Introducing Stratigraphy

Erscheinungsjahr 2019
ISBN: 978-1-78046-022-2
Verlag: Liverpool University Press

Buch, Englisch, 144 Seiten, Paperback, Format (B × H): 216 mm x 217 mm, Gewicht: 426 g

Reihe: Introducing Earth and Environmental Sciences

Stratigraphy is the branch of geology which studies rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification).Stratigraphy deals primarily with sedimentary rocks but also embraces layered igneous rocks where layers result from successive lava flows.A common goal of stratigraphic studies is the interpretation of sequences of rock strata, thus understanding the time relationships involved, and correlating units of the sequence with rock strata elsewhere. Nicholas Steno described four principles of stratigraphy in the seventeenth century, including the law of superposition which states that states that, in undeformed stratigraphic sequences, the oldest strata will be at the bottom of the sequence. These ideas still underpin modern stratigraphy which is governed by The International Commission on Stratigraphy. Its primary objective is to precisely define global units (systems, series, and stages) of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart that, in turn, are the basis for the units (periods, epochs, and age) of the International Geologic Time Scale.Stratigraphy has application in many scientific fields, including archaeology, palaeontology and in the search for natural resources. This succinct and accessible introduction to stratigraphy will prove helpful to students and amateur geologists alike.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Lyle, Paul

Fachgebiete

• Geowissenschaften Geologie Stratigraphie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Acknowledgements. Introduction. What is stratigraphy? Definitions and branches: lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy; Applications: why is it important? Historical developments: cross-cutting depositional relationships, the sedimentary sequence & Walther's law, gradualism versus actualism, units in geochronology and stratigraphy, building the stratigraphic chart. The Role of the International Commission on Stratigraphy. Global sratotype sections and points (GSSPs); the Anthropocene. Quantification of dates and rates: radiometric age dating methods, the geological time scale, the age of the earth, earth cycles, magnetostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, event stratigraphy - examples of catastrophic events. Seismic stratigraphy: advent of seismic data, use of reflector terminations, use of seismic stratigraphy in basin analysis, sequence stratigraphy and systems tracts, sea level charts. Biostratigraphy: microfossils in biostratigraphy, macrofossils in biostratigraphy, biostratrigraphy in industry. Glossary. Further reading/ Websites

Über Autor(innen)

Paul Lyle has retired from his post as a lecturer in geology at the University of Ulster at Jordanstown and devotes his time to writing on geological issues. His previous book for Dunedin, The Abyss of Time, won the ASE Science Book of the Year Award 2016.