Mezosi / Mezosi The Physical Geography of Hungary

1. Auflage 2017
ISBN: 978-3-319-45183-1
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 339 Seiten, eBook

Reihe: Geography of the Physical Environment

This book presents the most comprehensive and detailed overview of the physical environment of Hungary. The book makes a specific effort to connect regional geography with natural forcing and influencing factors. The first section discusses general characteristics relating to the physical geography of Hungary on a more theoretical basis including relief evolution, climate, hydrography, soils and vegetation. The second part focuses on regional content and analyzes conflicts, environmental values, threats and impacts of the different geographical units.This book appeals to researchers as well as students of physical geography and related disciplines and serves as a useful source for regional information on Hungary. This book can also be used as a field guide of the physical properties of this European country.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Mezosi, Gábor

Weitere Mitwirkende

Kiss, Timea

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;7
2;Acknowledgements;7
3;Contents;11
4;General Characteristics of the Physical Geography of Hungary;16
5;1 Relief Evolution;17
5.1;Abstract;17
5.2;1.1 Paleozoic and Mesozoic Relief Evolution and Palaeo-Geography;17
5.2.1;1.1.1 Palaeo-Geography of the Paleozoic;20
5.2.2;1.1.2 Palaeo-Geography of the Mesozoic;24
5.3;1.2 Palaeo-Geography of the Tertiary;29
5.3.1;1.2.1 Palaeo-Geography and Landforms of the Eocene;29
5.3.2;1.2.2 Palaeo-Geography and Landforms of the Oligocene;33
5.3.3;1.2.3 Palaeo-Geography of the Miocene;35
5.3.4;1.2.4 Palaeo-Geography of the Late Miocene;42
5.3.5;1.2.5 Palaeo-Geography of the Pliocene;45
5.4;1.3 Chronology and Main Palaeo-Geographical Features of the Quaternary;50
5.4.1;1.3.1 Tectonic Changes in the Pleistocene;51
5.4.2;1.3.2 Evolution of the River Network;54
5.4.2.1;1.3.2.1 The Evolution of the River Network of the Danube in Hungary;54
5.4.2.2;1.3.2.2 The Transforming Water System in Transdanubia;57
5.4.2.3;1.3.2.3 The Evolution of the Water System of the Tisza River in the Carpathian Basin;59
5.4.3;1.3.3 Alluvial Fans in the Carpathian Basin;62
5.5;1.4 Evolution of Terraces in the Carpathian Basin (Kiss, T.);65
5.5.1;1.4.1 The Location of Terraces and the Influencing Factors of Their Evolution in Hungary;65
5.5.2;1.4.2 The Influencing Factors of the Development of the Hungarian Terrace Systems;68
5.5.3;1.4.3 Identification and Dating Methods of Terraces;69
5.5.4;1.4.4 The Factors Transforming the Terraces;70
5.6;1.5 Forms and Processes of Loess and Blown Sand Territories in Hungary;70
5.6.1;1.5.1 Some Physical Geographical Issues of the Loess;70
5.6.2;1.5.2 Blown Sand Forms and Processes (Kiss, T.);77
5.6.2.1;1.5.2.1 Location and Evolution of Blown Sand Areas;77
5.6.2.2;1.5.2.2 The Aeolian Landscape;78
5.6.2.3;1.5.2.3 Main Blown Sand Areas in Hungary;79
5.6.2.4;1.5.2.4 Environmental Issues of Sand Areas;82
5.7;1.6 Periglacial Forms and Processes;82
5.8;1.7 Main Geographical Issues of the Hungarian Karst Areas;87
5.8.1;1.7.1 Main Regional Characteristics of Karstification;89
5.8.2;1.7.2 The Hungarian Karst Types;92
5.8.3;1.7.3 Some Questions of the Anthropogenic Use of Karsts;98
5.9;1.8 Main Features of Climate, Vegetation and Fauna of the Quaternary (Kiss, T.);98
5.9.1;1.8.1 Main Features of the Quaternary Flora and Fauna;100
5.9.2;1.8.2 Historical Changes of the Flora and Fauna in the Pleistocene;100
5.9.3;1.8.3 Landscape Development and Climate Changes;102
5.10;1.9 Late Glacial and Holocene Landforms and Processes;102
5.10.1;1.9.1 Palaeo-geography of the Late Glacial;102
5.10.2;1.9.2 The Division of the Holocene;103
5.10.3;1.9.3 Main Environmental Changes in the Holocene;105
5.11;References;110
6;2 Climate of Hungary;115
6.1;Abstract;115
6.2;2.1 Factors Influencing the Climate of the Carpathian Basin, the Climate Type;115
6.3;2.2 Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of the Main Climatic Parameters;116
6.3.1;2.2.1 Regional Differences in Sunshine Duration;117
6.3.2;2.2.2 Spatial Distribution of Air Temperature;117
6.3.3;2.2.3 Spatial Differences in Precipitation;119
6.3.4;2.2.4 Wind Conditions;122
6.4;2.3 Social Aspects of Climate;123
6.4.1;2.3.1 Number of Snow-Covered Days: Potentials for Skiing;123
6.4.2;2.3.2 Potentials to Utilize Renewable Climatic Energy Resources;123
6.4.2.1;2.3.2.1 Solar Energy Capacity;125
6.4.2.2;2.3.2.2 Wind Power Capacity;125
6.4.3;2.3.3 Special Climatic Features of Cities;126
6.4.4;2.3.4 Further Climatic Capabilities and Hazards;126
6.5;2.4 Past and Future of the Climate;130
6.6;References;132
7;3 Hydrography of Hungary;134
7.1;Abstract;134
7.2;3.1 Hydrographical Characteristics of Surface Waters;134
7.2.1;3.1.1 Catchment-Scale Hydrology of the Carpathian Basin;134
7.2.2;3.1.2 Rivers;138
7.2.3;3.1.3 Lakes;146
7.3;3.2 Subsurface Waters;161
7.3.1;3.2.1 Position and Spatial Changes of the Groundwater;162
7.3.2;3.2.2 Flow Conditions and Water Household of Artesian Waters;165
7.3.3;3.2.3 Quantitative Characteristics of Karst and Crack Waters;169
7.3.4;3.2.4 Bank-Filtered Waters;172
7.4;3.3 Some Anthropogenic Impacts on the Water System;172
7.5;References;175
8;4 Soils of Hungary;178
8.1;Abstract;178
8.2;4.1 Zonal Soils Characterised by the Dominant Influence of Climate;179
8.3;4.2 Intrazonal Soils;181
8.4;4.3 Azonal Soils;183
8.5;4.4 Anthropogenic Impacts on Soils;183
8.6;References;187
9;5 Natural Vegetation of Hungary;188
9.1;Abstract;188
9.2;5.1 Geographical Features of the Zonal Vegetation in the Carpathian Basin;188
9.3;5.2 Typical Plant Communities in Hungary;191
9.4;5.3 Anthropogenic Impacts Influencing and Altering the Vegetation in Hungary;193
9.5;5.4 Nature Protection in Hungary;195
9.6;References;198
10;Regional Physical Geography of Hungary: An Overview;199
11;6 Division of the Natural Landscape Regions;200
11.1;Abstract;200
11.2;6.1 History of the Hungarian Landscape Division;201
11.3;6.2 The Structure of Landscapes and Their Hungarian System;202
11.4;References;204
12;7 Physical Geography of the Great Hungarian Plain;205
12.1;Abstract;205
12.2;7.1 Location and the Main Evolutionary Periods of the Macro-Region;205
12.2.1;7.1.1 The Climatic Conditions of the Great Hungarian Plain;207
12.2.2;7.1.2 Hydrography of the Great Hungarian Plain;208
12.2.3;7.1.3 Soils and Vegetation of the Great Hungarian Plain;208
12.3;7.2 Overview on the Evolutionary Types of the Regions of the Great Hungarian Plain and Their Physical Geographical Characteristics;209
12.4;7.3 Environmental Values and Hazards in the Great Hungarian Plain;221
12.4.1;7.3.1 Consequences of Channel Regulation and Flood Control Works;234
12.5;References;238
13;8 Physical Geography of the Little Hungarian Plain;240
13.1;Abstract;240
13.2;8.1 Location and the Main Evolutionary Periods of the Macro-Region;240
13.3;8.2 Overview on the Evolutionary Types of the Regions of the Little Hungarian Plain and Their Physical Geographical Characteristics;244
13.4;8.3 The Most Important Natural Values and Some Environmental Conflicts of the Little Hungarian Plain;247
13.5;References;251
14;9 Physical Geographical of the West Hungarian Border Region;252
14.1;Abstract;252
14.2;9.1 Physical Geography and Landscape Development;252
14.3;9.2 Geographical Units of the West Hungarian Border Region;255
14.4;9.3 Some Natural Values and Environmental Conflicts of the West Hungarian Border Region;260
14.5;References;262
15;10 Physical Geography of the Transdanubian Mountains;264
15.1;Abstract;264
15.2;10.1 Location and the Main Evolutionary Periods of the Macro-Region;264
15.3;10.2 Overview on the Evolutionary Types of the Regions of the Transdanubian Mountains and Their Physical Geographical Characteristics;267
15.4;10.3 Some Natural Values and Environmental Hazards of the Transdanubian Mountains;273
15.5;References;275
16;11 Physical Geography of the Transdanubian Hills;277
16.1;Abstract;277
16.2;11.1 Location and the Main Evolutionary Periods of the Macro-Region;277
16.3;11.2 Overview on the Evolutionary Types of the Regions of the Transdanubian Hills and Their Physical Geographical Characteristics;281
16.4;11.3 Some Natural Values and Environmental Issues of the Transdanubian Hills (with the Collaboration of Bata, T.);285
16.5;References;288
17;12 Physical Geography of the North Hungarian Mountains;290
17.1;Abstract;290
17.2;12.1 Physical Geography and Landscape Development;290
17.3;12.2 The Genetic Overview and Some Physical Geographical Issues of the North Hungarian Mountains;294
17.4;12.3 Some Natural Values and Environmental Hazards of the North Hungarian Mountains;314
17.5;References;318
18;Appendix A: Landscape Units of Hungary;321
19;Appendix B: The Landscape Typesof Hungary;328
20;Index;330

Part I. General Characteristics of the Physical Geography of Hungary.- Chapter 1. The Relief Evolution.- Chapter 2. Climate of Hungary.- Chapter 3. Hydrography of Hungary.- Chapter 4. The Soils of Hungary .- Chapter 5. Natural Vegetation of Hungary.- Part II. Regional Physical Geography of Hungary: An Overview.- Chapter 6. Division of the Natural Landscape Regions.- Chapter 7. Physical Geography of the Great Hungarian Plain.- Chapter 8. Physical Geography of the Little Hungarian Plain.- Chapter 9. Physical Geography of the West Hungarian Border Region.- Chapter 10. Physical Geography of the Transdanubian Mountains.- Chapter 11. Physical Geography of the Transdanubian Hills.- Chapter 12. Physical geography of the North Hungarian Mountains.