.2;II. The Cellular Distribution of Calcitonin and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide;367
17.3;III. Transcriptional Regulation of the Calcitonin Gene;369
17.4;IV. Post-transcriptional Processing of the Calcitonin Gene Primary Transcript;383
17.5;References;393
18;CHAPTER 12. CYTOKINES IN BONE: Local Translators in Cell-to-Cell Communications;398
18.1;I. Introduction;399
18.2;II. Osteotropic Cytokines and Growth Factors in Bone;399
18.3;III. Cellular Components in Bone Microenvironment;400
18.4;IV. Mediation of Cell-to-Cell Communication by Osteotropic Cytokines;402
18.5;V. Actions of Cytokines and Growth Factors on Bone;405
18.6;VI. Conclusion;423
18.7;References;424
19;CHAPTER 13. SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN OSTEOBLASTS AND OSTEOCLASTS;436
19.1;I. Introduction;437
19.2;II. Substances with Effects in Bone Cells;438
19.3;III. Mechanisms of Signal Generation;441
19.4;IV. Specific Examples of Signal Transduction in Osteoblasts: Parathyroid Hormone/Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptides;451
19.5;V. Specific Examples of Signal Transduction in Osteoclasts;455
19.6;References;461
20;CHAPTER 14. CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE OSTEOCLAST;468
20.1;I. Introduction;469
20.2;II. Motility, Attachment, and Establishment of the Bone Resorbing Compartment;474
20.3;III. Proteins Destined for Export: Biosynthetic and Secretory Functions of the Osteoclast;482
20.4;IV. Cytosolic and Membrane Proteins: Membrane Composition and Ion Transport;489
20.5;V Regulation of the Mature Osteoclast;501
20.6;VI. Origin and Differentiation of the Osteoclast;503
20.7;VII. A New Challenge: The Protooncogene c-src Is Required for Normal Osteoclast Function;504
20.8;VIII. Summary and Conclusion;507
20.9;References;507
21;CHAPTER 15. c-fos ONCOGENE EXPRESSION IN CARTILAGE AND BONE TISSUES OF TRANSGENIC AND CHIMERIC MICE;520
21.1;I. Introduction;521
21.2;II. The fos Oncogene;526
21.3;III. Overexpression of c-fos Leads to Skeletal Defects in Transgenic and Chimeric Mice;532
21.4;IV. Specificity of c-fos Action;546
21.5;V. Conclusions and Perspectives;551
21.6;References;554
22;CHAPTER 16. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CARTILAGE MATRIX;562
22.1;I. Introduction;563
22.2;II. Collagen Type II;564
22.3;III. Aggrecan;568
22.4;IV. Link Protein;573
22.5;V. Summary;574
22.6;References;575
23;Index;580

Leseproben

CONTRIBUTORS
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors’ contributions begin. Abdul-Badi Abou- Samra,     (321), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 Jane E. Aubin,     (1), Medical Research Council Group in Periodontal Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8 R. Tracy Ballock,     (97), Laboratory of Chemoprevention, National Institute of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Roland Baron,     (445), Departments of Orthopedics, Cell Biology, and Cell and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 Jeffrey Bonadio,     (169), Department of Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 Myles A. Brown,     (257), Departments of Medicine, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 Munmun Chakraborty,     (445), Departments of Orthopedics, Cell Biology, and Cell and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 Diptendu Chatterjee,     (445), Departments of Orthopedics, Cell Biology, and Cell and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 Gilbert J. Cote,     (343), Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine and VA Medical Center and Section of Endocrinology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030 Marie Demay,     (321), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 Randall L. Duncan,     (413), Renal Division, Jewish Hospital/Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 Gregor Eichele,     (287), V. and M. McLean Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 Robert F. Gagel,     (343), Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine and VA Medical Center and Section of Endocrinology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030 Christopher K. Glass,     (257), Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and, Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 Steven A. Goldstein,     (169), Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Section of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 Agamemnon E. Grigoriadis,     (497), Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, A-1030, Vienna, Austria Anne-Marie Heegaard,     (191), Bone Research Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Johan N.M. Heersche,     (1), Medical Research Council Group in Periodontal Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8 William Home,     (445), Departments of Orthopedics, Cell Biology, and Cell and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 Keith A. Hruska,     (413), Renal Division, Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 Kyomi Ibaraki,     (191), Bone Research Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Harald Jüppner,     (321), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 Sandra A. Kerner,     (235), Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California 92121 Janet M. Kerr,     (191), Bone Research Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Robert A. Kesterson,     (235), Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California 92121 Seong-Jin Kim,     (97), Laboratory of Chemoprevention, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Henry Kronenberg,     (321), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 Jane B. Lian,     (47), Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655 Sergio Line1,     (539), National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Abderrahim Lomri,     (445), Departments of Orthopedics, Cell Biology, and Cell and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 Meetha Medhora,     (413), Renal Division, Jewish Hospital/Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 Lynn Neff,     (445), Departments of Orthopedics, Cell Biology, and Cell and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 Keiichi Ozono,     (235), Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California 92121 Sara Peleg,     (343), Department of Medical Specialities, Section of Endocrinology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030 J. Wesley Pike,     (235), Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California 92121 Jan-Hindrik Ravesloot,     (445), Departments of Orthopedics, Cell Biology, and Cell and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 Craig Rhodes,     (539), National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Felice Rolnick,     (413), Renal Division, Jewish Hospital/Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 Gino Segre,     (321), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 Susan M. Smith,     (287), Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Teruki Sone,     (235), Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California 92121 Gary S. Stein,     (47), Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655 Christina Thaller,     (287), V. and M. McLean Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 Kursad Turksen2,     (1), Medical...