Medved Measurement of Human Locomotion

Erscheinungsjahr 2002
ISBN: 978-1-4200-3698-5
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 272 Seiten

The importance of measurements for the proper assessment of human locomotion is increasingly being recognized. The fields of application encompass both healthy and pathological locomotion as encountered in rehabilitation medicine, orthopedics, kinesiology, sports medicine, and the like.
Measurement of Human Locomotion provides an up-to-date description of the instrument systems used for measurement of: kinematics of human movement; kinetic quantities experienced by the human body in contact with the ground; and, myoelectric changes associated with locomotor activity.

Physical principles behind the operation of various measurement systems are emphasized, as well as signal processing issues that must be addressed in order to obtain and use quantitative measurement variables in biomechanics. The book explains how measurement data are acquired, processed and presented to the user in the environment of a modern, computer-based laboratory. The ultimate aim is to contribute to the processes of the diagnosis and treatment of locomotion disorders.

The purpose of Measurement of Human Locomotion is to provide a concise but comprehensive presentation of the systems used for the measurement of human locomotion, with a view to the assessment and diagnosis of the phenomenon.

Zielgruppe

Biomedical engineers in the fields of physiology, biomechanics, kinesiology, robotics, ergonomics, orthopaedics, and rehabilitation medicine

Autoren/Hrsg.

Medved, Vladimir

Fachgebiete

• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Vorklinische Medizin: Grundlagenfächer Physiologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

INTRODUCTION
About the Book
The History of Locomotion Measurement
METHODOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
Biomechanical Modeling of the Human Body and the Inverse Dynamic Approach
Neurophysiology of Locomotion
Reciprocal Inhibition
The Placing Reaction and Reflex Reversal
Automatic Generation of Locomotor Patterns
Hierarchical Organization of Motor Control
Computational Neuroscience and Locomotion
The Peripheral Neuromuscular System
Biomechanical Modeling of Skeletal Muscle
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF LOCOMOTION MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
Structure of a Measurement System
Analog-To-Digital Conversion of Signals
Sampling
Conversion of the Sampled Signal
Realization of the Analog-to-Digital Converter
The Requirement on Locomotion Measurement Systems
MEASUREMENT OF LOCOMOTION KINEMATICS
Exoskeletal Systems
Stereometric Methods
Stereophotogrammetric Methods
Close-Range Analytical Photogrammetry Fundamentals
The High-Speed Photography Method
Optoelectronic Methods
Light Scanning-Based Methods
Stereometric Methods--Final Considerations, Signal Processing Aspects, and Computer Vision Issues
Accelerometry
Kinematic Data Processing
Sources of Errors in Kinematic Measurements
Filtering and Numerical Differentiation of Kinematic Data
MEASUREMENT OF KINETIC VARIABLES
Ground Reaction Force Measuring Platforms
The Strain Gage Transducer-Based Platform
The Strain Gage Sensor
Platform Construction
Piezoelectric Transducer-Based Platform
The Piezoelectric Effect
Platform Construction
Mounting the Force Platform
Applications of the Force Platform
Walking and Running
Take-off Ability
Kinetic Signal Representation
Vector Diagram
Stabilometry
Pressure Distribution Measurement Systems
Historical Development
Solutions and Examples of Use
Platforms
Shoe Insoles
Clinical Findings and Standardization of Measurement
MEASUREMENT OF MYOELECTRIC VARIABLES
The NeuroMuscular System and Bioelectricity: A Historical Survey
The Myoelectric Signal Model
Kinesiological Electromyography
Surface Electromyography
Surface Electrodes in Electromyography
Myoelectric Signal Amplifiers
EMG Telemetry
Myoelectric Signal Processing
Time Domain Processing Methods
Processing in the Frequency Domain
Normalization
EMG Signal as an Estimate of Muscle Force
Multichannel EMG Signal Processing
Applications of Surface Electromyography
Walking and Running
Backward Somersault in Gymnastics
COMPREHENSIVE LOCOMOTION DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Comprehensive Biomechanical Measurement and Clinical Applications
Development of Methodology of Marker-Free Kinematic Measurements