Organic Crop Breeding

1. Auflage 2012
ISBN: 978-0-470-95858-2
Verlag: Wiley

Buch, Englisch, 312 Seiten, Format (B × H): 175 mm x 250 mm, Gewicht: 716 g

Organic Crop Breeding provides readers with a thorough review of the latest efforts by crop breeders and geneticists to develop improved varieties for organic production. The book opens with chapters looking at breeding efforts that focus on specific valuable traits such as quality, pest and disease resistance as well as the impacts improved breeding efforts can have on organic production. The second part of the book is a series of crop specific case studies that look at breeding efforts currently underway from around the world in crops ranging from carrots to corn. Organic Crop Breeding includes chapters from leading researchers in the field and is carefully edited by two pioneers in the field.

Organic Crop Breeding provides valuable insight for crop breeders, geneticist, crop science professionals, researchers, and advanced students in this quickly emerging field.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Lammerts van Bueren, Edith

Lammerts van Bueren, Edith T

Myers, James R

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Agrarwissenschaften Agrarwissenschaften Nachhaltige Landwirtschaft
• Naturwissenschaften Agrarwissenschaften Agrarwissenschaften Ökologische Landwirtschaft
• Naturwissenschaften Agrarwissenschaften Ackerbaukunde, Pflanzenbau Nutzpflanzen: Biologie, Genetik, Pflanzenzüchtung
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Botanik Pflanzenreproduktion, Verbreitung, Genetik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Contributors

Foreword

William F. Tracy

Preface

Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren and James R. Myers

Acknowledgments

Section 1 General Topics Related to Organic Plant Breeding

Chapter 1 Organic Crop Breeding: Integrating Organic Agricultural Approaches and Traditional and Modern Plant Breeding Methods

Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren and James R. Myers

Introduction

How Different Are Organic Farming Systems?

Consequences for Cultivar Requirements

From Cultivar Evaluation to Organic Seed Production and Plant Breeding Programs

The History of Organic Crop Breeding in Europe and the United States

Perspectives and Challenges for Breeding for Organic Agriculture

Conclusion

References

Chapter 2 Nutrient Management in Organic Farming and Consequences for Direct and Indirect Selection Strategies

Monika Messmer, Isabell Hildermann, Kristian Thorup-Kristensen, and Zed Rengel

Introduction

Availability of Nutrients in Organic Farming

Roots: The Hidden Potential

Even Greater Complexity: Plant-Microbe-Soil Interactions

Importance of Selection Environments

Breeding Strategies

References

Chapter 3 Pest and Disease Management in Organic Farming: Implications and Inspirations for Plant Breeding

Thomas F. D¨oring, Marco Pautasso, Martin S. Wolfe, and Maria R. Finckh

Introduction

Plant Protection in Organic Farming

Key Target Areas of Plant Breeding for Organic Plant Protection

Breeding Goals for Ecological Plant Protection

Plant Breeding Approaches Directly Targeting Pests or Diseases

Plant Breeding Approaches with Indirect Effects on Plant Health

Discussion and Conclusions

References

Chapter 4 Approaches to Breed for Improved Weed Suppression in Organically Grown Cereals

Steve P. Hoad, Nils-Øve Bertholdsson, Daniel Neuhoff, and Ulrich K¨opke

Background

Crop Competitiveness Against Weeds

Crop Traits Involved in Weed Suppression

Selection of Traits and Their Evaluation in Plant Breeding Programs

Selection Strategies

Understanding Crop-Weed Interactions to Assist Plant Breeding

Concluding Remarks and Wider Perspectives

References

Chapter 5 Breeding for Genetically Diverse Populations: Variety Mixtures and Evolutionary Populations

Julie C. Dawson and Isabelle Goldringer

Introduction

Benefits of Genetic Diversity for Organic Agriculture

On-Farm Conservation of Useful Genetic Diversity

Breeding Strategies

Conclusion

References

Chapter 6 Centralized or Decentralized Breeding: The Potentials of Participatory Approaches for Low-Input and Organic Agriculture

Dominique Desclaux, Salvatore Ceccarelli, John Navazio, Micaela Coley, Gilles Trouche, Silvio Aguirre, Eva Weltzien, and Jacques Lanc¸on

Introduction

Centralized and Decentralized Breeding: Definitions

What Can Be Decentralized in Breeding and Why?

Participatory Approaches

PPB: A Single Term Yielding Different Approaches

Some Examples of PPB for Organic and Low Input Agriculture in Southern Countries

Some Examples of PPB for Organic and Low Input Agriculture in Northern Countries

General Conclusions and Limits of PPB Approaches in Organic Farming

References

Chapter 7 Values and Principles in Organic Farming and Consequences for Breeding Approaches and Techniques

Klaus P. Wilbois, Brian Baker, Maaike Raaijmakers, and Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren

Introduction

Arguments Against Genetic Engineering

Organic Basic Principles

Toward Organic Breeding

From Values to Criteria: Evaluation of Breeding Techniques

How to Deal with Varieties Bred with Non-compliant Techniques?

Toward Appropriate Standards to Promote Organic Plant Breeding

Discussion and Challenges for Organic Plant Breeding

References

Chapter 8 Plant Breeding, Variety Release, and Seed Commercialization: Laws and Policies Applied to the Organic Sector

Veronique Chable, Niels Louwaars, Kristina Hubbard, Brian Baker, and Riccardo Bocci

Über Autor(innen)

Lammerts van Bueren, Edith
Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren holds an endowed chair at Wageningen University as Professor of Organic Plant Breeding and senior researcher Organic Plant Breeding at the Louis Bolk Institute in the Netherlands.

Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren holds an endowed chair at Wageningen University as Professor of Organic Plant Breeding and senior researcher Organic Plant Breeding at the Louis Bolk Institute in the Netherlands.

James R. Myers is the Baggett-Frazier Professor of Vegetable Breeding and Genetics in the Department of Horticulture at Oregon State University.