McGreavy Dynamics and Control of Chemical Reactors and Distillation Columns

Selected Papers from the IFAC Symposium, Bournemouth, UK, 8-10 December 1986
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9890-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 337 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: IFAC Symposia Series

Presents the latest results of both academic and industrial research in the control, modelling and dynamics of two of the most fundamental constituents of all chemical engineering plant. Includes contributions on fixed-bed, gas-phase and tubular reactors, thermal cracking furnaces and distillation columns, related to applications in all major areas of chemical engineering, including petrochemicals and bulk chemical manufacture. Contains 51 papers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

McGreavy, C.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Dynamics and Control of Chemical Reactors and Distillation Columns;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;CHAPTER 1. DISTILLATION CONTROL SYSTEM STRUCTURES;12
5.1;INTRODUCTION;12
5.2;CHOICE OF CONTROLLED VARIABLES;12
5.3;CHOICE OF CONTROL VARIABLES;14
5.4;EXTERNAL DECOUPLING;15
5.5;ASPECTS ON HOLISTIC MULTIVARIABLE CONTROL;15
5.6;NUMBER AND LOCATION OF SENSORS;15
5.7;DISCUSSION;16
5.8;REFERENCES;16
6;CHAPTER 2. FIXED BED REACTOR DYNAMICS AND CONTROL - A REVIEW;22
6.1;1. INTRODUCTION;22
6.2;2. FIXED-BED REACTOR CONFIGURATIONS;23
6.3;3. PACKED BED REACTOR MODELS AND BEHAVIOR;24
6.4;4. PROCESS IDENTIFICATION;26
6.5;5. PROCESS CONTROL DESIGN;27
6.6;6. OPTIMIZING CONTROL;32
6.7;7. CONCLUSIONS;32
6.8;NOTATION;32
6.9;REFERENCES;33
7;CHAPTER 3. DEVELOPMENTS IN DISTILLATION EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEM DESIGN – IMPLICATIONS FOR DYNAMICS AND CONTROL;36
7.1;INTRODUCTION;36
7.2;TRENDS IN COLUMN INTERNALS;36
7.3;TRENDS IN DISTILLATION SYSTEM DESIGN;37
7.4;CONCLUSION;38
7.5;REFERENCES;38
8;CHAPTER 4. CONTROL OF POLYMERIZATION REACTORS;42
8.1;INTRODUCTION;42
8.2;MATHEMATICAL MODELS;42
8.3;OPEN-LOOP OPTIMAL POLICIES;43
8.4;ON-LINE MEASUREMENTS AND STATE ESTIMATION;43
8.5;FEEDBACK CONTROL;43
8.6;SUMMARY;45
8.7;REFERENCES;45
9;CHAPTER 5. DIAGNOSING AND PREVENTING TRAY DAMAGE IN DISTILLATION COLUMNS;48
9.1;INTRODUCTION;48
9.2;CAUSES OF TRAY DAMAGE - SURVEY OF COLUMN TRAY DAMAGE INCIDENTS;48
9.3;COLUMN TRAY DESIGN;49
9.4;DIAGNOSING COLUMN TRAY DAMAGE;50
9.5;GENERAL APPROACH TO TROUBLESHOOTING;51
9.6;PREVENTING COLUMN TRAY DAMAGE;51
9.7;CONCLUSIONS;53
9.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;53
9.9;REFERENCES;53
10;CHAPTER 6. A DISTILLATION PLANT WITH AN INDIRECT HEAT PUMP FOR EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF OPERATION FORM, DYNAMICS AND CONTROL;54
10.1;INTRODUCTION;54
10.2;PROCESS EQUIPMENT;55
10.3;BASIC INSTRUMENTATION;56
10.4;DATA EQUIPMENT;57
10.5;SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS;58
10.6;EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIENCE;58
10.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;59
10.8;REFERENCES;59
11;CHAPTER 7. MULTIVARIABLE CONTROL OF INDUSTRIAL FRACTIONATORS;60
11.1;INTRODUCTION;60
11.2;DNA CONTROLLER DESIGN;61
11.3;THE DECOUPLING ALGORITHM;61
11.4;PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS AND CONTROL STRATEGY;62
11.5;PROCESS DESCRIPTION;62
11.6;CHOICE OF MANIPULATABLE VARIABLES AND CONTROLLED VARIABLES;63
11.7;RESULTS;63
11.8;CONCLUSIONS;64
11.9;REFERENCES;64
12;CHAPTER 8. OPTIMAL OPERATION OF A DISTILLATION COLUMN WITH TIME-VARYING ENERGY COSTS;66
12.1;INTRODUCTION;66
12.2;QUASI-STATIC OPTIMIZATION;66
12.3;DESCRIPTION OF THE APPARATUS;67
12.4;STATIONARY OPERATION;68
12.5;DYNAMIC MODELLING;68
12.6;FEED-BACK CONTROLLERS;68
12.7;SWITCH-OVER WITH HELP OF FEED FORWARD CONTROL;69
12.8;RESULTS;69
12.9;DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS;70
12.10;REFERENCES;70
13;CHAPTER 9. CONTROLLING AND OPTIMIZING INTEGRATED FRACTIONATION PROCESSES IN A PETROLEUM REFINERY;72
13.1;UNIT CONFIGURATION OF THE NAANTALI REFINERY;72
13.2;CONTROL STRATEGY;73
13.3;PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE SEPARATION;74
13.4;OPTIMIZATION OF ENERGY RECOVERY AND YIELDS;74
13.5;CONTROL PERFORMANCE AND RESULTS;75
13.6;REFERENCES;75
14;CHAPTER 10. CONTROL STUDIES OF A COMPLEX GAS PHASE REACTOR SYSTEM;78
14.1;INTRODUCTION;78
14.2;THE PLANT AND PROCESS;78
14.3;DYNAMIC MODEL;79
14.4;SIMULATION STUDIES;79
14.5;CONCLUSIONS;80
14.6;REFERENCES;81
15;CHAPTER 11. AN ADAPTIVE CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR A THERMAL CRACKING FURNACE;84
15.1;INTRODUCTION;84
15.2;CONTROL PROBLEM;85
15.3;CONCLUSIONS;88
15.4;NOMENCLATURE;88
15.5;GREEK SYBMOLS;89
15.6;REFERENCES;89
16;CHAPTER 12. DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF RESIDUE HYDRODESULFURIZATION TRICKLE-BED REACTOR;92
16.1;Introduction;92
16.2;Mathematical model;92
16.3;Results and discussion;96
16.4;Summary and conclusions;96
16.5;References;96
17;CHAPTER 13. FUZZY CONTROL OF A PILOT BATCH POLYMERIZATION REACTOR;98
17.1;INTRODUCTION;98
17.2;STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM;98
17.3;DESIGN OF FUZZY CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR PRESSURE-TEMPERATURE CONTROL;99
17.4;EXPERT FUZZY CONTROLLER;99
17.5;RESULTS AND DISCCUSION;100
17.6;CONCLUSION;101
17.7;REFERENCES;101
17.8;APPENDIX;101
18;CHAPTER 14. EARLY DETECTION OF HAZARDOUS STATES IN CHEMICAL REACTORS;104
18.1;INTRODUCTION;104
18.2;CRITERIA;104
18.3;PREDICTION;105
18.4;MULTIPLE FILTER METHODS;105
18.5;REFERENCES;107
19;CHAPTER 15. AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO APPROXIMATE DYNAMIC MODELING OF DISTILLATION TOWERS;110
19.1;INTRODUCTION;110
19.2;REVIEW OF PAST WORK;110
19.3;REDUCING THE FINAL TRANSFER FUNCTION;112
19.4;REFERENCES;115
20;CHAPTER 16. ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF DISTILLATION TRAINS;116
20.1;INTRODUCTION;116
20.2;PROBLEM FORMULATION;116
20.3;ANALYSIS OF THE OPENLOOP DYNAMIC RESPONSE;117
20.4;IMPLICATION ON PROCESS DESIGN AND CONTROL;118
20.5;CONCLUSIONS;118
20.6;REFERENCES;118
21;CHAPTER 17. AN INTERACTIVE SIMULATION PACKAGE FOR THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF BINARY DISTILLATION COLUMNS;122
21.1;1. INTRODUCTION;122
21.2;2. THE DYNAMIC DISTILLATION MODEL;122
21.3;3. THE NUMERICAL INTEGRATION ALGORITHM;123
21.4;4. FEEDBACK CONTROL OF THE INTEGRATION PARAMETERS;124
21.5;5. STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE PACKAGE;126
21.6;6. EXAMPLES;127
21.7;7. CONCLUDING REMARKS;127
21.8;REFERENCES;127
22;CHAPTER 18. APPLICATIONS OF A DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF DISTILLATION COLUMNS FOR A NEW MANUFACTURING PLANT;128
22.1;INTRODUCTION;128
22.2;FEASIBILITY STUDY - DYNAMIC ANALYSIS;128
22.3;CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN;129
22.4;OPERATOR TRAINING;130
22.5;CONCLUSION;130
22.6;REFERENCES;131
23;CHAPTER 19. NONLINEAR MODEL REDUCTION FOR BINARY DISTILLATION;134
23.1;INTRODUCTION;134
23.2;DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR;134
23.3;MODEL REDUCTION TECHNIQUE;135
23.4;REDUCED MODEL BEHAVIOUR;137
23.5;CONCLUSIONS;138
23.6;REFERENCES;138
24;CHAPTER 20. NON-LINEAR DISCRETE TIME MODELLING AND CONTROL OF A PILOT NEUTRALIZATION CHEMICAL REACTOR;140
24.1;INTRODUCTION;140
24.2;PRESENTATION OF THE CHEMICAL PILOT PLANT;140
24.3;IDENTIFICATION AND OPTIMAL CONTROL FOR TIME-VARYING VOLUME WORKING CONDITION;141
24.4;LINEARIZING CONTROL FOR BILINEAR WORKING CONDITION;142
24.5;CONCLUSION AND PROSPECTS;143
24.6;REFERENCES;143
25;CHAPTER 21. SEMIBATCH REACTOR DYNAMICS AND STATE ESTIMATION;146
25.1;INTRODUCTION;146
25.2;DIFFERENT SEMIBATCH OPERATION MODES;146
25.3;SEMIBATCH REACTOR MODELS;147
25.4;DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF SEMIBATCH REACTORS;147
25.5;STATE ESTIMATION;149
25.6;NOTATION;150
25.7;CONCLUSIONS;150
25.8;LITERATURE;151
26;CHAPTER 22. CONTINUOUS ESTIMATION OF THE CHAIN LENGTH DISTRIBUTION IN A POLYMERIZATION REACTOR: KALMAN FILTERING CONSIDERING GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS;152
26.1;INTRODUCTION;152
26.2;MODELLING OF FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE;152
26.3;SYSTEM STRUCTURE;153
26.4;SENSOR MODEL AND MEASUREMENT EQUATIONS;153
26.5;FILTER STRUCTURE;154
26.6;EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS;155
26.7;CONCLUSIONS;155
26.8;NOMENCLATURE;155
26.9;REFERENCES;156
26.10;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;156
27;CHAPTER 23. STATE ESTIMATION FOR POLYMERIZATION REACTORS;158
27.1;INTRODUCTION;158
27.2;STATE ESTIMATION;159
27.3;MODEL FOR THE EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE;160
27.4;EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS;161
27.5;REFERENCES;161
28;CHAPTER 24. VIBRATIONAL CONTROL OF CHEMICAL REACTORS: STABILIZATION AND CONVERSION IMPROVEMENT IN AN EXOTHERMIC CSTR;164
28.1;INTRODUCTION;164
28.2;METHOD OF ANALYSIS;164
28.3;THE REACTOR SYSTEM;164
28.4;VIBRATIONAL CONTROL OF THE CSTR;165
28.5;THEORETICAL RESULTS AND SIMULATIONS;166
28.6;EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS;166
28.7;CONCLUSIONS;167
28.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;167
28.9;REFERENCES;167
29;CHAPTER 25. OPERATION PLANNING AND QUALITY DESIGN OF A POLYMER PROCESS;170
29.1;REFERENCES;176
30;CHAPTER 26. THE DYNAMICS AND CONTROL OF A DEPROPANIZER;178
30.1;INTRODUCTION;178
30.2;DYNAMIC SIMULATOR;178
30.3;DEPROPANIZER COLUMN;179
30.4;OPEN LOOP DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR;180
30.5;CONTROL BEHAVIOR;180
30.6;CONCLUSION;181
30.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;182
30.8;NOTATION;182
30.9;REFERENCES;182
31;CHAPTER 27. CONTROL OF A DISTILLATION COLUMN ANALYSIS OF NOMINAL PERFORMANCE AND ROBUSTNESS FOR MULTIVARIABLE CONTROL SYSTEMS;186
31.1;INTRODUCTION;186
31.2;ANALYSIS;186
31.3;A CASE STUDY OF DISTILLATION CONTROL;187
31.4;CONCLUSION;189
31.5;REFERENCES;190
32;CHAPTER 28. EFFECT OF PROCESS AND MECHANICAL DESIGN ON THE DYNAMICS OF DISTILLATION COLUMNS;192
32.1;INTRODUCTION;192
32.2;MODEL OF A PLATE DISTILLATION COLUMN;192
32.3;DYNAMIC EQUATIONS FOR A GENERAL DISTILLATION STAGE;193
32.4;STARTUP OF A DISTILLATION COLUMN;194
32.5;DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR DURING STARTUP;194
32.6;INFLUENCE OF TRAY METAL THERMAL CAPACITANCE;195
32.7;EFFECTS OF DOWNCOMER DESIGN;196
32.8;GENERAL OBSERVATIONS;196
32.9;NOMENCLATURE;197
32.10;GREEK LETTERS;197
32.11;SUBSCRIPTS;197
32.12;ABBREVIATIONS;197
32.13;REFERENCES;197
33;CHAPTER 29. PARAMETRIC TRANSFER FUNCTIONS FOR BINARY TRAY-DISTILLATION COLUMNS;200
33.1;INTRODUCTION;200
33.2;2. SYSTEM EQUATIONS AND IDEALISATIONS;200
33.3;3. SOLVING FOR THE T.F.M.;202
33.4;4. PREDICTION OF COLUMN BEHAVIOUR;202
33.5;5. APPROXIMATE MULTIVARIABLE FIRST-ORDER LAG MODEL;203
33.6;6. CORRELATION WITH PILOT PLANT DATA;203
33.7;7. CONCLUSIONS;204
33.8;8. REFERENCES;204
34;CHAPTER 30. PARAMETRIC TRANSFER FUNCTIONS FOR PACKED BINARY DISTILLATION COLUMNS;206
34.1;1. INTRODUCTION;206
34.2;2. EQUILIBRIUM AND MATERIAL BALANCE FORMULATIONS;206
34.3;3. NORMALISATION;206
34.4;4. LARGE-SIGNAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS;207
34.5;5. STEADY-STATE SOLUTION;207
34.6;6. SMALL PERTURBATION EQUATIONS;207
34.7;8. BEHAVIOURAL PREDICTIONS;208
34.8;9. UNEQUAL VAPOUR AND LIQUID CAPACITANCE (c . 1.0);209
34.9;10. RECONCILING TRAY AND PACKED COLUMN BEHAVIOUR;209
34.10;11. CONCLUSIONS;209
34.11;REFERENCES;210
35;CHAPTER 31. ESTIMATION AND CONTROL OF DISTILLATION PRODUCT COMPOSITION USING TRAY TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS;214
35.1;INTRODUCTION;214
35.2;PROCESS DISTURBANCES;214
35.3;STATE-SPACE APPROACH;214
35.4;INPUT-OUTPUT BASED ESTIMATOR;215
35.5;SIMULATION STUDIES AND DISCUSSION;216
35.6;CONCLUSIONS;217
35.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;217
35.8;REFERENCES;217
36;CHAPTER 32. SIMULTANEOUS ADAPTIVE REGULATION OF TERMINAL COMPOSITIONS IN BINARY DISTILLATION;220
36.1;INTRODUCTION;220
36.2;SYSTEM REPRESENTATION AND SELFTUNING CONTROL;220
36.3;EXPERIMENTAL IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS;222
36.4;CONCLUSIONS;223
36.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;224
36.6;REFERENCES;224
37;CHAPTER 33. ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF DISTILLATION COLUMNS: A QUASI CLASSICAL APPROACH;226
37.1;1. INTRODUCTION;226
37.2;2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS VIA SPECTRAL FACTORIZATION;226
37.3;3. TOFA COLUMN;228
37.4;4. WAW0 COLWiN;229
37.5;5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS CONCERNING MODERN FREQUENCY DOMAIN APPROACH FOR ANALYSIS OF DISTILLATION COLUMNS;229
37.6;REFERENCES;229
38;CHAPTER 34. IDENTIFICATION OF PERIODIC CYCLED DISTILLATION FOR CONTROL PURPOSES;232
38.1;1. INTRODUCTION;232
38.2;2. DYNAMICS;233
38.3;3. IDENTIFICATION;233
38.4;4. CONTROL;234
38.5;5. DISCUSSION;234
38.6;6. CONCLUSION;234
38.7;REFERENCES;234
38.8;SYMBOLS;234
39;CHAPTER 35. CONTROL OF AN EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION PLANT;236
39.1;INTRODUCTION;236
39.2;EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION;236
39.3;SIMPLIFIED DYNAMIC MODEL;237
39.4;LEVEL CONTROL LOOPS;238
39.5;PROFILE POSITION CONTROL;238
39.6;IMPLEMENTATION;239
39.7;STARTUP AND OPERATION OF THE PILOT PLANT;239
39.8;CONCLUSION;241
39.9;REFERENCES;241
39.10;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;241
40;CHAPTER 36. COMPARISON OF THREE DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO THE SEMIBATCH DISTILLATION COLUMN CONTROL DESIGN;242
40.1;1. INTRODUCTION;242
40.2;2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCESS;243
40.3;3. CONTROL DESIGN;243
40.4;5. CONCLUSIONS;247
40.5;6. REFERENCES;247
41;CHAPTER 37. NON-INTERACTING CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN OF A DISTILLATION COLUMN BY THE PARTIAL MODEL MATCHING;248
41.1;INTRODUCTION;248
41.2;THE MERIT OF PARTIAL MODEL MATCHING;248
41.3;DESIGN PROCEDURE OF I-PD TYPE NON-INTERACTING CONTROLLER;249
41.4;SIMULATED DISTILLATION COLUMN;250
41.5;MODELING FOR CONTROLLER DESIGN;250
41.6;CONCLUSIONS;252
41.7;REFERENCES;253
42;CHAPTER 38. RELATIONS BETWEEN STEADY-STATE PROPERTIES OF DISTILLATION CONTROL SYSTEM STRUCTURES;254
42.1;INTRODUCTION;254
42.2;CONSISTENCY RELATIONS BETWEEN PROCESS GAINS;254
42.3;RELATIONS BETWEEN GAINS IN DIFFERENT CONTROL SCHEMES;256
42.4;APPLICATION TO PUBLISHED DATA;257
42.5;CONCLUSIONS;258
42.6;NOTATION;258
42.7;REFERENCES;258
43;CHAPTER 39. INDEPENDENT SINGLE-INPUT-SINGLE OUTPUT CONTROL SCHEMES FOR DUAL COMPOSITION CONTROL OF BINARY DISTILLATION COLUMNS;260
43.1;INTRODUCTION;260
43.2;INTERACTION MEASURE;260
43.3;EQUIVALENCE CRITERION;261
43.4;RGA INDEPENDENT CONTROL SCHEMES;262
43.5;FOR HIGH PURITY COLUMNS;262
43.6;CONCLUSIONS;263
43.7;NOTATION;263
43.8;REFERENCES;263
44;CHAPTER 40. THE JACOBI EIGENVALUE CRITERION: A DYNAMIC EXTENSION AND STABILITY THEOREM;266
44.1;INTRODUCTION;266
44.2;THE JACOBI EIGENVALUE CRITERION;266
44.3;DYNAMIC EXTENSION OF THE JACOBI EIGENVALUE CRITERION;267
44.4;THE JACOBI EIGENVALUE CRITERION AND SYSTEM STABILITY;268
44.5;THE JACOBI EIGENVALUE CRITERION AND WEAK COUPLING MEASURES;268
44.6;EXAMPLES;269
44.7;CONCLUSIONS;270
44.8;REFERENCES;270
45;CHAPTER 41. CONTROL OF A DISTILLATION COLUMN WITH A HEAT PUMP;272
45.1;INTRODUCTION;272
45.2;STRUCTURES OF DISTILLATION SYSTEM WITH HEAT PUMP;272
45.3;MOVABLE REGION OF MANIPULATIVE VARIABLES;274
45.4;DYNAMIC MODEL AND DYNAMICS;275
45.5;CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN AND THEIR PERFORMANCE;275
45.6;CONCLUSION;277
45.7;REFERENCES;277
46;CHAPTER 42. DYNAMICS AND CONTROL OF AN ADIABATIC FIXED BED REACTOR WITH VARYING CATALYST ACTIVITY;278
46.1;INTRODUCTION;278
46.2;REACTOR SETUP AND REACTOR DYNAMICS;278
46.3;ADAPTIVE CONTROL DESIGN;282
46.4;EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;282
46.5;CONCLUSIONS;283
46.6;REFERENCES;283
47;CHAPTER 43. ESTIMATION OF THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF A FIXED-BED REACTOR THROUGH FILTERING;284
47.1;INTRODUCTION;284
47.2;REACTOR MODEL;285
47.3;FILTER DESIGN;285
47.4;IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS;286
47.5;CONCLUSIONS;287
47.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;287
47.7;REFERENCES;287
48;CHAPTER 44. MODEL REDUCTION FOR NONLINEAR SYSTEMS WITH DISTRIBUTED PARAMETERS;290
48.1;INTRODUCTION;290
48.2;PHENOMENOLOGY;291
48.3;MATHEMATICAL MODELLING;292
48.4;STRUCTURE ANALYSIS;293
48.5;APPLICATION;294
48.6;CONCLUSION;295
48.7;REFERENCES;295
49;CHAPTER 45. MULTIVARIABLE CONTROL OF A CATALYTIC TUBULAR REACTOR USING BOTH WIENER-HOPF CONTROLLER DESIGN AND INTERNAL MODEL CONTROLLER DESIGN APPROACHES;296
49.1;1. INTRODUCTION;296
49.2;2. MULTIVARIATE CONTROL;296
49.3;3. PILOT PLANT REACTOR SYSTEM;298
49.4;4. MODEL IDENTIFICATION;299
49.5;5. CONTROL STUDIES;300
49.6;6. CONCLUSIONS;301
49.7;REFERENCES;301
50;CHAPTER 46. DESIGN AND CONTROL OF TUBULAR AUTOTHERMAL REACTORS: AN EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH;306
50.1;1. INTRODUCTION;306
50.2;2. CONFIGURATION IDENTIFICATION;306
50.3;3. PHASE PLANE ANALYSIS;306
50.4;4. STRUCTURAL DOMINANCE ANALYSIS;307
50.5;5. PROPOSED REACTOR DESIGN;308
50.6;6. CONTROLLER DESIGN;309
50.7;7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;309
50.8;REFERENCES;310
51;CHAPTER 47. ON THE DYNAMICS OF A BENCH-SCALE CALORIMETER;312
51.1;INTRODUCTION;312
51.2;CALORIMETER MODELLING;313
51.3;MODEL VALIDATION;314
51.4;PARAMETER AND STATE ESTIMATION;315
51.5;CONCLUSIONS;316
51.6;REFERENCES;316
51.7;NOMENCLATURE;316
52;CHAPTER 48. A NEW APPROACH FOR PARAMETER ESTIMATION APPLICATION TO HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS;318
52.1;INTRODUCTION;318
52.2;METHODOLOGY;318
52.3;CHEMICAL REACTION EXAMPLE;320
52.4;DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS;323
52.5;Acknowledgement;323
52.6;REFERENCES;323
53;CHAPTER 49. FAST ADAPTIVE CONTROL ALGORITHMS IN pH MEASUREMENT;324
53.1;INTRODUCTION;324
53.2;NUMERICAL ANALYSIS PRELIMINARIES;324
53.3;ADAPTIVE CONTROL FOR pH MEASUREMENT;325
53.4;CONCLUSION;326
53.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;326
53.6;REFERENCES;326
54;CHAPTER 50. DESIGN OF A MULTIVARIABLE SELF-TUNING CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS;328
54.1;INTRODUCTION;328
54.2;OPTIMAL SELF-TUNER;329
54.3;MODIFIED SELF-TUNER;329
54.4;DISCUSSION OF RESULTS;331
54.5;CONCLUSIONS;332
54.6;REFERENCES;332
54.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;332
55;CHAPTER 51. AN ADAPTIVE SYSTEM WITH AN IDENTIFIER (ASI) FOR CONTROL OF THE TEMPERATURE PROFILE IN A TUBULAR REACTOR;334
55.1;PRODUCTION OF MALEIC ANHYDRIDE;334
55.2;BASIC CONTROL LOOP;335
55.3;CONTROL ALGORITHMS;335
55.4;REFERENCES;336
56;AUTHOR INDEX;338