Liquid Crystal Displays

Addressing Schemes and Electro-Optical Effects
2. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-0-470-74519-9
Verlag: Wiley

Buch, Englisch, 516 Seiten, Format (B × H): 173 mm x 249 mm, Gewicht: 980 g

Reihe: Wiley Series in Display Technology

In this second edition of Liquid Crystal Displays, Ernst Lueder provides a timely update to his successful text. His unique combination of theory and practice presents all the information required for the development and manufacture of modern high performance and energy saving LCDs. The author also strives for an easy to understand description of complex facts.

The second edition focuses on a variety of liquid crystal cells and their electronic addressing, and outlines new developments including:

* High performance VA cells, especially for TV, due to two subpixels with excellent gamma-correction also at oblique viewing
* Short optical response times in the range of 1 ms also for inter-gray transitions due to novel addressing waveforms
* Fringe field switching for acceleration of rise and decay of luminance eliminating frame memories
* Reduction of motion blur by scanning backlights, high frequency frames, edge enhancement and motion blur modeling
* Very thin LCDs with power saving LED backlights exhibiting unmatched color purity and larger than NTSC color gamut
* Printed layers on hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas replacing photolithography

Practicing electrical engineers, physicists, chemists and display specialists will find this a valuable resource. Researchers will appreciate the practical guidance given for the design of improved LCDs, whilst students are provided with a useful overview of the field.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Lueder, Ernst

Fachgebiete

• Technische Wissenschaften Technik Allgemein Technische Optik, Lasertechnologie
• Naturwissenschaften Physik Elektromagnetismus Optik
• Technische Wissenschaften Elektronik | Nachrichtentechnik Elektronik Halb- und Supraleitertechnologie
• Naturwissenschaften Physik Elektromagnetismus Halbleiter- und Supraleiterphysik
• Technische Wissenschaften Maschinenbau | Werkstoffkunde Technische Mechanik | Werkstoffkunde Materialwissenschaft: Elektronik, Optik
• Technische Wissenschaften Elektronik | Nachrichtentechnik Elektronik Elektronische Baugruppen, Elektronische Materialien
• Technische Wissenschaften Sonstige Technologien | Angewandte Technik Angewandte Optik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Foreword

Preface to the First Edition

Preface to the Second Edition

About the Author

1 Introduction

2 Liquid Crystal Materials and Liquid Crystal Cells

2.1 Properties of Liquid Crystals

3 Electro-optic Effects in Untwisted Nematic Liquid Crystals

3.1 The Planar and Harmonic Wave of Light

3.2 Propagation of Polarized Light in Birefringent Untwisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells

4 Electro-optic Effects in Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystals

4.1 The Propagation of Polarized Light in Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells

4.2 The Various Types of TN Cells

4.3 Electronically Controlled Birefringence for the Generation of Colour

5 Descriptions of Polarization

5.1 The Characterizations of Polarization

5.2 A Differential Equation for the Propagation of Polarized Light through Anisotropic Media

5.3 Special Cases for Propagation of Light

6 Propagation of Light with an Arbitrary Incident Angle through Anisotropic Media

6.1 Basic Equations for the Propagation of Light

6.2 Enhancement of the Performance of LC Cells

6.3 Electro-optic Effects with Wide Viewing Angle

6.4 Multidomain VA Cells, Especially for TV

6.5 Polarizers with Increased Luminous Output

6.6 Two Non-birefringent Foils

7 Modified Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays

7.1 Polymer Dispersed LCDs (PDLCDs)

7.2 Guest-Host Displays

8 Bistable Liquid Crystal Displays

8.1 Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays (FLCDs)

8.2 Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays

8.3 Bistable Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays

9 Continuously Light Modulating Ferroelectric Displays

9.1 Deformed Helix Ferroelectric Devices

9.2 Antiferroelectric LCDs

10 Addressing Schemes for Liquid Crystal Displays

11 Direct Addressing

12 Passive Matrix Addressing of TN Displays

12.1 The Basic Addressing Scheme and the Law of Alt and Pleshko

12.2 Implementation of PM Addressing

12.3 Multiple Line Addressing

12.4 Two Frequency Driving of PMLCDs

13 Passive Matrix Addressing of Bistable Displays

13.1 Addressing of Ferroelectric LCDs

13.2 Addressing of Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays

14 Addressing of Liquid Crystal Displays with a-Si Thin Film Transistors (a-Si-TFTs)

14.1 Properties of a-Si Thin Film Transistors

14.2 Static Operation of TFTs in an LCD

14.3 The Dynamics of Switching by TFTs

14.4 Bias-Temperature Stress Test of TFTs

14.5 Drivers for AMLCDs

14.6 The Entire Addressing System

14.7 Layouts of Pixels with TFT Switches

14.8 Fabrication Processes of a-Si TFTs

14.9 Addressing of VA Displays

14.10 Motion Blur

14.11 The Optical Response of a VA Cell

14.12 Reduction of the Optical Response Time by a Special Addressing Waveform

15 Addressing of LCDs with Poly Si-TFTs

15.1 Fabrication Steps for Top-Gate and Bottom-Gate Poly-Si TFTs

15.2 Laser Crystallization by Scanning or Large Area Anneal

15.3 Lightly Doped Drains for Poly-Si TFTs

15.4 The Kink Effect and its Suppression

15.5 Circuits with Poly-Si TFTs

16 Liquid Crystal on Silicon Displays

16.1 Fabrication of LCOS with DRAM-Type Analog Addressing

16.2 SRAM-Type Digital Addressing of LCOS

16.3 Microdisplays Using LCOS Technology

17 Addressing of Liquid Crystal Displays with Metal-Insulator-Metal Pixel Switches

18 Addressing of LCDs with Two-Terminal Devices and Optical, Plasma, Laser and e-beam Techniques

19 Components of LCD Cells

19.1 Additive Colours Generated by Absorptive Photosensitive Pigmented Colour Filters

19.2 Additive and Subtractive Colours Generated by Reflective Dichroic Colour Filters

19.3 Colour Generation by Three Stacked Displays

19.4 LED Backlights

19.5 Cell Assembly

20 Projectors with Liquid Crystal Light Valves

20.1 Single Transmissive Light Valve Systems

20.2 Systems with Three Light Valves

20.3 Projectors with Two LC Light Valves

20.4 A Rear Projector with One or Three Light Valves

20.5 A Projector with Three Optically Addressed Light Valves

21 Liquid Crystal Displays with Plastic Substrates

21.1 Advantages of Plastic Substrates

21.2 Plastic Substrates and their Properties

21.3 Barrier Layers for Plastic Substrates

21.4 Thermo-Mechanical Problems with Plastics

21.5 Fabrication of TFTs and MIMs at low Process Temperatures

22 Printing of Layers for LC-Cells

22.1 Printing Technologies

22.2 Surface Properties for Printing

22.3 Printing of Components for Displays

22.4 Cell Building by Lamination

Appendix 1: Formats of Flat Panel Displays

Appendix 2: Optical Units of Displays

Appendix 3: Properties of Polarized Light

References

Index