McHale Phase diagrams and ceramic processes

Erscheinungsjahr 2012
ISBN: 978-94-010-9605-8
Verlag: Springer Netherland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, eBook

Ceramic products are fabricated from selected and consolidated raw materials through the application of thermal and mechanical energy. The complex connec tions between thermodynamics, chemical equilibria, fabrication processes, phase development, and ceramic properties define the undergraduate curriculum in Ceramic Science and Ceramic Engineering. Phase diagrams are usually introduced into the engineering curriculum during the study of physical chemistry, prior to specialization into ceramic engineering. This creates an artificial separation between consideration of the equilibrium description of the chemically heterogeneous system and the engineering and physical processes required for phase, microstructure, and property development in ceramic materials. Although convenient for instructional purposes, the separa tion of these topics limits the effective application of phase diagram information by the ceramic engineer in research and manufacturing problem solving. The nature of oxide phases, which define their useful engineering properties, are seldom linked to the stability of those phases which underlies their reliability as engineered products. Similarly, ceramic fabrication processes are seldom dis cussed within the context of the equilibrium or metastable phase diagram. In this text, phase diagrams are presented with a discussion of ceramics' properties and processing. Particular emphasis is placed on the nature of the oxides themselves-their structural and dielectric properties-which results in unique and stable product performance. Any set of systematic property measurements can be the basis for a phase diagram: every experiment is an experiment in the approach to phase eqUilibrium.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

McHale, Anna E.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. Introduction.- 1.1 Ceramic Phases and Phase Equilibria.- 1.2 Oxides in the Environment.- 1.3 Phase Diagrams and Ceramic Processes.- 2. Products and Properties.- 2.1 Electromagnetic Properties and Applications.- 2.2 Refractory Applications.- 3. Mass Transport for Reaction.- 3.1 Defects in Oxides.- 3.2 Ideal Impurity Incorporation.- 3.3 Impurities and Defects in Real Oxides.- 4. From Equilibrium Thermodynamics to Phase Equilibria.- 4.1 Thermodynamic Functions and Relationships.- 4.2 The System Definition for Chemical Equilibria.- 4.3 State Function Measurement or Calculation.- 4.4 Solution Properties.- 4.5 Congruent Phase Transition.- 4.6 Nucleation Phenomena and Transformation Kinetics.- 5. The Phase Rule and Heterogeneous Equilibria.- 5.1 The Gibbs Phase Rule.- 5.2 The Phase Diagram.- 6. One- and Two-Component System Presentations.- 6.1 One-Component Systems.- 6.2 Two-Component or Binary Systems.- 6.3 Binary Phase Compatibility and Mass Balance.- 6.4 Heterogeneous Crystallization.- 6.5 Binary Metastability.- 6.6 Rules for Diagram Construction.- 7. Three or More Component Equilibria.- 7.1 The Ternary System.- 7.2 Ternary Phase Compatibility and Mass Balance.- 7.3 Special Ternary Diagram Presentations.- 7.4 Quaternary and Higher System Diagrams.- 8. Engineered Systems and Oxide Phase Equilibria.- 8.1 Conditions and Kinetics of Reaction.- 8.2 Reaction in Ceramic Processing.- 8.3 Consideration of Engineering Design.- References.- Suggested Exercises.