Lamers / Khamzina / Rudenko | Restructuring land allocation, water use and agricultural value chains | E-Book | sack.de
E-Book

E-Book, Englisch, 388 Seiten

Lamers / Khamzina / Rudenko Restructuring land allocation, water use and agricultural value chains

Technologies, policies and practices for the lower Amudarya region
1. Auflage 2015
ISBN: 978-3-8470-0297-0
Verlag: V&R unipress
Format: PDF
 Kopierschutz: 0 - No protection

Technologies, policies and practices for the lower Amudarya region

E-Book, Englisch, 388 Seiten

ISBN: 978-3-8470-0297-0
Verlag: V&R unipress
Format: PDF
 Kopierschutz: 0 - No protection

Central Asia underwent an agricultural transformation in the 20th century that was neither efficient nor sustainable. There is a need for innovations that will remedy these deficits by reversing environmental degradation and ensuring poverty alleviation. This book provides science-based findings and recommendations for restructuring land and water use and agricultural value chains to enable ecologically and economically sound practices that increase resource use efficiency, rehabilitate ecosystem functions, and enhance rural incomes. Innovations were designed in concert with stakeholders. The prospective benefits are shown for the Khorezm region, part of the lower Amudarya region, Uzbekistan, but the findings can be extrapolated to regions facing similar agro-ecological challenges.

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Autoren/Hrsg.

Khamzina, Asia
Rudenko, Inna
Lamers, John P. A.
Vlek, Paul L. G.

Fachgebiete

Weitere Infos & Material

1;Title Page;3
2;Copyright;4
3;Table of Contents;5
4;Body;9
5;Foreword (Dr. Georg Schütte);9
6;Foreword (Ruzumbay Eshchanov);11
7;Section 1: Introduction;13
8;Paul L. G. Vlek, John P. A. Lamers, Asia Khamzina, Inna Rudenko, Christopher Martius, Bernhard Tischbein, Ruzumbay Eshchanov: Restructuring land allocation, water use and agricultural value chains. Technologies, policies and practices for the lower Amudarya region;15
8.1;Abstract;15
9;1.1 Introduction;16
10;1.2 The ZEF/UNESCO project in Khorezm;17
11;1.3 Overview of this book;19
11.1;1.3.1 Part 2: Production systems;19
11.2;1.3.2 Part 3: Natural resources management ;21
11.3;1.3.3 Part 4: Production and resource economics;24
11.4;1.3.4 Part 5: Society, policy and institutions;26
11.5;1.3.5 Part 6: Conclusions;27
12;References;28
13;Section 2: Production Systems;31
14;Nodir Djanibekov, Ihtiyor Bobojonov, Kristof Van Assche, Inna Rudenko, Kudrat Nurmetov, John P. A. Lamers: 2.1 Farm restructuring in Uzbekistan through fragmentation to consolidation;33
14.1;Abstract;33
15;2.1.1 Introduction;33
16;2.1.2 Process of farm restructuring in Uzbekistan;34
16.1;2.1.2.1 First three stages of farm restructuring;34
16.2;2.1.2.2 Fourth stage: “Consolidation” (end of 2008 until today);36
17;2.1.3 Farm sizes and productivity;38
18;2.1.4 Summary and conclusions;42
19;References;43
20;Alexandra Conliffe: 2.2 Geography Matters: Understanding Smallholder Livelihoods in Rural Khorezm;45
20.1;Abstract;45
21;2.2.1 Introduction;46
22;2.2.2 Natural resource access in Khorezm;47
23;2.2.3 Research Design;49
23.1;2.2.3.1 Research Sites;49
23.2;2.2.3.2 Research Methods;50
24;2.2.4 Results and discussion;50
24.1;2.2.4.1 General Overview;50
24.2;2.2.4.2 Cropping;52
24.3;2.2.4.3 Entrepreneurship;55
24.4;2.2.4.4 Migration;57
25;2.2.5 Conclusions;59
26;References;60
27;Krishna P. Devkota, Ahmad M. Manschadi, John P. A. Lamers, Erkin Ruzibaev, Mina K. Devkota, Oybek Egamberdiev, Raj K. Gupta, Paul L. G. Vlek: 2.3 Exploring innovations to sustain rice production in Central Asia: A case study from the Khorezm region of Uzbekistan;63
27.1;Abstract;63
28;2.3.1 Background;64
29;2.3.2 Materials and methods;65
29.1;2.3.2.1 Khorezm region;65
29.2;2.3.2.2 Experimental site;65
29.2.1;2.3.2.2.1 Experiment I;65
29.2.2;2.3.2.2.2 Experiment II;66
29.2.3;2.3.2.2.3 Experiment III;66
29.2.4;2.3.2.2.4 Experiment IV;66
30;2.3.3 Results;67
30.1;2.3.3.1 Experiment I: Water application and yield of rice under conservation agriculture technologies combined with water-saving irrigation;67
30.2;2.3.3.2 Experiment II: Direct seeded vs. transplanted rice;68
30.3;2.3.3.3 Experiment III: Performance of local rice varieties;68
30.4;2.3.3.4 Experiment IV: Phenological development of rice varieties seeded at different dates;69
31;2.3.4 Discussion;72
31.1;2.3.4.1 Conservation agriculture technologies combined with water saving irrigation;72
31.1.1;2.3.4.1.1 Direct seeded vs. transplanted rice;73
31.1.2;2.3.4.1.2 Suitable rice varieties;73
31.1.3;2.3.4.1.3 Planting time;73
32;2.3.5 Conclusions;74
33;References;75
34;Inna Rudenko, John P. A. Lamers, Utkur Djanibekov, Sanjar Davletov: 2.4 Virtual water along the Uzbek cotton value chain;77
34.1;Abstract;77
35;2.4.1 Introduction;78
36;2.4.2 Materials and methods;79
36.1;2.4.2.1 Study site;79
36.2;2.4.2.2 Calculation of value added and virtual water content;79
36.3;2.4.2.3 Data collection;80
37;2.4.3 Results;81
37.1;2.4.3.1 Cotton Value Chain: From raw cotton to textile products;81
37.2;2.4.3.2 Cotton Value Chain: Value added and virtual water of cotton products;82
38;2.4.4 Discussion;83
39;2.4.5 Conclusions;86
40;References;86
41;Section 3: Natural Resource Management;89
42;Bernhard Tischbein, Usman Khalid Awan, Fazlullah Akhtar, Pulatbay Kamalov, Ahmad M. Manschadi: 3.1 Improving irrigation efficiency in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya River;91
42.1;Abstract;91
43;3.1.1 Current situation of water use in Khorezm;92
44;3.1.2 Analyzing the irrigation performance in the WCA Shomakhulum;96
44.1;3.1.2.1 Delivery performance ratio (DPR);96
44.2;3.1.2.2 Relative evapotranspiration (RET);96
44.3;3.1.2.3 Depleted fraction (DF);97
44.4;3.1.2.4 Drainage ratio (DR);97
44.5;3.1.2.5 Irrigation efficiencies;98
45;3.1.3 Causes of current problems;99
45.1;3.1.3.1 Inappropriate information on site-specific and time-dependent irrigation requirements at field level;99
45.2;3.1.3.2 Insufficient measures to optimize the application process;99
45.3;3.1.3.3 Shortcomings in the irrigation network operations on the field and irrigation network level;100
45.4;3.1.3.4 Infrastructure and maintenance deficits;100
45.5;3.1.3.5 Institutional and economic context;100
46;3.1.4 Approaches and tools for improving irrigation efficiency;101
46.1;3.1.4.1 Linking irrigation scheduling and groundwater models;101
46.1.1;3.1.4.1.1 Refining the irrigation scheduling model with respect to deficit irrigation;102
46.2;3.1.4.2 Deriving measures to improve the application process;102
46.3;3.1.4.3 Improving operation of the network;102
46.4;3.1.4.4 Decentralized reservoirs;103
47;3.1.5 Achievements and case studies;104
48;3.1.6 Conclusions;105
49;References;106
50;Mirzakhayot Ibrakhimov, Bernhard Tischbein, Usman Khalid Awan: 3.2 Knowledge on groundwater – A prerequisite for water management in Khorezm;109
50.1;Abstract;109
51;3.2.1 Introduction;110
52;3.2.2 Spatio-temporal behavior of groundwater in Khorezm and factors influencing the groundwater table;110
52.1;3.2.2.1 Spatio-temporal behavior of groundwater table and salinity;110
52.2;3.2.2.2 Khorezm-wide analyses of factors influencing the groundwater table;111
52.3;3.2.2.3 GW monitoring: the influence of water management on the spatio-temporal behavior of GW at small scale;112
53;3.2.3 Modeling of the GW behavior in the WCA Shomakhulum;114
53.1;3.2.3.1 Parameterizing of FEFLOW;115
53.2;3.2.3.2 Hydro-geological constellation; characteristics governing the flow from cross-sections;115
53.3;3.2.3.3 Boundary conditions;115
53.4;3.2.3.4. Water balancing approach and the irrigation efficiency concept for estimating the groundwater recharge;116
54;3.2.4 Results;117
54.1;3.2.4.1 Result 1: Spatial mapping of groundwater table by FEFLOW;117
54.2;3.2.4.2 Result 2: Modeled temporal behavior of the groundwater;117
54.3;3.2.4.3 Results 3: Impact of raising irrigation efficiency on the groundwater table;118
55;3.2.5 Using groundwater information for water management;118
56;References;119
57;Akmal Akramkhanov, Bernhard Tischbein, Usman Khalid Awan: 3.3 Effective management of soil salinity – revising leaching norms;121
57.1;Abstract;121
58;3.3.1 Current situation;122
59;3.3.2 Shortcomings of current soil salinity management strategies;123
60;3.3.3 Integrated management of soil salinity;126
61;3.3.4 Advanced monitoring of soil salinity;127
62;3.3.5 Detailed modeling;128
63;3.3.6 Recommendations for improving the current strategy;129
64;3.3.7 Outlook;132
65;References;132
66;Alexander Tupitsa, John P. A. Lamers, Asia Khamzina, Evgeniy Botman, Martin Worbes, Christopher Martius, Paul L. G. Vlek: 3.4 Adaptation of photogrammetry for tree hedgerow and windbreak assessment in the irrigated croplands of the Khorezm region;135
66.1;Abstract;135
67;3.4.1 Introduction;136
68;3.4.2 Materials and methods;137
68.1;3.4.2.1 Study area;137
68.2;3.4.2.2 Photogrammetric assessment;138
69;3.4.3 Results;140
69.1;3.4.3.1 Verification of photogrammetric technique;140
69.2;3.4.3.2 Hedgerow/windbreak assessment;141
70;3.4.4 Discussion;144
70.1;3.4.4.1 Verification of photogrammetric technique for windbreak assessment;144
70.2;3.4.4.2 Windbreak function of the hedgerows;145
71;3.4.5 Conclusions and recommendations;146
72;References;147
73;Dilfuza Djumaeva, John P. A. Lamers, Asia Khamzina, Shirin Babajanova, Ruzumbay Eshchanov, Paul L. G. Vlek: 3.5 Nitrogen fixation by trees with P-fertilization enhances growth and carbon sequestration in degraded irrigated croplands;153
73.1;Abstract;153
74;3.5.1 Afforesting marginalized, irrigated croplands in Central Asia: state of the art;154
75;3.5.2 Relative growth rates of trees;155
76;3.5.3 Financial considerations of BNF quantification methods;157
77;3.5.4 Carbon sequestration in trees following P applications;159
78;3.5.5 Overall discussion and conclusions;161
79;References;163
80;Sebastian Fritsch, Christopher Conrad, Teresa Dürbeck, Gunther Schorcht: 3.6 Mapping marginal land in Khorezm using GIS and remote sensing techniques;167
80.1;Abstract;167
81;3.6.1 Conceptualization of land marginality in irrigated crop production systems;168
82;3.6.2 Multi-criteria analysis for mapping marginal land;169
82.1;3.6.2.1 Methodology overview;169
82.2;3.6.2.2 Input data selection and preparation;170
82.3;3.6.2.3 Reclassification and weighing of data layers;172
82.4;3.6.2.4 Evaluation of results;172
83;3.6.3 Spatial distribution of marginal land and policy implications;173
84;3.6.4 Conclusions;176
85;References;176
86;Elena N. Ginatullina, Laurel Saito, Lisa Atwell, Diana B. Shermetova, Dilorom Fayzieva, John P. A. Lamers, Sudeep Chandra, Margaret Shanafield: 3.7 Water chemistry and zooplankton communities in drainage lakes in downstream Amu Darya, Central Asia;179
86.1;Abstract;179
87;3.7.1 Introduction;180
88;3.7.2 Materials and Methods;182
88.1;3.7.2.1 Study sites;182
88.2;3.7.2.2 Sample collection;183
89;3.7.3 Results;184
89.1;3.7.3.1 Hydrochemistry;184
89.2;3.7.3.2 Temperature conditions;185
89.3;3.7.3.3 Zooplankton;185
90;3.7.4 Discussion;191
91;3.7.5 Summary and Conclusions;193
92;Acknowledgments;194
93;References;194
94;Section 4: Production and Resource Economics;197
95;Maksud Bekchanov, John P. A. Lamers, Christopher Martius: 4.1 Coping with water scarcity in the irrigated lowlands of the lower Amudarya basin, Central Asia;199
95.1;Abstract;199
96;4.1.1 Introduction;200
97;4.1.2 Methodology;202
97.1;4.1.2.1 Selection of `water-wise' innovations;202
97.2;4.1.2.2 Assumptions on the adoptability of `water-wise' innovations;202
97.3;4.1.2.3 Technological and socio-economic efficiency of water-wise options;205
97.4;4.1.2.4 Marginal water profitability curves;206
98;4.1.3 Results and discussion;208
98.1;4.1.3.1 Implementation area and total water use reduction potential of water-wise options;208
98.2;4.1.3.2 Prioritizing water-wise options according to marginal water profitability and overall water use reduction potential;210
99;4.1.4 Conclusions;213
100;References;214
101;Anik Bhaduri, Nodir Djanibekov: 4.2 Potential Water Price Flexibility, Tenure Uncertainty and Cotton Restrictions on Adoption of Efficient Irrigation Technology in Uzbekistan;217
101.1;Abstract;217
102;4.2.1 Introduction;217
103;4.2.2 Model;220
104;4.2.3 Results and discussion;224
105;4.2.4 Conclusions;228
106;References;229
107;Aziz A. Karimov, Miguel Niño-Zarazúa: 4.3 Assessing Efficiency of input Utilization in Wheat Production in Uzbekistan;231
107.1;Abstract;231
108;4.3.1 Background;231
109;4.3.2 Methodological Approach;233
109.1;4.3.2.1 Estimation of Technical Efficiency via a Double Bootstrapping Procedure;234
109.2;4.3.2.2 Scale Efficiency Estimation;235
110;4.3.3 Data;236
111;4.3.4 Results and Discussion;239
111.1;4.3.4.1. Scale Efficiency;242
111.2;4.3.4.2 Factors explaining differences in technical efficiencies;244
112;4.3.5 Concluding Remarks;248
113;References;249
114;V. S. Saravanan, Mehmood Ul-Hassan, Benjamin Schraven: 4.4 Irrigation water management in Uzbekistan: analyzing the capacity of households to improve water use profitability;253
114.1;Abstract;253
115;4.4.1 Irrigation management institutions in Uzbekistan;254
116;4.4.2 Water Profitability: A Network of Factors;257
117;4.4.3 Context and Setting;259
118;4.4.4 Methodology;261
119;4.4.5 Findings;263
119.1;4.4.5.1 Household Farmers;263
119.2;4.4.5.2 Commercial Farmers;265
120;4.4.6 Discussion and Conclusions;267
121;References;269
122;Yadira Mori Clement, Anik Bhaduri, Nodir Djanibekov: 4.5 Food price fluctuations in Uzbekistan: Evidences from local markets in 2002–2010;275
122.1;Abstract;275
123;4.5.1 Introduction;276
124;4.5.2 Material and methods;278
125;4.5.3 Results and discussion;281
125.1;4.5.3.1 Evolution of food prices over time;281
125.2;4.5.3.2 Interdependencies and relations;286
126;4.5.4 Summary and conclusions;291
127;References;293
128;Data sources;294
129;Section 5: Society, Policy and Institutions;295
130;Bekchanov Maksud, John P. A. Lamers, Kudrat Nurmetov: 5.1 Economic incentives for adopting irrigation innovations in arid environments;297
130.1;Abstract;297
131;5.1.1 Introduction;298
132;5.1.2 Agriculture and water use and supply in Khorezm;300
133;5.1.3 Methodology;301
133.1;5.1.3.1 Data Sources;301
133.2;5.1.3.2 Hydro-economic model;301
133.3;5.1.3.3 Scenarios;303
134;5.1.4 Results;304
134.1;5.1.4.1 Scenario 1: Water availability impact;304
134.2;5.1.4.2 Scenario 2: Water pricing impact;306
134.3;5.1.4.3 Scenario 3: Irrigation investment impact;306
135;5.1.5 Discussion;309
136;5.1.6 Conclusions;311
137;References;311
138;Anastasiya Shtaltovna, Anna-Katharina Hornidge, Peter P. Mollinga: 5.2 Caught in a Web – Travails of a Machine Tractor Park in Khorezm, Uzbekistan;317
138.1;Abstract;317
139;5.2.1 Introduction;318
140;5.2.2 Methodology;318
141;5.2.3 Agrarian change and rural transformation;320
142;5.2.4 The machine tractor park – a case study;321
143;5.2.5 Internal governance practices and relationships;324
144;5.2.6 The MTP and its service recipients;327
145;5.2.7 The MTP and the State;329
146;5.2.8 The MTP and public service providers;333
147;5.2.9 Concluding discussion;334
148;References;337
149;Anna-Katharina Hornidge, Mehmood Ul-Hassan, Laurens van Veldhuizen: 5.3 Follow the innovation: transdisciplinary innovation research in Khorezm, Uzbekistan;341
149.1;Abstract;341
150;5.3.1 Introduction;342
151;5.3.2 The `Follow the Innovation' Approach;342
152;5.3.3 From Design to Implementation;343
152.1;5.3.3.1 The Design;343
152.2;5.3.3.2 Capacity-Development for Transdisciplinary Research;344
152.3;5.3.3.3 The selected Innovations;345
152.4;5.3.3.4 Identifying Stakeholders, Designing Joint Experiments;348
152.5;5.3.3.5 Joint Innovation Testing and Adaptation;350
152.6;5.3.3.6 Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation;352
153;5.3.4 `Plausible' or `Implausible' Promises?;353
154;5.3.5 Concluding Remarks & Lessons Learnt;356
155;References;360
156;Section 6: Conclusions and Options for Action;363
157;John P. A. Lamers, Paul L. G. Vlek, Asia Khamzina, Bernhard Tischbein, Inna Rudenko: Conclusions, recommendations and outlook;365
157.1;6.1 Background;365
157.2;6.2 Options to increase water use efficiency;366
157.3;6.3 Options to increase land-use efficiency;372
157.4;6.4 Outlook for restructuring;373
157.5;6.5 References;377
158;List of abbreviations and acronyms;379
159;Glossary of Latin, Russian and Uzbek words;381
160;List of authors/co-authors and postal addresses;383

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